PERIOD 2: 1607-1754part two: English settlement of northern colonies

Settlements of

New England

1640

PERIOD 2: 1607-1754“the British are coming…”

Key Concept 2.2: British colonies participated in political, social, cultural and economic

exchanges with GrBr that strengthened their bonds and resistance to

GrBr’s control.

text chapter 3: “Settling the Northern Colonies (1619-1700)

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENGLAND

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Establishes predestination: only the all-knowing God

knew who was going to heaven/hell.

Not knowing your fate, people sought signs of conversion

– an intense personal experience with God.

The elect expected to live sanctified lives

Produces a new line of devote church reformers

John Calvin writes Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)

Some leave for Holland for religious freedom and avoid

persecution from King James I…

Puritan “Separatists”

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENGLAND

The most radical, devout wanted a clean break from the (Anglican) Church of England.

..some of these, along with “Strangers” risk settling near Jamestown Colony…

..but end up in Plymouth Massachussets

Plymouth Colony (1620)

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENGLAND

Early Hardships: behind schedule, Mayflower arrives in November.

Pilgrims-Wampanoag Treaty April, 1621; friendly

relations, strong leadership leads to successful

settlement

Cpt. Miles Standish

Gov. William BradfordMassasoit

Wampanoag chietan

the first, very rudiment Constitution – a “We the People” agreement

for the common good.

Mayflower Compact

Lead by Winthrop with royal charter, 15,000+

leave in 1630s to found Boston during English Civil

War: Great Migration

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENGLAND

Moderate Puritans stayed behind; A persecution of Puritans increases with King

Charles I

John Winthrop

Establish elected assembly: voting rights limited

to male members of the Puritan Church.

“City on a Hill” sermon

a “biblebelt’ across N

Eng

Map 3.1b p45

CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS

Roger Williams1603-1683

Respected Puritan Minister, arriving in Boston (1631)

Taught that a person’s conscience is beyond the control

of civil or church authority

Banished from Mass Bay Colony, founds Providence

Colony (Rhode Island)

Respected right of Am Inds and paid for use of land

Catholics, Quakers, Jews worshiped freely

CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS

Anne Hutchinson questioned Puritan authorities

Anne Hutchinson1591-1643

Taught antinomianism faith alone is necessary for

salvation

Placed on trial for sedition: banished; she and

followers founded Portsmouth Colony

1644, Roger Williams granted charter from

Parliament joining colonies creating Rhode Island

Tolerated diverse beliefs – a refuge for many -

“the sewer” to the Puritans

CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS

1660s: one generation of Puritans later, fewer members were having

conversions.

To maintain church membership, more liberal clergy offer halfway

covenant: partial church membership

Short-term: creates schism within/among Puritan

churches

Long Term: Greater, more diverse participation

CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS

Salem Witch Trials

1692

Salem Witch Trial Museum

The Trials

Rev. Cotton Mather1663-1728

History Channel

Documentary

CONNECTICUT

Rev Thomas Hooker, unhappy with Mass Bay authorities, led followers to

fertile Connecticut River Valley; founded Hartford Colony (1636)

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

A representative govt

A legislature elected by

popular vote

A governor chosen by

the legislature

! Royal Charter (1665) granted with limited

degree of self-govt

disease, land, trade, small

attacks boil over: bloodbath,

500+ Am Ind casualties

CONFLICT: PURITANS V INDIANS

The Pequot Nation Todaytensions increase with expanding settlement

Powerful Pequot Tribe weakens:

smallpox epidemic Pequot’s split between pro-Dutch and pro-English

Pequot War (1637)

remaining sold into into slavery, left,

Christianized…

The Puritan Mission"To winn and incite the natives of the

country to the knowledge and Obedience

of the onlie true God and Saviour of

Mankinde, and the Christian Fayth.“

Charter of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay states

Four decades of uneasy peace

King Philips War (1675-1676)

Chief of Wampanoags, Metacom

(King Phillip), son of Massasoit,

unites tribes in S NEng

CONFLICT: PURITANS V INDIANS

Puritans “praying towns” Christianize remaining Am Inds

1000s die, villages burn

Pilgrims-Wampanoag Treaty

April, 1621

Chieftan Massasoit

New England Confederation (1640s)

COLONIAL UNITY AND INDEPENDENCE

Distracted by English Civil War, (1642-1651),

England “neglects” management of colonies

! colonists develop habits of independence

NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION (1640s)

COLONIAL UNITY AND INDEPENDENCE

King Charles II

(1630-1685)

Charles II restored: to impose more active reign on

colonies…

Map 3.3 p51

…creates Dominion of New England

Navigation Laws (1651) passed by

parliament to more strictly control trade

ANDROS PROMOTES THE FIRST AM REVOLUTION

BOSTON HOSTILITY

Supporter of Church of England ill-mannered soldiers

THE “GLORIOUS REVOLUTION” IN BOSTON

mobs run Andros out of town

Sir Edmund Andros

1637-1714

curbed town meetings, restricted actions of courts,

press and schools revoked all land titles

taxed without “consent of the governed”

enforced Navigation Laws

MASSACHUSETTS COLONY GOODNOT SO GOOD

SALUTARY NEGLECT

NEW NETHERLAND

1600s: A DUTCH GOLDEN AGE

earned independence from Spain

Expands commercial and naval power to become leading

colonial power: Dutch India Company

Henry Hudson explores upper east coast, Hudson River

NEW NETHERLAND

Investors had little enthusiasm for democratic practices

colony developed a strong aristocracy; building

patroonships (feudal estates)

colony attracts a cosmopolitan population

(1623): New Amsterdam, purchasing Manhattan Island, a

company town run by and for Dutch West India Company

Trouble with Indians and nearby Connecticut; Swedes near

Delaware River

a key harbor and Hudson River

!1664: ENGLISH SEIZES NEW NETHERLAND FROM DUTCH

NYC retains autocratic spirit

Eng control entire east coast Aristocratic atmosphere

discourages European immigrants

PENN’S HOLY EXPERIMENT

QUAKERS: RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS

Dissenters; refused to pay taxes to established Church of England

DEEP CONVICTIONS:

against strife and warfare

refused military service

for passive resistance

simple, devoted, democratic people, for religious and civic freedom

PENN’S HOLY EXPERIMENT

(1660) Flees English persecution; looks to new world to

experiment with liberal ideas and make money

WILLIAM PENN

liberal land policy attracts many immigrants

Amicable Am Ind relations; undermined by non-Quakers

Proprietary Colony:

Representative assembly elected by landowners

no tax supported state church

freedom of religion

restricted use of death penalty

pro social reform

anti slavery