SEVERE FLOODING IN THE MIDDLE EAST LEBANON JANUARY 4, 2013 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster...
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Transcript of SEVERE FLOODING IN THE MIDDLE EAST LEBANON JANUARY 4, 2013 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster...
SEVERE FLOODING IN THE MIDDLE EAST LEBANON
JANUARY 4, 2013
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
AFTERMATH OF WINTER STORM CAUSES FLOODING THAT
LEAVES FOUR DEAD AND CLOSES SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT COUNTRY
FLOODING IN LEBANON
FLOODING IN LEBANON
PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF FLOODSPHYSICAL EFFECTS OF FLOODS
INUNDATION, HIGH-VELOCITY FLOW, HIGH-VOLUME DISCHARGE, EROSION, AND
SCOUR
INUNDATION, HIGH-VELOCITY FLOW, HIGH-VOLUME DISCHARGE, EROSION, AND
SCOUR
DAMAGE FROM DAMAGE FROM INUNCATIONINUNCATION
DAMAGE FROM DAMAGE FROM INUNCATIONINUNCATION
A SCENARIO INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND A SCENARIO INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE RISKSOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE RISK
A SCENARIO INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND A SCENARIO INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE RISKSOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE RISK
EROSION, SCOUR, AND EROSION, SCOUR, AND LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
EROSION, SCOUR, AND EROSION, SCOUR, AND LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS
RISKRISKRISKRISK
SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF FLOODSSOCIETAL IMPACTS OF FLOODS
DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, LOSS OF FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,
TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS, AUTOS, AND HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES,
AND DISEASE
DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, LOSS OF FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,
TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS, AUTOS, AND HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES,
AND DISEASE
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR
FLOODS
WHAT INCREASES VULNERABILITY
MANKIND’S ACTIONS AND NATURAL EVENTS CAN CHANGE THE
VULNERABILITY OF ELEMENTS AT RISK TO FLOODS, A PART OF THE WATER
CYCLE
An element’s vulnerability (fragility) is the result of a community’s actions or
nature’s actions that change some part of the regional water
cycle (e.g., precipitation, storage, runoff, transpiration,
evaporation).
MANKIND’S CONTRIBUTIONAn element’s vulnerability
(fragility) is the result of flaws that enter during the planning,
siting, design, and construction of a community’s buildings and
infrastructure.
MANKIND’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE SOME PART OF THE WATER CYCLE
• Urban development or industrial development in areas that were formerly wetlands.
• Locating buildings and infrastructure in a river floodplain.
MANKIND’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE SOME PART OF THE WATER CYCLE
• Actions that increase or decrease river gradients (deforestation, dams, etc).
• Actions that change the runoff pattern or rate (e.g., the city’s concrete footprint)
NATURE’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE SOME PART OF THE WATER CYCLE
• A flash flood.• Ice jams/ice dams on the river• Rapid melt of snow and ice• Extreme or prolonged
precipitation caused by stalled low-pressure systems.
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS: DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
A RISK ASSESSMENT
• A risk assessment involves the probabilistic integration of:
• The hazard (e.g., floods) and their potential disaster agents (inundation, erosion, etc) that are directly related to the location of the community and what happens in the regional water cycle.
RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued)
• The location of each element of the exposure in relation to the physical demands of the hazard (i.e., inundation, etc.)
RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued)
• The exposure (e.g., people, and elements of the community’s built environment), represents the potential loss when the natural hazard occurs.
RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued)
• The vulnerability (or fragility) of each element comprising the exposure when subjected to the potential disaster agents.