Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute...
Transcript of Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute...
Setting the Stage
for Revolution:
Absolute Monarchies In your spiral, use the glossary &
define:
1.divine right of kings
2.Absolutism
3.Absolute monarch (use the
glossary & your brain to define)
Frayer Model: Absolutism Illustrated Dictionary. Follow the directions below & place it in your
spiral :
Vocabulary Word
Copy down the dictionary definition of your word here.
Draw an illustration of your vocabulary word here.
Define the word, using
your own words.
How does this word apply to the United States in the 21st Century?
Thirty Years’ War
1618-1648 1640: Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian
(German) principalities.
Electors from the 7 major German states elect the Holy Roman emperor. Many other German states no longer recognize the power of the Holy Roman emperor.
1641: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Protestant countries – Sweden, Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. France comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control.
Over thirty years alliances continually changed.
War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated.
1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. France is clear winner, gains territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. Prussia remains fragmented and Hapsburgs lose much power.
The Philosopher Behind the Age • Thomas Hobbes
• 1660 – Wrote the Leviathon (Giant)
• Discussed the perfect government
• People first lived in anarchy
• Needed a “social contract”
• Required an absolute monarch to maintain order
• People retained the right only to maintain their lives.
Absolutism Summary Chart Use the remaining power point slides to
complete the chart below SPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA
Government monarchy
Leaders
(Dates)
Phillip II
absolute
monarch
(1554-1598)
Religion Catholic
Economy Richest in
world, based
on New World
trade
Wars and
Reforms
Defeats
Ottomans
in 1571
England - Pathway to
Revolution
1603-1689 • Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) –
Absolute ruler of England.
• Kept Parliament on her
side.
• Stabilized the nation and
expanded British territory.
• Died without an heir.
• Country had to decide
who would replace her.
England – James I
(1603 – 1625) • James VI of Scotland
• Became James I of England when Elizabeth I died.
• Believed in Divine Right of Kings. “Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth.”
• Ran up a huge debt in England.
• Had Bible translated from Latin into English
England – Charles I
1625 - 1649 • Absolute monarch - had no
problem with putting his enemies in prison without trial
• Ran up a huge debt
• Dissolved Parliament in 1629
• Touched off a massive civil war between supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell.
• Charles I beheaded in 1649.
In England, no ruler could claim absolute power
and ignore the rule of law.
England – Oliver Cromwell
1649 - 1658 • Lord Protector – England
• Ruled through the army
• Exiled Catholics to Ireland
• Strict Puritan laws passed – theaters closed, Sunday set aside for worship, no lewd dancing, taverns or gambling
• Religious freedom for everyone else
• When Cromwell died, Restoration began.
England – Charles II
The Restoration
1660 - 1685
• Popular ruler
• Monarchy restored –
Hence: Restoration
• Bowed to the wishes of
Parliament
• Restored the Church
of England
• Stabilized government
England – James II
1685 - 1688 • Absolute Ruler
• Antagonized Parliament
• Ran up a huge debt
• Openly Catholic
• Forced from throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution
• Struggle between king and parliament – page 425
Setting the Stage
for Revolution:
Absolute Monarchies
2. Read the American Bill of Rights.
Which Amendment gives us the right
to freedom of speech? (answer in
your spirals)
England – William and Mary
English Bill of Rights
1689 • William and Mary given the throne after the Bill of
Rights passed.
• Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy.
• Parliament had to meet on a regular basis
• Monarchy could neither make nor suspend laws
• Trial by jury reinstated.
• Abolished fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
• Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Due process of laws.
• Laid groundwork for American system of laws.
The Philosophy Advances • John Locke
• 1690
• People first lived in anarchy
• Needed a “social contract”
• People gave up only SOME of their individual rights.
• Kept the right to: - Live - Enjoy Liberty - Own Property
• Rulers who violated these rights broke the social contract and could be overthrown.
France – Louis XIV
Ruled 1643 - 1715 Called himself the Sun King
Believed in divine right. “L’etat, c’est moi.” (I am the state.)
Made French army the strongest in Europe
France was the wealthiest country in Europe under Louis XIV
Louis XIV spent huge amounts of money
Built Versailles. (page 419)
War of Spanish Succession (page 420)
Spain – Philip II
Ruled 1556-1598 • Sought to expand Spanish influence
– ruled Spain when the empire was at
its height. Included the Spanish New
World
• Devout: tried to strengthen Catholic
church
• Centralized royal power
• Married Mary I of England – returned
England to Catholicism
• Invaded England with Spanish
armada against Elizabeth I – lost
Russia – Peter the Great
Ruled 1682-1725 • Goal was to westernize Russia.
Forced powerful boyars to bow to his will.
• Built modern Western city for Russian capital – St. Petersburg.
• Spread serfdom.
• Studied Western technology. Worked in a shipyard
• Extended Russian territory – to Pacific Ocean.
• 1700: Fought Sweden for control of Baltic. Gained several Baltic ports
Austria – Maria Theresa
ruled 1740 - 1780 Absolute monarch of Austria
Fought Frederick II of Prussia
for control of Hungary and
Silesia
Reorganized the government
Enlightened Despot
Eased tax burden on her
people
Gave more rights to her
subjects
Gave birth to 16 children while
in power
Prussia – Frederick II
Ruled 1740-1786 Absolute ruler of
Prussia (Germany)
Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession
Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation