SETTLING DOWN, BUILDING CITIES, & ESTABLISHING STATES Part 2.
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SETTLING DOWN, BUILDING CITIES, & ESTABLISHING STATES Part 2
Transcript of SETTLING DOWN, BUILDING CITIES, & ESTABLISHING STATES Part 2.
SETTLING DOWN, BUILDING CITIES, & ESTABLISHING
STATES Part 2
WHY THE RISE OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY?
Hypotheses centered on:1.2.3.
Many hypotheses proposed _____________________________
External factorsand
Internal factors
NATUFIANS
_______________ Wild cereals, nuts, & wild game
______________ __________________ sedentism
2 dozen villages (~40-150ppl) Architecture Implications of social stratification
WHAT IS SOCIAL COMPLEXITY?
Natufians were at first an _____________________ What is egalitarian?
_________ __________________
Social Complexity1.2.3.
COMPLEX SOCIETY
1. increase in population size2. extensive division of labor3. occupational specialization
These are associated with ‘social complexity’
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
1. ___________
Mayan Civilization Tikal, Guatemala
Dominated the Maya region politically, economically, and militarily
Temple of the Giant Jaguar
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
2. grave goods
Peru: 1200yr old Wari ceramic flask
Peru: Funeral Chamber with Gold & Pottery
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
2. grave goodsVarna, Bulgaria: Elite Grave Goods, Varna Necropolis 4500-4000 BC
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
3. _______________________________ Example: _________________________________
Occupational specialization
EVOLUTION OF DISEASE
•99% human history we were hunter-gatherers• Common diseases: _______________________• __________________: minimum contact with
disease vectors
•10-12,000yrs ago lifestyle change:• Domestication of plants, animals• More sedentary, increased population
density• Urbanization, industrialization
=_______________
AGRICULTURAL POPULATIONS
• Sedentary, larger population = continuous exposure to vectors _________________________
•Many infectious diseases from:• ___________________________________
•Agriculture DOES NOT = _________________• Few crops, crop failure ___________________• Carbohydrates __________________
AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN HEALTH
Prevalence of Infectious Disease
Nutrition Consequences 1. 2.
A. B.
CONSEQUENCES OF MODERNITY:“DISEASES OF CIVILIZATION”
Infectious Diseases _______________________Metabolic Stress/Parasitism Dental decayChronic diseases _____________________________ Industrial cultural behaviors that lead to various, recent ailments _________________________
MODERN HEALTH: THE 10 / 90 DISEQUILIBRIUM
___________________________________
What is 90% of the health research being devoted to?
