Sevket Durucan and J Quan Shi Research at Imperial College
Transcript of Sevket Durucan and J Quan Shi Research at Imperial College
Sevket Durucan and J Quan ShiRoyal School of Mines
Imperial College, London
Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery and CO2Sequestration in Coal: An Overview of Current
Research at Imperial College
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MINING ENGINEERING RESEARCH GROUP em
First International Forum on Geologic Sequestration of CO2 in Deep, Unmineable Coalseams “Coal-Seq I”
14-15 March 2002, Houston, Texas
PVT behaviour of CO2 and other gas mixturesMatrix swelling/shrinkage effects on permeability and flow
Relative permeability behaviourDiffusion characteristics of gas mixtures
Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery/CO2Storage - R&D PRIORITIES
Binary gas sorption behaviourHydrochemistry Modelling tools - upscaling from matrix/cleat to reservoir scale
Rock and Fluid Characteristics
InjectionWell spacingHorizontal vs vertical wells – improved injectivity?Techniques to improve permeability
Storage Capacity and LongevityType and integrity of caprock
Timescale? Leakage (1-10% ? – 100 years ?)Depth? Criteria on mineable/unmineable seams
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
Stress, pore pressure and wellbore effects
Coalbed Methane Research at Imperial College
Coal Seam ReservoirCharacterisation
DynamicStress-Permeability
Modelling
Laboratory Investigations
Coalbed Methane Flow and Geotechnical Models
Primary Recoverythrough Reservoir
Depletion
Abandoned MinesGas Production
Enhanced Recoveryand
CO2 Sequestration
CBM Simulator Horizontal CBM Well Model
Openhole CavityModel
S. Durucan, RITE CO2 Workshop, Kyoto 2001
An Investigation into the Effects of Matrix Swelling on Coal Permeability for ECBM And CO2 Sequestration Assessment
Development of Advanced Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Tools for Improved Coalbed Methane Recovery (ICBM) ICSTM-BP-TUD-IFP-DSK-WA
Laboratory investigations into potential matrix swelling mechanisms
Characterisation of sorption and diffusion behaviour of CH4-CO2mixtures in coal
Relative permeability and capillary pressure characterisation of the cleat-matrix structure in coal
Stress-permeability-stimulation characterisation of coals for the flow of CH4-CO2 mixtures
Geostatistical and fractal characterisation and upscaling of natural fractures
Development of a two-phase, multicomponent simulator
Optimisation of enhanced methane recovery and CH4-CO2 storage
S. Durucan, RITE CO2 Workshop, Kyoto 2001
Saar Coalfield: Coal Mines, Power Stations, Gas Network
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
UK coalfields including:- South Wales- North Derbyshire- Central Scotland
German coalfields including:- the Saar
- Ensdorf Colliery- Warndt/Luisenthal Colliery
French coalfields including:- Lorrainne Basin- Nord Pas de Calais- Ales Basin
Coalfields and Sample Collection
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
Cleat characterisationSlabs:
- Face Cleat
- Butt Cleat
- Cleat Angle
Cuttings:
- Micro-cleat size
- Cleat Angle
Discrete cleat angle and size distribution
IMAGE
ANALYSIS
Cleat angle
Source: TUD, 2001, ICBM
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
Stress – PermeabilityRelationship for Coal
Post-failure
Intact coal
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 15 20 25Mean axial strain (millistrain)
Dev
iato
ric s
tres
( MP
a)
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05Effective confinement: 5 MPa
Per
mea
bilit
y (m
d)
permeability
# 6: fractured
stress
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0effective confinement (MPa)
Perm
eabi
lity
(md)
1st loading (pre-failure)1st unloading (post-failure)2nd loading (post-failure)2nd unloading (post-failure)
Stress-permeability-stimulation characterisation for the flow of CH4-CO2 mixtures
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 24000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Effective Stress (psi)
Perm
eabi
lity
(md)
Durucan Puri et al Somerton
10Perm
eabi
lity
(k),
10-1
5 m
2
Confining Stress (MPa)0 2 4 6 8
0.313
1030
100300
1000Three YardGreat RowCannel Row
Stress - Permeability Relationships for Coal
Post-failure
Intact coal
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
P(r ,t)e
P(r ,t)w
Finite Element Mesh for Well Inflow
Finite Difference Mesh for Macro-Flow
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55Mean Effective Stress, MPa
Permeability, md
OH-6-HCOH-5-HCOH-12-HC
Well breakout
Cavity
Stress-permeability-welbore characterisation for the flow of CH4-CO2 mixtures - Hollow Cylinder Testing
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Mean Effective Stress, MPa
Stra
in, m
illis
train
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Perm
eabi
lity,
md
Permeability Bore Strain
Radial 1
Radial 2
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
Matrix Shrinkage and Swelling Effect of Gas Sorption
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Pressure, psi
Mic
rost
rain
MethaneHeliumCO2
Source: Seidle and Huitt, 1995
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
Pore Pressure – Permeability Behaviour of Coalbed Reservoirs (Primary CH4 Production)
Effective horizontal stress as a function of
initial reservoir pressure
Permeability rebound as a functionof initial reservoir porosity and pressure
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
-600-500-400-300-200-100
0100
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750Reservoir pressure (psi)
Cha
nge
in e
ffect
ive
horiz
onta
stre
ss (p
si)
p0 = 1154 psi
p0 = 1750 psi
0.1
1.0
10.0
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750Reservoir pressure (psi)
k/k0
p0 = 1154 psi
p0 = 1750 psi
Pore Pressure – Permeability Behaviour of Coalbed Reservoirs (Primary CH4 Production)
San Juan Fairway Well B#1Data Source: Palmer and Mansoori, 1996
San Juan, Valencia Canyon WellsData Source: Mavor and Vaughn, 1997
The reservoir permeability shows a strong
rebound with reservoir pressure reduction
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
00.250.5
0.751
1.251.5
1.752
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500Reservoir pressure (psi)
k/k0
history matched permeability response curve
IC model (METSIM)
stress effect only
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0p/p0
k/k0
VC 32-1
well test IC model (METSIM)
Mavor and Vaughn(VC 32-1)
VC 32-4
VC 29-4
Pore Pressure – Porosity/Permeability Behaviour of Coalbed Reservoirs (Gas Desorption)
Re-adsorption of CO2 in coal could potentially have an impact on coal
porosity/permeability, thus reducing CO2 injectivity.
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500Reservoir pressure (psi)
k/k0
90% CH4 +10% CO2
100% CO2
Relative permeability and capillary pressure characterisation of the cleat-matrix structure
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Gas Saturation
Rel
ativ
e P
erm
eab
ilit
yGas
Water
Watson Head UK - opencast coal
Critical Saturation (Sgcrit) Range = 0.2 - 0.3Absolute Permeability Range = 10 - 20 mDPorosity Range = 1.8 - 4.0 %
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
CO2 Injection Experiments: Methane and Water Production
520 bar, low temperature autoclave
for large samples
Results on CO2-injection and CH4/ H2O- production
Coal samples: original and prepared
Conditions during the experiments
Source: TUD, 2001, ICBM
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
Pore-Diffusion Model
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Normalised injected volume
CH4
con
cent
ratio
n (%
)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Out
flow
rate
(%
of i
njec
tion
rate
)
concentration
outflow rate
CH4-CO2 Simulator Development
Large Core CO2 Injection Tests: Model Predictions vs Laboratory Data
29 Partners in 9 European Countries
• Facilitate European Research Collaboration,
• Map European Centres of Excellence,
• Access and Define R&D Strategy,
• Facilitate Exploitation and Dissemination of Results,
• Provide Information to Assist Policy Making,
• Develop Training Material and Educational Activities
• Assess best Practice
• Increase Public Awareness
CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGY NETWORK
(CO2NET)
ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002
CO2NET MEMBER PROJECTSR&D
GESTCO – European survey of geological sinks
ICBM - ECBM
NASCENT – Natural Analogues
AZEP – Gas seperation
NGCAS – Geological storage and risk assessment
GRACE – Capture and cost reduction
Demonstration
SACS – Saline Aquifers
RECOPOL - ECBM
WEYBURN - EOR
S. Durucan & JQ Shi, Coal-Seq I, Houston 2002