Setting The time and place of the action of a story Setting includes the following: The...
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Transcript of Setting The time and place of the action of a story Setting includes the following: The...
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Elements of the Short Story
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Setting
The time and place of the action of a story
Setting includes the following:
The geographical location
The time period
The specific building, room and so on . . .
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The feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.
A cold wind sliced across the silent and empty graveyard. Stanton shivered and glanced up at the moon, a pale silver behind dark clouds. He heard footsteps, then more footsteps, and his stomach knotted. Shouldn’t have come, he thought.
What mood does this paragraph convey to the reader?
Mood
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Characters
Protagonist – The main character in a story; the character who is involved in the central conflict of the story
Antagonist – principal character or force in opposition of the protagonist
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Characters
Static – one who remains the same throughout the story
Dynamic – one who undergoes important changes as the plot unfolds
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Plot
The series of events in a story
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Elements of Plot Exposition – introduces setting and
characters; introduces the conflict
Rising Action – presents complications that intensify the conflict and builds suspense
Climax – the turning point and the moment of greatest suspense; makes the outcome of the conflict clear
Falling Action – eases the suspense; reveals the outcome of the story’s climax; shows how the main character resolves the conflict
Resolution – reveals the final outcome and ties up loose ends
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FlashbackAn account of a conversation, an
episode, or an event that happened before the beginning of the story
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ConflictStruggle between opposing forces
Internal conflict – a struggle within a character’s mind. The struggle usually centers on a choice or decision the character must make
External conflict – a clash between a character and an outside force, such as another character, society, or a force of nature
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Point of View
First person – narrator is character in the story
Third person – narrative voice is outside the story
Third person omniscient – all-knowing point of view
Third person limited – narrator tells what only one character thinks
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ForeshadowingWriter’s use of hints or clues to suggest
events that will occur later in a story
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Simile
A comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as.”
Example: The river winds down the valley like a long, skinny snake.
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Metaphor
A comparison between two unlike things without using “like” or “as.”
Ex: Time is money.
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Personification
Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.
Ex: The wind cried in the dark.
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SymbolismAn object, character, figure, or color that
is used to represent something other than itself.
What does the feather symbolize for Dumbo?
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AllusionA reference to the Bible, history, or another famous piece of literature.
In The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the gargoyle Laverne tells a flock of pigeons to “Fly my pretties! Fly, Fly!” alluding to the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz.
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Tone
The writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward a subject, character, or audience; conveyed through the author’s choice of words and detail.
Tone can be:
Serious
Humorous
Sarcastic
Indifferent
Etc.
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Theme
An underlying message about life or human nature that a writer
wants the reader to understand; the main idea of the story