Severe Weather
description
Transcript of Severe Weather
![Page 1: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SEVERE WEATHER
![Page 2: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
THUNDERSTORMS & LIGHTNING
![Page 3: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Thunderstorm Development
Thunderstorms need: moisture warm air lifting capability (fronts, sea breeze,
mountains)
Cumulus clouds (white, puffy) form from lifting air and develop into cumulonimbus clouds
![Page 4: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lightning
Results from buildup and discharge of electrical energy between + and – areas within a rising cloud
Lightning rapidly heats the surrounding air, causing a shock wave we hear as thunder
Three types: Within cloud Between cloud Cloud-to-ground
![Page 5: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Thunderstorm Formation Lightning Formation
![Page 6: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
HURRICANES
![Page 8: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hurricane Life Cycle
• Start as pre-existing low pressure systems, called tropical waves, over warm ocean waters
• Evaporating ocean waters and heated air rise and develop thunderstorms
• Storms begin to swirl around the low pressure center due to the Coriolis Effect (spinning of the Earth)
![Page 9: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hurricane Structure Eye – sinking air in the
center of the storm forms a calm, cloud-free eye that can be 20 – 40 miles across
Eyewall – dense thunderstorms surrounding the eye; strongest winds
Rainbands – thunderstorms and clouds that spiral outward from the center; spin counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere
![Page 10: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hurricane Stages
Tropical Depression – strengthening tropical wave; winds less than 34 mph
Tropical Storm – continued strengthening; winds between 35 – 73 mph; named
Hurricane – when winds reach 74 mph; eye forms
Hurricanes lose energy when they make landfall, or emerge into colder waters
![Page 11: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Notice how this hurricane got worse over the dark red (warmer water) and finally died when it got over the colder water.
![Page 12: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How Do You Measure a Hurricane? Hurricanes are measured by their speed and it is split into categories
The categories range from one to five, with one being the weakest and five being the strongest
The classification of hurricane systems is called the Safir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
![Page 13: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Safir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleCategory One 74 to 95 MPHCategory Two 96 to 110 MPHCategory Three 111 to 130 MPHCategory Four 131 to 155 MPHCategory Five Winds greater
then 155 MPH
Note: Hurricanes of Category Three or above are considered major hurricanes.
![Page 14: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A storm surge is the change in sea level produced by wind pushing the water up onto the shore. It is the MOST damaging part of a hurricane.
![Page 15: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Important Hurricane Terms
A Hurricane Watch occurs when a hurricane is possible within 36 hours
The storm is being tracked to predict where it may hit
A Hurricane Warning is issued when it the storm is expected to hit within 24 hours
Evacuation may be needed
![Page 16: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hurricane Safety Tips Know if the location you are in is a safe zone or
whether evacuation may be needed Protect windows and glass with plywood Turn off utilities Have a supply kit including first aid, water,
canned goods, battery powered radio, blankets, etc.
After evacuation, do not return until it has been declared safe
![Page 17: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TORNADOES
![Page 18: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What is a Tornado? A tornado is a violently rotating column
of air extending between, and in contact with, a cloud and the surface of the earth
Tornadoes can come one at a time or in clusters
They can also vary in size, length, width, direction of travel, and speed
![Page 19: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tornado Formation
Changing wind direction and increased wind speed prior to a thunderstorm creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere
Rising warm air within the thunderstorm tilts the spinning air upward into the storm
The vertical spinning column of air begins to rotate the thunderstorm, and a tornado soon forms
![Page 20: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Formation Waterspout
![Page 21: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Enhanced Fujita ScaleEF 0 65 to 85 MPHEF 1 86 to 110
MPHEF 2 111 to 135 MPHEF 3 136 to 165 MPHEF 4 166 to 200 MPHEF 5 Over 200 MPH
![Page 22: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How Do You Measure a Tornado? Since February 1, 2008 tornadoes
have been measured based on the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF)
This scale helps determine the speed of a tornado from weakest to strongest
![Page 23: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tornado Facts
Waterspouts – tornadoes that form over water; usually weaker than land tornadoes
Tornadoes can be transparent, and only appear when dust and debris get picked up into the funnel
Tornadoes can occur anywhere on Earth, but are most common in “Tornado Alley” in the central United States
![Page 24: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tornado Safety
Tornado Watch – conditions are right for tornado development
Tornado Warning – one has been sighted or indicated in the area; take shelter
If inside – stay away from windows, get in a central room or basement
If outside – seek shelter, get out of cars and get on the ground or in a ditch
![Page 26: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
More Severe Weather
Flash Floods Heavy rainfall over a
short period of time; causes most fatalities during thunderstorms
Hail Strong vertical winds
within thunderstorm clouds (updrafts) carry rain drops to heights where they freeze; once they get too heavy they fall to the ground
![Page 27: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SUN SAFETY
• The Sun’s ultraviolet radiation can cause health risks, including skin cancer
• Surfaces like snow, water, and beach sand can double the effect of UV radiation
![Page 28: Severe Weather](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166ee550346895ddb44ae/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF