Setting Priorities for Research, Analysis, and Information · 2018. 11. 8. · STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK...
Transcript of Setting Priorities for Research, Analysis, and Information · 2018. 11. 8. · STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK...
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS amp DISSEMINATION
PA -I y o 1
Setting Priorities for Research Analysis and Information Dissemination on
BASIC EDUCATION IN AFRICA
BIJPff AU FO AMk I(-A UJ [Ir(Y -CJP 11]j1 RrHJAFIC1AA[ [)[V[I(-~ I PASI iM^ liH I(11U 1
A Strategic Framework for Setting Priorities for Research Analysis and Information Dissemination on Basic Education in Africa
Prepared for the
Bureau for Africa
Office of Sustainable Development
by the
Health and Human Resources Analysis in Africa (HHRAA) Project
with technical assistance through the
Support for Analysis and Research in Africa (SARA) contract
July 1995
Table of Contents
Acronym s Ba ckg ro u nd I
SLttus of lI du iI in iAfrica I
M a in Issucus 5
ULS )jIi iild rs ls 5 USAII) s( )ill Supormii I lhsig iltr 1 IPurpogtse (d1 Ili Slralcg4i( F1~ll1v()rk 10
lssues I(Ic lifi(allmlIo l1 Ss II (( ilsldItliois vith NliV sio s I I ( m ntd11lil ls IlAil] ( i -Ihc ision -Maikcis H
lil r t l -cSill-N 17
lPri ritics ill ss s ll ll l mi N(s 18 S 1111111 1 (d ssli s I il c l 19
Rec ar-ch All y[ 111( Dmllissci lia llp roaclics 16
l~rccc~ c s 4 1i
Acronyms
ABEL
AEAAmerican
FISI) -IRI)
BRAC
BRIDGE S1
CI ES
I)AF
1)I A
EEampC
EIl
E FA
ERNXWi(
GDPl
1-1I-1 RAi
INISIS
C YIB
lREISOWC(
lRampDEl)
Advancing B~asic Fducaiionau iteraicy
FL(It1Iion ccihi )dto
zIiia litu-cati ofi~Siistia Ic I~ccopilnt
ialgladcs1l IuiiI Act ioi n mmitee
Basic RescairCli adII f11lj)clIltiton ill Developing
EduIcationi SNSrcIls
( onlpiIic an1WdII Iiicl-ili iml E(1ducation Society
Donlors 1 Africaln EduIcation
evchopillcnIilIIC fiicun
CI)iIloliIIicil ull(i(ILIcdtioII dInd comll hiliUcatiol
Economiic I cvclopnilcnt Institute (World Banik)
FItIcation l10t 111
FEicatioti IRescli Ne-twor-k for lest andic Central
gl-oSs dome~lstic prloduct
Health and I I uniain Resources Analysis Imt Afi-ica
Naltionadl 1(cidt io Staitistics Inionatioti System
ojpetdti(onal yeart l)It(Iget(
Regiotidi LU(-)tV )tI( ll(Ii )l I()dttt Support Office
for Wetand Cetit t icllth (1 SAII)
Resedr(l ad I eeOtin fficc of L()lticatnd
Intltittilottl lDexeoptietit (tJSAI)
v
SAAsupj nor 1-llalsis andu Rcscaili ill Afriica
SI IARF SNtclin to I1(1 I A((Oss RZ(-)()IIts (A1I1c I ldcatioii
SID) Societ I fi tri tiojial Iucomci
UNESCO LUniil N~itii K(ucailaIu Sciulllific and (Ot~I
UNICEF Uniil Nmatos ( ildyiri s Fund
U PE Iilim-csal I liillldly cii
LJS1 IDI) Jitcd St~tl(s cn(1011)1cl-IlaIIionl1CC~~f~l
vi
Background
III simlIctl 111 vcofloIIIU (fCvc10p11C1 Il IncaIIs impjloring pcoples living cond~itionls A dloe(eel~fyed cmOlltry haIs it 11101 litcratc hecalthier more
prIoducive and(11liwcabiU g1 pudtti o((5 t FAg lllJti l( vlel iif(d
111allii P0(Ic~wita
retllif itsii ~IiioI 91Voll auie tllo
Il)li llll tw)15 wa llveIi- greatl ceoim ioii il o l
wote(IiilIldcil
Ontile basis ofI fo teI-ctioiislip betweeni cdIleww andtle ic (d Ilf
[lie ind(icatlms ()f deelpil cli toullvd labve it is widely ~igl ee(I thilt ctifioii is it llw(cssalr 1iiugh 1101 Slfficicllt by itself eli itforet0
Oillcsearchl (1 ellls1r1tats thec i11iprallo () Iostfive iiiteigeiieiatioiiil
effects (it 1b1Si( ((Ill(i tiol Ill (ff(t tllt50mi and dillghltcl s ofI (AlI(cme(
parlits at (1 ( likely to) attiol s(1101 also) and to likv longcr atnd
Iicaltiliti lives This Isesp-ciaIIV trultefow ~le1e iIllieis
A~s iAfiea imItitgocs iald p~t(dill soeial ili clivilm)illiciltill (hlilge inl
tile I 99t(s education will ills() bc t1he prl~icihl ve iM Iocsponcing to
ing dj(Ic11001i( illstitiltioiis ( ul ltdling the spieIla (f AID)S m~ pNonuillg1tilg
pr1im]ary (1hlil(tiol1 wsill J)O ilctit iieis Ilitttii cashyto shapej gelier-tiolls
pacity toi ((lf (i these( lciletigs
Status of Educalion in frica
At inIcpcndn(cl( mo(st Afil(all (0111tles inher~itedl education systems that oF ered sclulOOilg I() a small pcIellgc ofI tile pj)llatioll Ill addition thle
pritnialy OJetle(IfI 11oc ((htt(dtiolI ll~l d d a 1() 11irill ]()- andt Illidlewepr
c~ivil servants for Ilitc (o l illilistlatioll post-ililclldcencc dcshyadl Tllc
vre~opiiii of c(Im ltiol attlli)tcOI to) il~iss foriiclIljoc hliitationi o)I
these Sste-lns f ooeInsteadu od tlaillillg 1 I e ~IlldlilliStrativc tIeetls ()I
ll1phasis tetl fOUtile tooi Iei c cii Olui 50l(Wll and tt-aillilig pti-soiitel
tile l)IIIrg(oIiiig nel Ig civil SelIVi(e- was now thec plnuary goill ()I thle edc(Iatin IJlgal
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
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11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
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alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
A Strategic Framework for Setting Priorities for Research Analysis and Information Dissemination on Basic Education in Africa
Prepared for the
Bureau for Africa
Office of Sustainable Development
by the
Health and Human Resources Analysis in Africa (HHRAA) Project
with technical assistance through the
Support for Analysis and Research in Africa (SARA) contract
July 1995
Table of Contents
Acronym s Ba ckg ro u nd I
SLttus of lI du iI in iAfrica I
M a in Issucus 5
ULS )jIi iild rs ls 5 USAII) s( )ill Supormii I lhsig iltr 1 IPurpogtse (d1 Ili Slralcg4i( F1~ll1v()rk 10
lssues I(Ic lifi(allmlIo l1 Ss II (( ilsldItliois vith NliV sio s I I ( m ntd11lil ls IlAil] ( i -Ihc ision -Maikcis H
lil r t l -cSill-N 17
lPri ritics ill ss s ll ll l mi N(s 18 S 1111111 1 (d ssli s I il c l 19
Rec ar-ch All y[ 111( Dmllissci lia llp roaclics 16
l~rccc~ c s 4 1i
Acronyms
ABEL
AEAAmerican
FISI) -IRI)
BRAC
BRIDGE S1
CI ES
I)AF
1)I A
EEampC
EIl
E FA
ERNXWi(
GDPl
1-1I-1 RAi
INISIS
C YIB
lREISOWC(
lRampDEl)
Advancing B~asic Fducaiionau iteraicy
FL(It1Iion ccihi )dto
zIiia litu-cati ofi~Siistia Ic I~ccopilnt
ialgladcs1l IuiiI Act ioi n mmitee
Basic RescairCli adII f11lj)clIltiton ill Developing
EduIcationi SNSrcIls
( onlpiIic an1WdII Iiicl-ili iml E(1ducation Society
Donlors 1 Africaln EduIcation
evchopillcnIilIIC fiicun
CI)iIloliIIicil ull(i(ILIcdtioII dInd comll hiliUcatiol
Economiic I cvclopnilcnt Institute (World Banik)
FItIcation l10t 111
FEicatioti IRescli Ne-twor-k for lest andic Central
gl-oSs dome~lstic prloduct
Health and I I uniain Resources Analysis Imt Afi-ica
Naltionadl 1(cidt io Staitistics Inionatioti System
ojpetdti(onal yeart l)It(Iget(
Regiotidi LU(-)tV )tI( ll(Ii )l I()dttt Support Office
for Wetand Cetit t icllth (1 SAII)
Resedr(l ad I eeOtin fficc of L()lticatnd
Intltittilottl lDexeoptietit (tJSAI)
v
SAAsupj nor 1-llalsis andu Rcscaili ill Afriica
SI IARF SNtclin to I1(1 I A((Oss RZ(-)()IIts (A1I1c I ldcatioii
SID) Societ I fi tri tiojial Iucomci
UNESCO LUniil N~itii K(ucailaIu Sciulllific and (Ot~I
UNICEF Uniil Nmatos ( ildyiri s Fund
U PE Iilim-csal I liillldly cii
LJS1 IDI) Jitcd St~tl(s cn(1011)1cl-IlaIIionl1CC~~f~l
vi
Background
III simlIctl 111 vcofloIIIU (fCvc10p11C1 Il IncaIIs impjloring pcoples living cond~itionls A dloe(eel~fyed cmOlltry haIs it 11101 litcratc hecalthier more
prIoducive and(11liwcabiU g1 pudtti o((5 t FAg lllJti l( vlel iif(d
111allii P0(Ic~wita
retllif itsii ~IiioI 91Voll auie tllo
Il)li llll tw)15 wa llveIi- greatl ceoim ioii il o l
wote(IiilIldcil
Ontile basis ofI fo teI-ctioiislip betweeni cdIleww andtle ic (d Ilf
[lie ind(icatlms ()f deelpil cli toullvd labve it is widely ~igl ee(I thilt ctifioii is it llw(cssalr 1iiugh 1101 Slfficicllt by itself eli itforet0
Oillcsearchl (1 ellls1r1tats thec i11iprallo () Iostfive iiiteigeiieiatioiiil
effects (it 1b1Si( ((Ill(i tiol Ill (ff(t tllt50mi and dillghltcl s ofI (AlI(cme(
parlits at (1 ( likely to) attiol s(1101 also) and to likv longcr atnd
Iicaltiliti lives This Isesp-ciaIIV trultefow ~le1e iIllieis
A~s iAfiea imItitgocs iald p~t(dill soeial ili clivilm)illiciltill (hlilge inl
tile I 99t(s education will ills() bc t1he prl~icihl ve iM Iocsponcing to
ing dj(Ic11001i( illstitiltioiis ( ul ltdling the spieIla (f AID)S m~ pNonuillg1tilg
pr1im]ary (1hlil(tiol1 wsill J)O ilctit iieis Ilitttii cashyto shapej gelier-tiolls
pacity toi ((lf (i these( lciletigs
Status of Educalion in frica
At inIcpcndn(cl( mo(st Afil(all (0111tles inher~itedl education systems that oF ered sclulOOilg I() a small pcIellgc ofI tile pj)llatioll Ill addition thle
pritnialy OJetle(IfI 11oc ((htt(dtiolI ll~l d d a 1() 11irill ]()- andt Illidlewepr
c~ivil servants for Ilitc (o l illilistlatioll post-ililclldcencc dcshyadl Tllc
vre~opiiii of c(Im ltiol attlli)tcOI to) il~iss foriiclIljoc hliitationi o)I
these Sste-lns f ooeInsteadu od tlaillillg 1 I e ~IlldlilliStrativc tIeetls ()I
ll1phasis tetl fOUtile tooi Iei c cii Olui 50l(Wll and tt-aillilig pti-soiitel
tile l)IIIrg(oIiiig nel Ig civil SelIVi(e- was now thec plnuary goill ()I thle edc(Iatin IJlgal
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
4(hnii 144l1114 A(14 4411( 144v115 411151Access(ilI ii 141 anlSo44 1 4X 411d l 11
11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Table of Contents
Acronym s Ba ckg ro u nd I
SLttus of lI du iI in iAfrica I
M a in Issucus 5
ULS )jIi iild rs ls 5 USAII) s( )ill Supormii I lhsig iltr 1 IPurpogtse (d1 Ili Slralcg4i( F1~ll1v()rk 10
lssues I(Ic lifi(allmlIo l1 Ss II (( ilsldItliois vith NliV sio s I I ( m ntd11lil ls IlAil] ( i -Ihc ision -Maikcis H
lil r t l -cSill-N 17
lPri ritics ill ss s ll ll l mi N(s 18 S 1111111 1 (d ssli s I il c l 19
Rec ar-ch All y[ 111( Dmllissci lia llp roaclics 16
l~rccc~ c s 4 1i
Acronyms
ABEL
AEAAmerican
FISI) -IRI)
BRAC
BRIDGE S1
CI ES
I)AF
1)I A
EEampC
EIl
E FA
ERNXWi(
GDPl
1-1I-1 RAi
INISIS
C YIB
lREISOWC(
lRampDEl)
Advancing B~asic Fducaiionau iteraicy
FL(It1Iion ccihi )dto
zIiia litu-cati ofi~Siistia Ic I~ccopilnt
ialgladcs1l IuiiI Act ioi n mmitee
Basic RescairCli adII f11lj)clIltiton ill Developing
EduIcationi SNSrcIls
( onlpiIic an1WdII Iiicl-ili iml E(1ducation Society
Donlors 1 Africaln EduIcation
evchopillcnIilIIC fiicun
CI)iIloliIIicil ull(i(ILIcdtioII dInd comll hiliUcatiol
Economiic I cvclopnilcnt Institute (World Banik)
FItIcation l10t 111
FEicatioti IRescli Ne-twor-k for lest andic Central
gl-oSs dome~lstic prloduct
Health and I I uniain Resources Analysis Imt Afi-ica
Naltionadl 1(cidt io Staitistics Inionatioti System
ojpetdti(onal yeart l)It(Iget(
Regiotidi LU(-)tV )tI( ll(Ii )l I()dttt Support Office
for Wetand Cetit t icllth (1 SAII)
Resedr(l ad I eeOtin fficc of L()lticatnd
Intltittilottl lDexeoptietit (tJSAI)
v
SAAsupj nor 1-llalsis andu Rcscaili ill Afriica
SI IARF SNtclin to I1(1 I A((Oss RZ(-)()IIts (A1I1c I ldcatioii
SID) Societ I fi tri tiojial Iucomci
UNESCO LUniil N~itii K(ucailaIu Sciulllific and (Ot~I
UNICEF Uniil Nmatos ( ildyiri s Fund
U PE Iilim-csal I liillldly cii
LJS1 IDI) Jitcd St~tl(s cn(1011)1cl-IlaIIionl1CC~~f~l
vi
Background
III simlIctl 111 vcofloIIIU (fCvc10p11C1 Il IncaIIs impjloring pcoples living cond~itionls A dloe(eel~fyed cmOlltry haIs it 11101 litcratc hecalthier more
prIoducive and(11liwcabiU g1 pudtti o((5 t FAg lllJti l( vlel iif(d
111allii P0(Ic~wita
retllif itsii ~IiioI 91Voll auie tllo
Il)li llll tw)15 wa llveIi- greatl ceoim ioii il o l
wote(IiilIldcil
Ontile basis ofI fo teI-ctioiislip betweeni cdIleww andtle ic (d Ilf
[lie ind(icatlms ()f deelpil cli toullvd labve it is widely ~igl ee(I thilt ctifioii is it llw(cssalr 1iiugh 1101 Slfficicllt by itself eli itforet0
Oillcsearchl (1 ellls1r1tats thec i11iprallo () Iostfive iiiteigeiieiatioiiil
effects (it 1b1Si( ((Ill(i tiol Ill (ff(t tllt50mi and dillghltcl s ofI (AlI(cme(
parlits at (1 ( likely to) attiol s(1101 also) and to likv longcr atnd
Iicaltiliti lives This Isesp-ciaIIV trultefow ~le1e iIllieis
A~s iAfiea imItitgocs iald p~t(dill soeial ili clivilm)illiciltill (hlilge inl
tile I 99t(s education will ills() bc t1he prl~icihl ve iM Iocsponcing to
ing dj(Ic11001i( illstitiltioiis ( ul ltdling the spieIla (f AID)S m~ pNonuillg1tilg
pr1im]ary (1hlil(tiol1 wsill J)O ilctit iieis Ilitttii cashyto shapej gelier-tiolls
pacity toi ((lf (i these( lciletigs
Status of Educalion in frica
At inIcpcndn(cl( mo(st Afil(all (0111tles inher~itedl education systems that oF ered sclulOOilg I() a small pcIellgc ofI tile pj)llatioll Ill addition thle
pritnialy OJetle(IfI 11oc ((htt(dtiolI ll~l d d a 1() 11irill ]()- andt Illidlewepr
c~ivil servants for Ilitc (o l illilistlatioll post-ililclldcencc dcshyadl Tllc
vre~opiiii of c(Im ltiol attlli)tcOI to) il~iss foriiclIljoc hliitationi o)I
these Sste-lns f ooeInsteadu od tlaillillg 1 I e ~IlldlilliStrativc tIeetls ()I
ll1phasis tetl fOUtile tooi Iei c cii Olui 50l(Wll and tt-aillilig pti-soiitel
tile l)IIIrg(oIiiig nel Ig civil SelIVi(e- was now thec plnuary goill ()I thle edc(Iatin IJlgal
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
4(hnii 144l1114 A(14 4411( 144v115 411151Access(ilI ii 141 anlSo44 1 4X 411d l 11
11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Acronyms
ABEL
AEAAmerican
FISI) -IRI)
BRAC
BRIDGE S1
CI ES
I)AF
1)I A
EEampC
EIl
E FA
ERNXWi(
GDPl
1-1I-1 RAi
INISIS
C YIB
lREISOWC(
lRampDEl)
Advancing B~asic Fducaiionau iteraicy
FL(It1Iion ccihi )dto
zIiia litu-cati ofi~Siistia Ic I~ccopilnt
ialgladcs1l IuiiI Act ioi n mmitee
Basic RescairCli adII f11lj)clIltiton ill Developing
EduIcationi SNSrcIls
( onlpiIic an1WdII Iiicl-ili iml E(1ducation Society
Donlors 1 Africaln EduIcation
evchopillcnIilIIC fiicun
CI)iIloliIIicil ull(i(ILIcdtioII dInd comll hiliUcatiol
Economiic I cvclopnilcnt Institute (World Banik)
FItIcation l10t 111
FEicatioti IRescli Ne-twor-k for lest andic Central
gl-oSs dome~lstic prloduct
Health and I I uniain Resources Analysis Imt Afi-ica
Naltionadl 1(cidt io Staitistics Inionatioti System
ojpetdti(onal yeart l)It(Iget(
Regiotidi LU(-)tV )tI( ll(Ii )l I()dttt Support Office
for Wetand Cetit t icllth (1 SAII)
Resedr(l ad I eeOtin fficc of L()lticatnd
Intltittilottl lDexeoptietit (tJSAI)
v
SAAsupj nor 1-llalsis andu Rcscaili ill Afriica
SI IARF SNtclin to I1(1 I A((Oss RZ(-)()IIts (A1I1c I ldcatioii
SID) Societ I fi tri tiojial Iucomci
UNESCO LUniil N~itii K(ucailaIu Sciulllific and (Ot~I
UNICEF Uniil Nmatos ( ildyiri s Fund
U PE Iilim-csal I liillldly cii
LJS1 IDI) Jitcd St~tl(s cn(1011)1cl-IlaIIionl1CC~~f~l
vi
Background
III simlIctl 111 vcofloIIIU (fCvc10p11C1 Il IncaIIs impjloring pcoples living cond~itionls A dloe(eel~fyed cmOlltry haIs it 11101 litcratc hecalthier more
prIoducive and(11liwcabiU g1 pudtti o((5 t FAg lllJti l( vlel iif(d
111allii P0(Ic~wita
retllif itsii ~IiioI 91Voll auie tllo
Il)li llll tw)15 wa llveIi- greatl ceoim ioii il o l
wote(IiilIldcil
Ontile basis ofI fo teI-ctioiislip betweeni cdIleww andtle ic (d Ilf
[lie ind(icatlms ()f deelpil cli toullvd labve it is widely ~igl ee(I thilt ctifioii is it llw(cssalr 1iiugh 1101 Slfficicllt by itself eli itforet0
Oillcsearchl (1 ellls1r1tats thec i11iprallo () Iostfive iiiteigeiieiatioiiil
effects (it 1b1Si( ((Ill(i tiol Ill (ff(t tllt50mi and dillghltcl s ofI (AlI(cme(
parlits at (1 ( likely to) attiol s(1101 also) and to likv longcr atnd
Iicaltiliti lives This Isesp-ciaIIV trultefow ~le1e iIllieis
A~s iAfiea imItitgocs iald p~t(dill soeial ili clivilm)illiciltill (hlilge inl
tile I 99t(s education will ills() bc t1he prl~icihl ve iM Iocsponcing to
ing dj(Ic11001i( illstitiltioiis ( ul ltdling the spieIla (f AID)S m~ pNonuillg1tilg
pr1im]ary (1hlil(tiol1 wsill J)O ilctit iieis Ilitttii cashyto shapej gelier-tiolls
pacity toi ((lf (i these( lciletigs
Status of Educalion in frica
At inIcpcndn(cl( mo(st Afil(all (0111tles inher~itedl education systems that oF ered sclulOOilg I() a small pcIellgc ofI tile pj)llatioll Ill addition thle
pritnialy OJetle(IfI 11oc ((htt(dtiolI ll~l d d a 1() 11irill ]()- andt Illidlewepr
c~ivil servants for Ilitc (o l illilistlatioll post-ililclldcencc dcshyadl Tllc
vre~opiiii of c(Im ltiol attlli)tcOI to) il~iss foriiclIljoc hliitationi o)I
these Sste-lns f ooeInsteadu od tlaillillg 1 I e ~IlldlilliStrativc tIeetls ()I
ll1phasis tetl fOUtile tooi Iei c cii Olui 50l(Wll and tt-aillilig pti-soiitel
tile l)IIIrg(oIiiig nel Ig civil SelIVi(e- was now thec plnuary goill ()I thle edc(Iatin IJlgal
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
4(hnii 144l1114 A(14 4411( 144v115 411151Access(ilI ii 141 anlSo44 1 4X 411d l 11
11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
SAAsupj nor 1-llalsis andu Rcscaili ill Afriica
SI IARF SNtclin to I1(1 I A((Oss RZ(-)()IIts (A1I1c I ldcatioii
SID) Societ I fi tri tiojial Iucomci
UNESCO LUniil N~itii K(ucailaIu Sciulllific and (Ot~I
UNICEF Uniil Nmatos ( ildyiri s Fund
U PE Iilim-csal I liillldly cii
LJS1 IDI) Jitcd St~tl(s cn(1011)1cl-IlaIIionl1CC~~f~l
vi
Background
III simlIctl 111 vcofloIIIU (fCvc10p11C1 Il IncaIIs impjloring pcoples living cond~itionls A dloe(eel~fyed cmOlltry haIs it 11101 litcratc hecalthier more
prIoducive and(11liwcabiU g1 pudtti o((5 t FAg lllJti l( vlel iif(d
111allii P0(Ic~wita
retllif itsii ~IiioI 91Voll auie tllo
Il)li llll tw)15 wa llveIi- greatl ceoim ioii il o l
wote(IiilIldcil
Ontile basis ofI fo teI-ctioiislip betweeni cdIleww andtle ic (d Ilf
[lie ind(icatlms ()f deelpil cli toullvd labve it is widely ~igl ee(I thilt ctifioii is it llw(cssalr 1iiugh 1101 Slfficicllt by itself eli itforet0
Oillcsearchl (1 ellls1r1tats thec i11iprallo () Iostfive iiiteigeiieiatioiiil
effects (it 1b1Si( ((Ill(i tiol Ill (ff(t tllt50mi and dillghltcl s ofI (AlI(cme(
parlits at (1 ( likely to) attiol s(1101 also) and to likv longcr atnd
Iicaltiliti lives This Isesp-ciaIIV trultefow ~le1e iIllieis
A~s iAfiea imItitgocs iald p~t(dill soeial ili clivilm)illiciltill (hlilge inl
tile I 99t(s education will ills() bc t1he prl~icihl ve iM Iocsponcing to
ing dj(Ic11001i( illstitiltioiis ( ul ltdling the spieIla (f AID)S m~ pNonuillg1tilg
pr1im]ary (1hlil(tiol1 wsill J)O ilctit iieis Ilitttii cashyto shapej gelier-tiolls
pacity toi ((lf (i these( lciletigs
Status of Educalion in frica
At inIcpcndn(cl( mo(st Afil(all (0111tles inher~itedl education systems that oF ered sclulOOilg I() a small pcIellgc ofI tile pj)llatioll Ill addition thle
pritnialy OJetle(IfI 11oc ((htt(dtiolI ll~l d d a 1() 11irill ]()- andt Illidlewepr
c~ivil servants for Ilitc (o l illilistlatioll post-ililclldcencc dcshyadl Tllc
vre~opiiii of c(Im ltiol attlli)tcOI to) il~iss foriiclIljoc hliitationi o)I
these Sste-lns f ooeInsteadu od tlaillillg 1 I e ~IlldlilliStrativc tIeetls ()I
ll1phasis tetl fOUtile tooi Iei c cii Olui 50l(Wll and tt-aillilig pti-soiitel
tile l)IIIrg(oIiiig nel Ig civil SelIVi(e- was now thec plnuary goill ()I thle edc(Iatin IJlgal
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
4(hnii 144l1114 A(14 4411( 144v115 411151Access(ilI ii 141 anlSo44 1 4X 411d l 11
11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Background
III simlIctl 111 vcofloIIIU (fCvc10p11C1 Il IncaIIs impjloring pcoples living cond~itionls A dloe(eel~fyed cmOlltry haIs it 11101 litcratc hecalthier more
prIoducive and(11liwcabiU g1 pudtti o((5 t FAg lllJti l( vlel iif(d
111allii P0(Ic~wita
retllif itsii ~IiioI 91Voll auie tllo
Il)li llll tw)15 wa llveIi- greatl ceoim ioii il o l
wote(IiilIldcil
Ontile basis ofI fo teI-ctioiislip betweeni cdIleww andtle ic (d Ilf
[lie ind(icatlms ()f deelpil cli toullvd labve it is widely ~igl ee(I thilt ctifioii is it llw(cssalr 1iiugh 1101 Slfficicllt by itself eli itforet0
Oillcsearchl (1 ellls1r1tats thec i11iprallo () Iostfive iiiteigeiieiatioiiil
effects (it 1b1Si( ((Ill(i tiol Ill (ff(t tllt50mi and dillghltcl s ofI (AlI(cme(
parlits at (1 ( likely to) attiol s(1101 also) and to likv longcr atnd
Iicaltiliti lives This Isesp-ciaIIV trultefow ~le1e iIllieis
A~s iAfiea imItitgocs iald p~t(dill soeial ili clivilm)illiciltill (hlilge inl
tile I 99t(s education will ills() bc t1he prl~icihl ve iM Iocsponcing to
ing dj(Ic11001i( illstitiltioiis ( ul ltdling the spieIla (f AID)S m~ pNonuillg1tilg
pr1im]ary (1hlil(tiol1 wsill J)O ilctit iieis Ilitttii cashyto shapej gelier-tiolls
pacity toi ((lf (i these( lciletigs
Status of Educalion in frica
At inIcpcndn(cl( mo(st Afil(all (0111tles inher~itedl education systems that oF ered sclulOOilg I() a small pcIellgc ofI tile pj)llatioll Ill addition thle
pritnialy OJetle(IfI 11oc ((htt(dtiolI ll~l d d a 1() 11irill ]()- andt Illidlewepr
c~ivil servants for Ilitc (o l illilistlatioll post-ililclldcencc dcshyadl Tllc
vre~opiiii of c(Im ltiol attlli)tcOI to) il~iss foriiclIljoc hliitationi o)I
these Sste-lns f ooeInsteadu od tlaillillg 1 I e ~IlldlilliStrativc tIeetls ()I
ll1phasis tetl fOUtile tooi Iei c cii Olui 50l(Wll and tt-aillilig pti-soiitel
tile l)IIIrg(oIiiig nel Ig civil SelIVi(e- was now thec plnuary goill ()I thle edc(Iatin IJlgal
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
4(hnii 144l1114 A(14 4411( 144v115 411151Access(ilI ii 141 anlSo44 1 4X 411d l 11
11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
pa41i1I11ria (17 4 -iIIilII c h(V4I S(d1 1overtrshyfeilmg vlc 141 a4(1(l 4lg
so I)ll(dIrtcI aI 181 4 4111114I11 um11i44111l4YI 196 Owhe ICe14lo ll i1b-S
111(451 44 t 1( i I I m41 lc I IUI ( (1It )) pe(( 11 ( hi(It(-gcp j hl II
g [4 4 iltll () 4I uIt 44 Im StC (i 4 so Il eoshy1 415 l( S1116 Iv v)11 v15( ~ 1m all111 i ((Wcmi Re(lir (4Ic 411( It i ) 1() cIci4 4l l ~n i(-I
ii1Ill 1 mIi (11 14)1 s 454 1(0 ycW h1(4 l ic (( Im i lilt lilt I li fiti111 r )Ic
JliIq (d11Ahl 1( 11 414 i ( 11 14ric 11( (4111-il14 Il ImJii 111h(I-nhv( (44
pul ill
411 c 1~l14 1 c1l a It(1 1a d
h)ll11l14 l IllII it(b1 41 ~ihI44111111 ( 14c l411( iS11Cillivi (d COwshy
ju 0 l111i4 Ill (4i 4(( M ViI 1(411( iIl 4W I yhl( l
milti IShd41h It(I t 11111lilI 1((1114 l I (11-jum 14 Ii il h11 44Ill~ 14 nd i
44l4(ill ( I~l 1411(-I 11i11 ()ari liii 1114 I 55 11 II
4Xj( 4 Ill gi1111 I Il( (I I (A1 I() l(44l-4 w I shy
4(hnii 144l1114 A(14 4411( 144v115 411151Access(ilI ii 141 anlSo44 1 4X 411d l 11
11141I(544I14I 1411 lull 1((1 Ab411li lls4 m144I It 14 lic Ii 4444111 lo ill I I4
H 11111115144 add r t l444iims 111Iv~ iu4 Ixt e d IM41 I jil 44t (41l41)h 4441l illIll
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
(l1-aIlialiclI Illc(22221111li1 rIIc2IN (d1I11(5( Nim(2ks (i~i ll2lI 2 (21s11ilI((
alllm()Il(ll 11111011 M c 11111ls ( )1 I f 1 M - a v il il fI 111h C
c(Im1211(m1 Ii 111111 A 21m 11i221 h1 kill 11 p222iii( ilkl(221 12211111itticm sitishy
1121 111225 11()111 (IiN l2(A m11(HIII (d1 l I mii III Ow1 (d2215 2 -lmv-I 2111 II
(211 ( 111211c II cp-1lidilli12 pi1112 cdn111ml )1 111(125 (III (21112 I2(lY2il I
110 diffp-d Il l -22I1S 21I2 is pcI plp1 W2111121I) 221ll1Ix
t)il(I IS 1222 11215 2 2 1121 h 1(1 (l2lllliI1Llv21 hf 1g122mvi ligl othry1
r(jItli21 1 Ih 1122I01i~Ii c 2 (Apu21I i c((l 1112251(d151111111I (d1 Iii
I)1([ w 1221I1121 1221 (Xp2I(iIll12and1( Ow1 t ~illSI 122211 a tiII M 211l 511121(Iil
251222illll If2)I 1211 1111()15
I1 Il I(it(dIl 1 )112 (lu 21151111 bySc V21 li~ (1 ( 2111hv 1111dJ I5 1 vINII Is2 h2ll it(2II521122
w11(I1(I21 1211121 It St 11121c(Iil 1111i1 r22I) (d1 NI ll2222Iil1 I cL21 122 Illshy
1221112 i11111 12l 1 21121 I2 1 (121211i22I)11 dcw f lfl n12111il 1(1 m 12 I111 l(11112g
o ldI I S 2222 221 11 I 2j2211121 111121ipI l dilit ( ~l12 IlN I ( ( 1112 212j221IN 25 1112
( 11 21d 1t I1 22I I )1If215 12 I d III 1 an )III11 l I lh 11is lil hiliit (1)I
(Ill 11 1 ( (Ilhl(121( Ill ()Ild22 Iii I I2rIl) HP21 (11212 1 ()2 2 211i 11s mid(Ow
dil 12 I()ItIl ic 112I222 255 N(2121(mIIA (22 121)21 l2 Ip12lI2lv 2 icll (( pmshy
(Ill(( 2nllr122 12 2(2 li 1 lsIlI2I21 2 (l21i2I SlI(
Mi 1112 112 ~ilmi~ i 1(m2Xi21S2 l 1 dl~ 51112-5 11 l11g2 II(I1g(11 ili 2
1111211 Il IN (-~i ( r2S1 11cd 1122 ill Ilu 111111c (2rc(shy221m I h 122I5I 1rii (d 1
1 UN hh 111 2222 211II I1121 221 JsIcIllsI)N ( li1(11 12111i2 211 (dsl~ l1211
1212121 Ir I l (-)l2121121s11 Ij2 12112 (d1 Il(-(212112l a 2(ishy2121 11 mc l (d21i 25c (
2 21122 1121c 21
(111I 51111 2111 22 2 mll wil l IIII I jIl v (d p1111 111111 i
1(im-i ml~121f (ImIl i I 2111d Il Nj11lll ll~ 1111I21li lioll ilScchm -
Ii 1 (ll f21i1112 112
(cl 2 lI IlIfI1 21112 2221122 1211 11(1 2152 21 p i ii 2 12 1 2 idr i -lliIj 1 12122 1i
1)22122 11111 -f-Icl 12 2lI 5111 I 2IISl Ili 221112 11i22 11112 11121 1111h211111212lI2211
1(2 11252121112iclip 121122I W1s havc2211v f1121 inc212in Il2lIlc122152l
3
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
have becil avallabIc IM c(Illcilliml ill AfFica al-c its a I-cstilt I)Cillg wast(A Oll-migh [)()()I- mallagcnicm and Ilic lack ()f adc(Itiatc administraiiwshy
capacity
Etlultv All Ill( m (-(Ili( allml Ow pl()hIcIlI ()I 1)1()[S[()Il (d it( 1() for (IvcIsc (11()tll)s Ill S()Ill(- A Ishy
ricall w1wic climililicill illk 111c illimm Ow 1()(Sl ill Illc wm-ldl tli()S( 1111(hril 11() do) aticlid pi HwI11so li()()l wild 1( br Ilmll illu lll()St advallillcd sc11wilt (d dw ImplIL111(m Irlamcly wrillillicl ) Illc llltll()Ill (if (It(- 1111111 Imv-111( m lIc- 4 s (IcIlicd 1(( cs I() S(11()()I-Hl( cillirl Iwo m( id 1l11dc1-(lpp1 (d SoI)(()] plmr ill illcil Alcils ()I dw ()Illlll m hr( Ittt (d 11(It it illc liccd IM
mIk ()I IM (MIC-11(li)(111111(m m Illabilshyit (d L1111111(- l(I lippll ilw (Ill(-( I mid illdilc( I mm imcd with S(11()ol (111 (dillwill
Ill whcl (miliHics ((Itlllll)l( plmliml (d ha I( cdli( illioll Is by illc palll( 11111 m )ll 11111 ()It (H Is iit p illiill- Soll()()I Parcilull alld sm Will Iltilldc Illid Ow licavy (Icillillids p1lucd ()It vm1lig g-Ills lillic
c 1( i 1111111 1llull m f cs ill 11ilm )111111 Ic Ill Addition S(ll()()Iillg ()IshyI)kl w-W11c ildlul ( ill gil Im pal-licipatioll itild
pcl islcm r M (1)()()l (ic 1(I( llcl ( IvNI(mill hchavim guildcl-blasud Illatc-Ilids c(hl( 11MIl (d w I X Ic Illipm
similal k lollcl tild Icimill 1-ImIps withill illc Impillilliml lilay bc Irmlillm)111v Illid(1 hv illc ((Ill( 111mi IvIcill Nowlici c ()it Ilic cmitishylicill l Ow lll()l r Id a 11im In It 1( 1 mid Niumbla As it(shy
m 1111 m lcly m ( Ili ()It( (d Ow gi cawsl ImIlcligc 11( cd b a drim till]( 111 c1c( lcd Imst-ilpill ihc[d govcI 11111cill
will bc 1() pf m ldc r(plal cdll( 1111mill ()I)I)()l 11111M I( idl 1wpulallmls cSpcshy( iillly lll()S( illm 11ml hrull pi dNldvlllllgcd
In ( ()It( It 1(1111)1 111illy c(Im Illml Sl(Ills ( illi hc lcl lzcd as luldcl-I i11111( rd ilild 1)()()l 1 1111111gcd 111(1 1111CI ilig 11mll 1)()()l quality Avith illllcl cw Iflutplillf Ill I( ( css mid A ilmlffi( Will Ilpply
A I Ictill Ow ImIlldilliml Im I(-S()Ill ( v mcm lit It 1( t V ()i cIy ]I( klilp cd with wIlcl lugimi ()I
( milill Ic Aft P t I It ici Ili (d Ili( quality (d lis stock (A lp1lll I Ilk Ill CCll HIM C Signillt illil whull mlu ( ()IlldcI s Illm It I( It ( ()till )111illivck cXpcll(I a Iligul shill c (11( DI ()It c(Illcalion Bcshy
4
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
(disc IliI jIptilati(n vi 25 ill A~i it Ihas Ihad mi aLvciagc o)illv 2A dis of
Schl this pll lk cI( Mcid (I ml ofd litiliiIiii cc mIay wl(J) citlt the
flilil I
Main Issues
ina~ke IhI -I st IIi( Ili (I itIlI I usc (f wl IhI)Ic I csooII( 1( )ocff( I ((Ishy
(l I m (i ptmtlclk IIIl quiii Iidil dw lul ll vIii I -l
cliiiI[ IIIfII I cst a fuicci-hrl du liII(Ii cmc IIcia lit f I f I k II (-f(fs 1ts0t
Almj) it (d -1Iliclfi h~ic i I c ilko (icshi~shy100111 hM I ihI ~ c l Ilfii mscd
(ins ii~ hlii fInIIlti Ah (~ IllicIII f(tti (fn illi ii fntf ii
oh ~~ Oiii~~ ~ ios~ ~ if~v(i~ w fifiiili afut~ Itli 111of l~ii g((I
f cs li il~~( Owu ( sii ik( flul ic ( i mlstfl~i(Iwo 161I si l lst111c )a ( l c lis I
A~iioih c liSJun 1(f tchn Iiiflgh i nhcI s ilic II iil thu 11(51~scIII( iinidf lc
(Ilailyw (11Il g-I llI~llg -Im ti l 111 illi I At i ll thmlil )i iss-51t
chastniii hu Il i ( ii( i111k li( lml hcli 1111ii iiiiin it ( p S i (( ilmfilf ( stff1 hio
ihlIJ11 t(If piii f v md I llcIist ihi()It hi( l plilli itiii i I)vcom
An tlc I( d 1111 lic Ica us1( w 1ud () ak li cII5(
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Fund Fill- Alricil (DFA) and Ilic basic c(Itication carmark werc legislativc
Inalidaics (h Wing callic frmll the Icssmis Icarlad fl-mli the
vakiics cs (d pi cvions lics ill ISAID alld (1111cr bilateral and 111111lishyLiter1 Iclicics
A I c( (111 1uN Irw (d tSAI 1) wc ( ill IIrd mit h AFR SD I I RD c(mshylildrd 111111 illu 111(1 illlcl Iclatc(IlIcss (d illc pi ()b1cills Licilig ha-
SI( ((Ill( llimi Ir(IIIII r I IppI ()1( 11 1() IIIII)l m-Ilig Hit (d ((Ill( mlmlill scl 1( c As it I cstill ISAI I ) 111r Ilimcd mll 11mll pi ()I(( I assisshy1111( c h) pi ()-I I111-1cwl r S111111ill k I ()I Id Batik Ill(k (d Its 1()I( Ill Ilw (11 irswil(cs ill Alm a (midildcd Illal ()It(- piIm c Ir( (111 licild lilts hccli It Im It (ill I ssIcms 11(()1- it fm its ()It Ilic 11()I(- li1( kal-c (d illpills) lild 1Ir11cl cillphlisis (11 lialwc os It(( 1()l sm ( rshil how-willi dc-h)pIIIcIIl (d Ilic (-(Ill( a(Mil
Sc(Aw h()Ill Ill(liCs ( ()Ill Ill (ill 1111cc 111IMIS
I Im its ()It (IccI(pIII Illv ilislifillim) dilt[ will scrvc as tll( IMIII_ dallml hit suslimillhIc ( 11)I( Itv to Illipluincill p(jli( Ics and 1)1()shy
nIMils ItIld
Illc It(( cssliv to I( Illc c(Im llilml Sst(Ill its I w1mle WM k ()it Ili(- I)li( kiigc (d Hilmis mid IINtIllimls and Imt I() lowlis silliplv ()It illdividilill ( (1111milcills
Ill addilioll n Illusc Icssmis 1Illm 1)11Iliiltl( cv1111allml (d Illc p(r Sibilill(ls low ((Ill( immill hill hcglill [(I rillcigc Whilc Illc 196 and 19 70s m drrh )III )I I I II I I itI I( I do itI( )I s ill( Icc m I I I I( ( AI I (I tI I JvcI sill lit I I I Ill I-V (A I I( I I I I I I I I r 1111 sl I II ( il I I I( Ical I I irs ( if I I Ic I (N)s I luld c II ()It that Illu ild ( f )IIlli H M lllcvlll g this ( misidclilb1c FoilshylmvIIq4 ill(- 1(millcil ( milul(-It( r (ill FAII( 1111(ill Im All illc ()I)jc( It(- ()f IIIIivcIsd pi Illim (-(Ill( Ili()Il Is still SlIppm Icd hill (Its( llsslml (d whal Illcilshysilic (d it( css 1() pi iIIllIv c(hl( 111m) is M Ill it glv it ( ()IlllllN 111(1 vIIIIIII it (11cli mill Is It mlwd b 1111 ( all illl bc Imam cd
ISAID appi ()I( It If)lIsIllig c(hl( 116(ill ill illc All i(it hilleml IcIm-scills it)] allcirpt 1(1 11111 (d kil1( c(Im 111()Il 1()flic (is( ill cmisnaillts jild 1 (111 1cmll ( r 111m 111(ill (1(( Isiolls Ill( cd bv limst slih-SAIIIlim ( millfrICS IIIIN llmdcl Im Isisling Illc (d cdll( I(ioll cs Illc IfIcillis 1()IIIlpI(ic (11 p] cvImIs appi ()I( lics 1()pmr(1((l assislall(c cSpcshycially 1111migh Illc f(d1mvilig Imil Iypcs (d 1111civ(1111011s
6
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
LIinking dc(I)p)Icnt (A Ii(- ((Iticdtioni c(twr moslisutliliI)Ic govshy
11(1115 (d alwol v dccliuL o s ihillillu( toal-w(Iiii(d ilii(
oI kiing wvl IIi IIII p)I I(fydiiilI - lb i oi its I F - 1viC (oiiIc
ofal lii l (tu I )11c01I( u1()ooco O(01)111(11 Iik Alitiiuiill
~v~tioi(dii ( 11 lt Id nII I Il)c piogiin dgio adi in iilisin
illis(is 1O0(55l t1o 1( lti vit is Ioli ill(-lwo( oolt i mitii c
iin cm t(I io s N(i(its
ni li t i lifti Ii~i (if 5 ( oiitd ii(( mai ci lw l)(m s
ii ) Ic (mlm S Ig l1idillciuioiIf ffi i ll(dul iffcv
loito (itiliciII)(Il( tmio (-Il mf tikogiii (Isubicd (iodcitioilofieli
lids1001iV11 I 110w~m- ilt tlimi l(f(m)~ (1 i Iiiikii(I il toa(iliil iIsliid(
slsailhl ~t w h l l l d llc lIm I lI ti(lk c tIv7 (
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Cil)fLS ( f IllC I)I Ail I d 1l(S pJ)I giIIs L hac1((Is(([ oil fht(3d systeicI
USAI DS Objectives Supporting Basic Education
Ill 1111 mlI i m Ill (hr 1)[ Ill 1 S (-5187II sI If is Ow I 3V(I111 goial fo0r I~~~~~I 13I33 3IIPL 113Ii 3 ~~~Mf) (113331 (hllt is broadshy
33331113 111d1 IlI33l- planII)s33I 11i1-r m3 slIt i3131 I11 Ill( m312331
II1f33311133 ill I )Ylt clld3I513wd I Itllcp ]m3 I( Ili(illgthis tOI(I mill tfl( folshy
I11p1m3iIlg 1113-IlIIllic~ili3ill (d1 IIIII 33310115 b~11Ic(1(iIIIII
Si ld n~I ( m II- 33311 (r itlIlw I 13 Ut ( (- II 31311d il tlafWll 3911111-
Sil i( li I 13 mI13( 3 I ll Ic1113 kcI I llIIvi
cc(III Ili11 p (jc111i3 1 Im31g-IllIll ili(i(Ls3cs ill plll(ivilV
IIII f)1 -i11 I 13333 sr3 illii
CIli I pi 1)I 1311
111)hS1 d3 13 Is 11111353 3133 1l1I n I 11sA)(
T(3 ( V tl32I3m3~j( 5 113 I I ll Afrj((ltmiIli)mc
II 533 I~~)FY 1()hc I dc 1 lc33 Ill(bc i
hasi rcl1() 111w35 ((jris 3131 (1i 33335~ IIII I- 3 5III1(13131dm 3135illl
H m11131sll II Is ki 33(Ill(111113 Ill I11w 11113(I nI1133 h 3Ij3 11r (d1 IlI~-
WI ill 1113131ll l II )(Ill(31HiiMt~ 1m3 3 mil11iI ml (Am31 31i331-I hird s3I-(3fhj((-
Ilwj113 311 Ifillii Ill(Il Is si3111333 [ill 1315111 ic I SII) udm m31111
(Al1l 3h III351III 9333 slImcf)I( mrici IIII11r1II tm NI(i(Vf~3Sdw5 331- (ilil
53 itl~hIbI I() m53lII3 333ll 1113l iproing3 Af113 1111111al ha3tII11(i533f caacy s iC
ssil Iii ist lii 33 33113111drc3~ 1 II 13p1IAj31133lltIII3 (Ill
hIllI is35l311r All P Is1331tl 3 1113i53I g3I 3 (13 131 fil f I
Ill355 33 13i 11331l1 33131111331135 133tilli11)13 5j 1113 1( J3 ) a3i3f NicIif it 5((IS 1(0
increase5 dw~ perccillagit (ifil popfll)Ilil who1( are ftilnd-ionally lilete andIC
hiave basic COehhl eeucics 133 Iih Ilc ho IcI i ill Iii111111lIll13 IPij33Sd111it~s
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Caplital fic 1 (oiiltics IlIIISt risc Ihic proportiiionIi i hc ir jp ilt ions
thathasb sic Allct iit
iTIlC Cii igtt i 11S ti1i tl t i )h I l 5stc I v Owi Ait s liii itamcii Ike
siutludil (dIs s b
Iliisi siaui ivt Iiii (IIII n lfoidcIl)Ow i lt(L g[i)AilgII)-sip~u cd
cSlk twSS II I cill lw l w 1(IIIl m lIl 11 [ )1 h c ld s
Brotilr ndtl ( (li Nt~ t 11mr I ) 1cI(r ml 1picn li srfIcI I(t(
ltdCtaIlcil s 11Scdii I S11I( sl I hlu c iI Ic Ilic I 1ci (I( t I)
stl(( Beirts mentIl~
a-cc EquiabliOw (~rjbllig o]M pound(ols adlnsvics
JImrov(Ied( istucionfyal nsvjjjvo ~o lcs
Te(hng xh~k i alias c rltim it[suv9tis
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Purpose of the Strategic Framework
fllc j)IIIj)()sc (df Iic d 11 iwwlImA Is pIhlutiiiii v-INtIltli( k t( jigtucII
tics wvtii lilt m)ilftl fimiiiiwiii (d wflii ili )F fIf1()iiid USIImp
S~ili~tf(filfl III(-i plfli~t (d I SA-Jf s if hots III supplfilig hasil(
7bIaalvze flit noevwv mid1(tontexts oJeaivin AIirican education
stsNlllIii lfli iiiu his 11il 1111 dist-I ll lliil ]( It( filiinlgS
76) Provide tech inca asvsiatne to mnissi ons and to USAIL) J ash inglon Ativiuics III(1 title t(( III Aii p [I(i iliji III Ilul It lliNsil is III x55151
wmikslips awlt liiuImid ( milcfic(ii( (5 Aw(1lpim-ilii Ig iuitvmuk
Iitiijj 1 his NIfnIis nfcsigiied I( iiu ( leHiikigu huishy
it6 stablih UAMl) linlcs to Ihamp AVrIcan International and1( domestic
IPtoJ(~tsioltal comnitnunities hIls lliliIc (if snIjuii cs iisiNtm(
gIlitl lldilil f)(if)IIfhlii (Sit11iiIs(li ilils AndIufiligo
(ITS~~~~~~~~~~~~ iismhh0ciAd l )IlIItJl~ms Iv
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
ciation liese linkages will iiahit the SI)111I1) fAlitii taili
to mloitor research takinig pIlaie illtIh JnitedI States aldctlseshywhere Itat is eIevl-iit to(lI Aflitaul (()ItIxl ilihaltlt collai)orashylio1 and lialogli with llicani ejsciolihtlrcs anil recsnIt lISAIls a21lltiC agCndla aiil ie~nctI iC Afioi i itraltioj Io(tile illshyltllit )Hillalldoltlicslyth ((IllllllllllVN
The Afiai Burratis icomiildi vaitage rt5stllri atnl analysis ille illiI
Cducatiotn is twsdOfll Firsi tw ()ffice foil Sustainiable e)vetlopiimeint heshycause it is ialso iiiantlatcd to l)idt technical sliptpor to tSAII) olpeiatitois ill itefilid is wtll 1)(sitillitti 1() o law an aillvtioal ioiiidoitioln fiom pricttishy
cal i llsupititlg f(hoI pi leiit of edli(itiol SStll illAfiica Svcotid l)(0utI5( it is illtil iai licl Sl)l IRI) focus0s tl Ow issntes
m1os0t iit Wt te Aficilli I( ll(cxt
(ien this 0(Oninlativ llvailti cgtile ohlining friamework for the AiR
Sl)i IRI) lohil iAtiti|s il lvil id w k is that it hoetootcd ill tei issues rclshyl ll) 5s l) sotnnel that reshyeaillt to i ((lld t)l l sysltit ilisit8 tion1s 111(1
stlch +otiitis lhoo m it olw-fortoli te l o)f AfricanltuidOli )(tilt lfits too il)IAOO l)iiiiOl llttioiii i t Sulpportiiiol SAI)s Cial)lcity
those AFMis andh that pjilt cltIction sy)steiii 1ft0 ill(- bull sislnitillable
Issues IHentification Process
Over the past vci til SI)I IDRI) edllcatiol tilll has engaged illa coilipteshy
liensive proess of iItimiing ke V issucs 10)r Istrat egic frallew(ork for ec(l ishytatiollal alilysis aild rsetircth Tile sttps ill this prlwcss thlat have heel
(ciniphett~ ilchlth I) (msihtIim alnd il)lit (Il Sptcifi( rsecllch igetnda arteas Iom the ission)Is 2) Coiisltailtis with African policy iiakters aInd the illt 0lltm (( llllllllil 1) isillse (of Otw littaturt oil ilnshyitll(ll l 1(
provinig pi ini-yisohti cImlotioii illAfrica 1iol I) iitclirtl ainalysi of SI) 1-1RI) tSoiiIOcs i linl (ilpimity
Consultationswiti Missions
The first input into the developinit of a stratgic Framinewoik has betic consultatiots with Missiois Two activities have contrilited to this process
First arte the+ttcllnical field visits that all meme ers of liew SI)IRl) cdtcashytion tain rtegultly maket to ctitities with basic educiation ]rJitams These visits have specfilc scopes (dtwork but always in cludet identification
1I
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
of aiialyiic issuecs Sj)ccifilcaI l 1-clalLc( to imlementatI~dionl (of ill USAII) cdtishycal ionl pr )gidn Ths i irclsc cs
l~iQilibetr plcimc (df ill wiilCliIc systeiii-level chanlges thati
to1 iilc~iltcill ml (Am atLioil recf on) slippor a)lidiiiilvysis (d
th 1( ii tJi~nd t iii(Ill f(100) Odlodio
ITh ctiiicii l for dIcpIiiilg alevel rlevel )of( Ioh(foi(s
(tii(itmigoi I (i s fll~( asitili iisiiziova itfois p(c( digctS
(0 I Ict I e )( m i 11 i )I I I-2 c( iviI91I I uI() I I-[ mi~ ii gsint i ceii
jnitii ipthp iui 111ilulmIs Xliiil l( iiitsieom liwess ksl
IJSl1)s ili 1c10iicijlli 1whg 111()(ilioi ieefmiing liegeis alidtypes)
11(1 fiiitlamc( ann ildoiim Siiliitg oi hw expeituriine ltiiiijhl h o
(lii (ff115 ilmi iiilij)Ig m l ( iiii iiiliiig picall (dmres lt and~itiiof Well
((11i(Mitiiii aioimi (4 speci othv ifoilsilteolisl mills as (he uii-~ckne
(d 1)()mlilidiimait nd g id m ilav )i ilg s (f12i i
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
tribI)1te to dic iili il~tioii of Ilic Aficad IBurcau frino-iwork for1 icscuarch oi
OcscssIohI (df tlhu workshlop was (lOvoltud to cfufiinig Ih I) id rciu
W0vo i liottht niiIticaf agcndaI for lV) rcsca( li activitics Miission (1lII(ashy
11011 staffll i askool to~ l0ic)son to 1 itat ~ltii miias (IfdjISi(hh~
ilifi1111t jo askuol1vihil(l n(scaI(II 111d also~viu111 1( iducitif arca~s
ducy w ulil Slhipol I 61tfipnit~glill(ns 1ioI(( IlihIulhlicllt sFts i
lialthy til(u 11a hlstulto (1((lbu~ 111) to two III(alviicspctfi l(scach
activitics dicyI w~otl( likc to scc mhl(Icitakcil ()(- dic hluxt two) to thIII(shy
IR(gtilling~ (SuaihI 11 (id ilfolhhalihl isshics Missioni cuhluciion stafl gavc
hiighest prhiorlity to ducc( fh (1( alua s
sipgthiutig IcaitiiqIjtioitalujitv tt
ill)Ioil tuihttilt l pciy n
They gavc sccl( od p)11i ilv 1(o
iliIJltvihng (jhitaIc acce(ss to cohitcatioti
sti-tigtitilii lil tS~T base (chttlcmiohl fitliciicitig) and1
imphI(ihiig 1)oli(y-hmikiIng mtidl imI)Iuicitiohl
Vithl IInthuc )1(m cgolius 1hiiou scts of sin-cific tofpics lcOeeu mlost IttcitioiE
I catuhic( Ihaihinug (in u-sclvicc andto ihI-5liUc) and Im )1ivahtohlII-_
evalialtioii (tutuisnti i IIilng anud Ihlomiitlhfg plogiuss) an
+ stitilgihuetutlig 1hu ca(Ich1ool I(01(11)15(5s (iiictctsitg col)shy
hIiitthity M(011((lOcthagitng hplivatt schools)tid
13
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
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SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
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hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
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WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
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S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
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(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
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hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Conisultationis wvith Ar-ican Dcecision-AMakcrs
ThC sCCIt Iiclhp III hIII prit I( ss tiNi II iits(-l ()it cmisila~htiis w~iiii kcy Afi-ishy
(ItII ti 1c I ii liit Th I D 1AIIIiiit Iilid ii)-tI c I illv icli
mA ft111(i t11 1111II Ili x sijl ti Hvc (lI i 1IS I ( d fti I( Il kxi sscliS (
( mI ml i g I)l fillRI ) I1c ti hittt ill hi iJ ll dlII il llIttm
1i~lt I) hI(I ill itiilil t 11( f I fl11 Io ) ( jitdjt An iss lt itt ii hi litcd ()t
liil Il1 it )4~ 111 N I ti t A as t i ii t ilhiu o11111 I ti
l cd I~lllc llccIIIAI h AFIl yp s d a lii14s
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
lug II(- 11jj ()it (5 (3 I lllJI( v III ll JI lllI1i l (d1 13i(i(s pi3(3Lgl 1115
I iI-i1a (ll i al i ncrsis ( ) Ihc5 dim1(311111t11 3 i3313 1111310031 (1113di
si1 1 liMI 3(31111id dc(111l1311 it3 pc ictIl M(1 l 13111 (313 I Wlh3I 1133
nccd111 ( 3mH133(31(1II11 (333lic (icll miltifl (11 3ifi 3311m
ampIfll Stu(I1a phi(l3 Ilmi3(1 bc dc5N-(IiI l 311 I1r (mc (d133 3 3
III 33( his II1CI(si 1 I m1 mp 3C11 III I 1 111 I111111 ]311 w i h 11 1(()It
33113u (1IIII 1111 331 kI [ 111 ( 3i II1lc l is~ l Ill ll I t11I 1 1 3 3(111t(1- ila
111 I R I I I Im 13 3 1 I- i
Io1 Illl( I II Il II I 3113 315 I I51 S 4111)III( I II I I t I
h )i1(7 1 (bii (11 I)S ) 133-J( d i llI sh 13 ( 113 ( I III I
I N 3 I I I I I I I
I I I I I11I s I3 I I d1i I 131 33 ) I l1 ( IX g I1I3I1I cIIIgI3I1I3t33111
-l( that 111(- 1 31131 311 i 33l il1 il)ilc (c c (pIl II( n c
WM (11113 li( 113 115111to 1 11 M 1111cand cq 11(I
sca ( t t( 1 (()1( ( 1 5 ll l l p
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
sillJ)j)I mI )4 ) I tI(bIcS
In)) I I I) IcI
cqitIJJ)N il11li s11b ik
udiii k iiv (oiVu mimA n
111I(( I(Id ch l In
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
LiteratugreSuney
The( SI)I IRII) AI I IRslilII (OInlii iLI(( it sIIvcv ()I kcv issuecs icrl to hit-
SicI((IIciL IL IIIiLIll( L I hi 1CI(LIILLIII llIIIIIcjLS 993L1 (It(LIIIIIrL~
oIll ll iiinvivIddunnt (1 111 1~cstihI~jl JllCI l (lt LI i
hII i1111 l l IlL hri (i IIlsusI ud(W LL( limI(dII L i(LI( ILtic LI~
Ili(-a di (Im tmluumnin hank Wc ii an~~liluthesliuns
tilL h)IIIS 1( II I 1 t[()Il a ld IlL lil crilSil ic IIIIIilc USLII lll( L~~iIl
IlliL ~ILLLLIIILL1111(11 SIm lI IISt ~ ~ 111 ((IllS) IL TLLcII (1c licj II -illiIll
S~lLII15 111 ILLII N LL111 LLI II L I t(IIl(LII IA IIrIIII 19111PLL1IL 1~~lL
1ii( filIIII ilm1 l I hoiI l Illill IJll i lil hl 11 II Im pLS(LIIl (11 tImI l~IchL
WmIgld iSIlil)S ((ill LLII L lI m I ALI t I 111(11) (L Iillidig jIllh 1991lIS
hluc I llicn Itg I( (LI11 m I(LLmLL~ I IgI I Ijitvwwg Ir~ ay LIIdif
LL~~lliliL~l ) IL II N88LSig JIlldv l d 1g wil o LIIIII sIb Itihm llIII~lg i l~iti-l
mdilsllcillvt~fi wi it17 v msf m d m i c ri~D n
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
svhiilihi (uII llill It 111111iI ( Iwdt I(1ldIAII fl-S an iuilindi(f-c190 (11(1 (Al (I
rsii l ll Iuldhll (1 laIltli l 9 9 ( IIIIs c T l ic a lr il
VCVCI)II(III(ic A c gbe ll III os li fm id l( fItlisilv ihu I III)III I t n I)-shy
ca ha ml the fi(iu()II ()m iipItd Iexhon It l iC that lhiiAIDll(ig
01iii)ige1ieIh heoss 111 of eiilm Um Idrulilic ii ft cMillci( IcIIHII
S(I~lv115 il I( II ( I ()ichit il 1) n (J) y iiio( Ill (~d mi 1i i(Ii( i
iuli (d i c imIli It (- i m i i s a ls u i s I)l
sill uIIIIiit(di hI()I I(Il mi uiiil illiil i aI( is 1111 d lltI 11c ( I
0111(m5l its gIf1i1us huh Improigi Priud U Eduaion11111 IIej
uihiuuiiiii 1 li Im Sit)J)Ot
duic s( d11c1 1111 1111( I (I II l [(I(hc i l
(1 IY u i sk 11o Ilw ii ii ig i ( u i gsilI-IOU(11 i silh~
11510 1 as
Idcriis nIssuem ul( 1ilolllt loll Needs 1(I( tI Ic
hilso Iiii I( hutis Il ci umsu 1giiua Ithat ul 11 hu~ ll nm 111 ill Ilie iut
1111 5sis i xih iI ik IujlUiilu 115 S~Sfil dt1(011 1fui 1cli
Itl~iitt lii Ihsc I i t 5110 hAou g h Iuouifi illil dAIIIhlld iihlilshy
jesisijis ldiib Idssjfll ox IIt ii If d 11 eIc(Ii e(( l w(11cw (i dci llfijr ieV Ileeu~i h ( fing f11111Iui ishi Iusis S jaihi l uufhuujoU alousille irlcd
()lll(I~ lS(( )1 )g a ls il()Ilc l vi g al 11d t(t18tc
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
of research and aailysis Research (() lcepts within cach )opicwill bw idcnshy(hetseilitified Concetls lit genesis ()I acital iuiallytical activitis I lowshy
ever not all c(onlcepls will bw Iianslatt-d into specilic activilies in ally ivelli year lhelv are inttedied to mark thw areas in which tle SI)llRl) cdticashytion teaili ililoigh Otw ( oisutalive plrocess dsciild al)ovc has detershymined that tll( III IlRAA lpr(jcct -mild suqpport analytical worwk
Summary ofIssueshlentified
T[he )rce(h Zing Sctti(Ill iclawt( ( n in Africa thai haveissues o( asic v(dlitdti( ni Ieel iaismil ini th(( iniui so( itci s (f expertise I JSAIl) missions lricat educatioinal t(Ils an ti-ccill ]i ireseintionIte l-aliiic of these issues drivs in st(wtIil wmsw SImwt art geinltril stuch as imnplroviig harniing achii(ie cilt wlnih iioie naiiowly (4lfiile( sucho)llcis are as improvingmlath andlt smic (tu i 11i1ta mttc relalte 1h) lassn ())Il activities while o)thshy
ers ielaie t1 1 SAll) l)(rm-rdrct(s
This varit is it resti of ille dillcm ijccs aiong fortils in which issues were itis(l 0l IAIht atnl itiwj)(int 4f ihose wh( raise(d 111e and the nlalnnr i which tlh issl t-laistrs wcse roheld The concerns of tUSAII) e(ducttion lt(fi(Is (r cXmplh ie (X)I (-S(-( il lt strctutd st vcy Forshyil di5(tussiois miid inltiatitn v RI) F staff during theiton )I lt ittioii
C(MtiYst (d ltr designs hnd sltudie Afi-icai c(lt(tcl(Is viewpoiills come fiuolt[m oIiiml uiteetiings in([ t sltrictutcd srvcy And ihe literatire reviewed liilgs ioill st citltei1Rs of larger- issues to studies ()t spccific )opshy
ics
For the ptrp(ose of ]irting o rcli inlo this uneven oSrtlm t die issues are expressed I)th w simplyias topics and oiganized in terms of Ile ()hjecshy
livc lice (leh)ii edbhow
Thc 1I)I IPI)isaff has selected froin this lisi an een more limited set of items (WI cole-pis Ibsed (mii ( ellaiii criltria
hll coe l)t lmust fit witiliu the ()ljecivc lrce (all o)f these (1o)
The con(e)t lutist he (If concern to nany IJSAI) educalionl offishy
es in thw miissions
19
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Africam (Itlcators andri hc hicratitic l~cvicw(( mullst lgl-cv tihit
tiic (olcf)1 is of 5(110115 (0lcicl andiiciC)IsCIII1s at galp ill anaIliishy
(dl ild I-LlS(lI1h SI liCiS
BasdS()01 lS IlIc icia Owu (mml-cpts I thO SDI)IRD) IAliciioii stall has
p Ocd(itits aIlllytic a1gwil(f arc ciiiihiiitrl1l(A(lllilg I() (IIW(l jV necC
uchtitatioi sstiiis ilhii l llc1)I)i( w(cll molutpis ha~vc bcii idlui-
Strategic Objectivei
Suistainablie Eqjuitabile ProvisionI of Q1iia1il Baic Fdilcatioz
Iopi t(- hhhljo Naioi gttljuuiu ((if Fim aimul4) RehIII il
D~rgel-1IAigcL 3
To1)i C ]taIiIIig II I Nh 1uIt hI t i i) I ~Ii I 1I( I 1ip(lilohl Il ig Iiugicss Toward( Goals
1 6u1) c111 ill 1i(( hlillflellg jficit)TeitIIl i~irt~iii4lI1 Fthuin S
l1(4j)i( Evut[(1ll Mc41Iii iIili Lcajuon IA( ti1 FIglhhas c(11u~~s
( 111414411( illit 111cI l Ient uiii il1i11 liin lC p ct
h j I( tc144 ilIk and OII i h4llillI
Dqu 2 1rgct 5 Pill(dSlakchddIilcipalon tv16iabd vil~l iilVil of1css(()ISan chl(i
Ica1111ImPal 6( ipalioll
hllk hvim-c Si Ilmand~liI4
fopi( 114 i m 111 P )tall i m Ic sn
I
((Illllllii(s 6 ) c Fi-m kVa li i20im
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Strategic Objective Sustainable Equitable Provision of
Quality Basic Education
Topic Development ofNationalProgramsvofEducationalReform
ConicepLS
4 AlI(IIII1O~h 0 ( lo -Th1 iIntent i1( t -milflt (I1(wliol 11t
II( 1t1icI1Jt to3 (l o It Ilimic(wok that il l aIIssist USAIl )o mia-liNc dw1 (IrSigll ili( lilS 11111311 1 11111 mm1U31V (d Its cd(11 lshy
12(31 I)l )grl3lb 111r1(5icII slglil r IlggcSt(( I)Thi (d
r~ie)wI 111310311 owii CvoI Ii 1CM CkIII hII d IA Ij Il3( I ) M(3 ((Itll-i
lJu ) 11 tm iL I1mlui2) diu()i cut limu l uir( iv I humcv
insighlts ()If miIi 11111(h)1111~I(1( ii )1 so J( 11f s sikuholdc
(2iii it uiy b -u( rnIiNi (((lul u 11xiii 1111I l
clIc1t(1i iti (113 111331 (3101il1(( I II(g~~I
bili ng m111 11(1 13SiiltS of (I lllI c II~j ll()
1)((I III AI 11(31
( (it1i 3c11fi11 (I
19 1) ind~ ()fit (m if (I k(II i Il m 51 jhl(if u ftwihi 3 --- I I f( III (31
III t eg ( I3u1II ust S) I i s 13 II It i ( ijl 3I 1
S)IlcII 11It an i l3 i ~p~Iif I i l Fm3d3IlO toI 131(11(d 15I~h5(
a~tll1is3I a I) howllm)1(3 ImiV(Illm ilmlht 111 3I(311J15Ua511 ltsgV
tilti IS~lis tiluI p i21lgc
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
J)(Ii~iiottiandc J)I-IiflIIii iilm-iXoiuifli anduc 5) Olwn how to put
it inito) cif-ci andiikc- itgoing
bA(111(ailt)1 11 if Uicccnill1Xcctccdl cc Svrms-Alit~lyx(lkii igcs III
I)ccclci li---- Aniiic cc (ssIIc1 p( (ll(uS (illi
(ititCI M ilI his dc( ic liliti cl1cc 1 ((iii-cicc diia iliiibu
1it niIj (ii ~cd iic jccciic Sdciloicii 1()l dci cititc11lioijci i (-I Id
scikt-dI lisv notc i ii cc cid whl Iii this icLgiic IIIrcniii pci-
Topic L ISA) Supp~lor-tfiw NationialRefIO ini r(q-rains
Concepts
11U(I1(fll jAcsjglc Ji(( Iitc iiciicl ip ctde (signicoct
Iiiwii lits Ici an I lIw cijiltcici IiiiilSS(5ctliliccidic (ifiiud
1ilcic icc sci(d
Ilccs 1licsc ciciticicis circ~c cci uilcl ( ciitijcc icc ju()icilic 1
(cii iiicIsi (di [miiiipccichlcit cxic cciscIiii icc O
anidc Hs (dl cciilci P 11c PiijscInwscm
lW iiciIII
cls 2i IMhic 11 c is hi Ii ilifcijs ci1cjclc ci 1c11cd iiipclc Imiii
gidtin c c11ccjtii i cc Owil cci iicc uc1ticcd I i1c c Ir
cciiIcS fcl cc(l i (I c c c li III c11icc c clii hcc f1111ciiiic c
cxcii ~ 1111cd ci Iti()iciili i sccl icic i (li1Sc 1Icii awi illshy
cgiaiicc iuii( Icicci cs 1 cicgii clisIgic Is its Owc 11ciilicii1i1i1ic
fiic ic Ii i (Jicillt go ic i IIwcif 1 (i iiIl 15(di I SAID
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
El lo~nic 1 UIYs of A11) F cItmat1Igut Ut ---l ic()l)j i((()I this
iilitlh iiil (A m i~t I i (11ti I11 t ff111l I d ltil i i lit bv dcitiS
lila itlildl lv11tttI I i l1(A ~ ( iAM litASim Vp~~illA 11(1 t (lii (il
Vitittilit i clt tisshti ll i of ct t (tm--lit i li p ft 1i4 (h iciishy
hilc in u lyIml l11 w -ic lavi((23~m s m c
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Illldgciliill is iIptifiiiil(d( 11 ilstt i(-(XIIIIICil dic rlc of Ihc
Classroomi Ic( 1(Iir andl( J)Ii((usg~~ j111l )ItV lloi-cliss-Ow
j)I(ttioitIs Rcsl(Siih Iit111 1ttk it Oi isslic III it Hhijll( ld
((oIittXt Is hadllcritttui I t( JItsitim )itf Oit S( hitm its 5 a
i Owt l (]~ l hicuii[I johitv tttiiti 1
i iiit ifi til 1( lilvow )wItSI ih tsu I itt i( iiiS iti bcii si ( ccu l lshy
illIs iihvtii 1IIIIit (li (-(III(ili iii l t shll l C S iil h ili thifh
5(1100( W l I et Itt (I(t)tii( hibc
liluilt 8ii 1)) shlij shNiiIm il I i m i ill h l~ 1111(11t miii t aI l
II l lm ItS)llr c l111cI n mc ii l a
bc -etcli vte (ti cI(l I )(I t-( (dil f~Ihii 11 1(lxIs 1pct 1f
If eIm ene((Il (11m ji ld s(I 1 cli(1 -s)A(cloSt hidilli It)ilici-
pIImv iiihi( It l-i Sitd h ithhi l to tXi k i ig (ifss a 1)ii
IOi( I(uIr 111(1 P If (ilpim (11 1t)jtiflioug(L4 liippr sU(A(
Concept
+ Iit I(l(ivenesI Ptewco- )eiitsei~vi f til(hillgsi (dIcer)St
Iid1oiapo hics hit) li ihiosu stihithihieFulili ality o)fwyill-
Iti ucNUulilly scb c 1(11 t a d chisf t-Iethoisllg ando~cxmna-
IlIIIIISIIil s m Sh~[ u dschholSIll tt(hIIIItI(IlsI sli ppm Iig 1cm-iicI a iii
24
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
an d f01 uIsing Ilicil as iu(so)tmrcc(s and1( iiihowiiatioii generators forl
p~oicy and~( plaolii ig decisionls
Iewchr) AIdivallon aw1 ( tuics Ilicci FOCUSIuetlivs-iiu SI11(1 (( 011
ways ill wvhiti It [( it-is ast siakulmlduis it( provmdci a icuuic
lC(Olill J)Ro(L55 and1( gIvcll (t(- Of)p~ltinity to) tIIW lit altivc i(I(shy
ill j)1)I(-NliI (-I(o)p11l1ll p~icy foII11laltjiul and~ Lmimllstimalix
limst ltBl m lllmtiu1I I Iaic of(d V(( ()S m fitti1(Icit
mic l ) ho uo Js ilm lit ()Ir (-X~()I- IIicilmilsills 1() lmv mlimhlt thu( [(it( IhiIll~ fI( c and( im oIIs( Ihc suply~~f (f (oiiill (caI1(ishy
(fdtl(s wil ug t() w( 3k ill tlic J)iI( uss ()Il
IO)ir ltT)UUfl iou AhasuriiqW Inti( Y PLxva ystems ( A s~wsISil SI and )1U
ill the (il~sAronn
Concepts
SuIjm
mt ocweS-Aotivilics iiI (-lit taikc placc unidi this liiadliig illshy
chlu I) ( liliing Nv(ak ill piullhing togctlicr iitciiaional
cx mid fmit illipuuo fttV asscss-
LIinkages aliu AvAeSS1111l 111~ I3111 and the flacliiagIarnshy
ui 11 jIR t ofl(d
Ilicill nw1( ailliills and1( f)IIllc 1us-imio111ivfmlilg by tiluom)
(cg (lf)J)( IM1) 2) woikiiig with scuclcdu~ (omitj[IIJSAIID
f)1((gI dllls 1(3 ft( II1(3ul f)I( If((5s md (fisstIllil( 11lc rustits
()f 111(353 1() ohic (lIliS hmigli 1) an 011 illshyi il~l (Afiuamm)
1(I lhuls
Q1uaitatine Aleasr ( Avvs 11ghto~ A(tiiirs at the Seand Ibel--21 (jlltitatlivc wit (I ((all j o siioin mformmationi at 3011 wiat
fakes j)Id( llici u this i(5(carl(It 1jpfi-((lh is sciolisy liiiiicd ill 1111~rH4i()ill 111(1 hiighiigtimg (daiXly It~~ tihat ilif11lit
f(IciiIng anid 1(( 11iligt~lh af~(ilc fu-v agluuf-mm (cali
low1 COmi(iIm imig (fItimti(l rct(m~i h3(3)1I((111 (ffi(31t5 ijayt
illiI(I m( adics(( 0It((cl its mid a (0((1iltioll (d illc go 31111(1 mimics
ill (l idli g Id5(ili is d(l~l~ I )mifom tummmatcy hItllo1tshy
mulciito1( didvu(3j if isc skills hais 1)(1 cii ill OwuIiliimiiid
Africammuotul 1Imul Iiuudiigs of dLltstammimg Iitiumsaml
that locuIsts (m ithc Almal mi ltux Immuist 13 diissummlllatcd i11( All
25
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
rican educators must ilm)rove thcir skills or learn nev ones to use
and apply ihis research approach
1opic 7xtbooks an(d Crriculum
Concepts
4 Ihalh awl Idali tkageM-NIany of ilie instructionalli pirobshy
lets Llcc(I iv schools are telaiw(I to Ihc lilhh and1(I nititional
status of lile( all ( li laititvchild-ic child qnluality-as w as to i(Il(lnilits(Ito )l ilIluts provi(de lolicy( This studyseks t(
miakirs anl hottots with a halimok oil sltlool-basdI hcalth and
nutrition itttl tlAltiols (Sl)(-iIlyIill l cAlictni( olltext Such a stld might I) rIview existing lianrure ald projects on schoolshy
aiscd( ladlh itlrvitons 2) c(lstrilbe exisling pirojects al(l the rangelof intrcntion options and 31)discuss issueis of co()st deshysign andl 111illmatln
HIVAIIS dit(alimi mid 7ilagfi Igina u-4-1IVAIi)S statistics presetsrIlt a )i( tt tihroughltot Africa like iutich of the rest
of the( world lillIen aC engaging in se-xual activilies that put
themitat risk for SI)s and IVAlI)5 atatagesyonger IiI a(l(lishylion the ercietlg of yong girls who are b)ectu()ting peglill
an(l single parlts is on the inlrcas lnitlitlivcs rr(I to FOCus o1 prrvo-tllioll ctiitic~s anrd to1( Imlhsizc i(liling S(((d-Ig( chilshy
dt To a(shy
Co)Il)lisll this u1tort information is aboultrlitiitt sexull practices
ind activities highly sensitive ani( traditionally taboo olo)i(cS Reshyser-chMiceds to Ic conduicted Ihat de(tninsirates what kinds of risk bchavior exist aid how cutrriculll be devclope that will
cialei stu(lenis Itomake itifOrmned d(ecisionls
(rolil ittib ioteioi to nl (lisease ln(lpteglialtcy
7airget 2 Pari(i)alionof Stakeiholders
7Jic Itn Geasitng l(ariciJaliot
Concept
Dejinition of Parlici[atiot-(iven the importance and the interest
in partici~pation issues it wottld ibe uselitd to think carchtlly about
what this means for USAIIDs e(lucation work illArica Such an
26
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Il1fictldkillg wotlIniivolve ti c(il)j-i~ o (dIlcIlIlII((I pll-icipa1shy
lion ad its vadIii( IISIllallilngs Sf( ILI tll()llgllt its 14)wily ad llho
Illcvilhols ( l ( rpJ)I( ciipImJi~ t ill Illiml If -If all (AlII l-
IlL nu ai dl ailiilg iw l(d I pa-iiaImliilL i ~I c11 l(h pro)llowd
ad (lcS ipjlilml (it huindchi c~(S If) pa~l Il(il)tioll an iicLgg(51i0 11 o
(ATHLOilLIlg Sit )I)IIciIls
ID)i( links luiz(e Sruul and( Uf1UIijjl
Concepts
IllntIllil (I UScoo oub I i Uri (II ( ow do zol )l I(I (11 nfL (tV(11y (111Md
S(1(il I-Imscli ml i~lIcill i u l Ildgu (di S(flI~ml (If )luiligWha i(
(0515 Is ((mill tjillrd(1IhyVt 111111( II IIImilcI wil I Ill Isand li
plaI ll lhLlIigl s( iI(UII I(c(I(5Om)lI c(s
o (1Y cihs i(- oolu ill Idluuiu---4(~v AIID (Iiliiv(s tllIL (c
(51(1(1I N j (mI IIaIr ci iiii c MII11Iii t ( s (d N(( )s I( m itI cain
m IvIXI csIIn (If ii (AmSIi1(11 (ll Im T 1(11 is iltl Iv ( IIill ILISi ID
ithj~~ IiiIxicm wSS N(lI()s Smlli)jo l Il (IcilU I() mLJIJkcS
mostllIC Iis 1 (dI~iIvoiitcl u Scluviby l a (iAlc iusll ~i ~)g Itisc (lit( ii~l 1(d1 lNf P smi) Iti tc d y ikIV I rt
27sistob olsdlc
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
ill tile 1cfolIln process 3) hlow minIistries ai11( ollorS Ihave atshy
temp) use etc1 ted to AILs
7nc Sch ooi-hased I arii mi ion
Concepts
PonIuy (ha ILi 11i utii (hamvio )eenpwt-() miieo(Ahica at
growving imI111im ) fexitimm)Ios anid Inlitiatives illustrate a iocs of)-S(I
rc210 fi hIMks giamsst so 100ll0 ilI i oi~oi~s N0)l11shythat muts c~l
tional j)0)1iO1(N( lilgr Ill Vlliol1 s (Ii() )-hasOO ifdl~ Is ari(ilatc(
as at sit Mc~gN tot jmohoN I (Amiill Ixmimmjlus inmoliltc (oIllhmuIllitNv
Schmo(dk ill Fgxjii Ismmil Nucova ill (duntiihiim imi adiliaitmm
pocIsill ( mzmtoiimmi~ l ilmmglimocslm (IW( ) milmig wthmeiS
lhmete ti(til 1)h tvjpt- (dl tIlitiN1( a(oivitios witii tfil CMI1shy
((j)t I ) jut11l toguthim atlao attof w~ithi(5iv (Xp)(1icltlO mitsiohe
of Afica~ ill whlich gi ilsSrfli imttIS ls ( 111M1ll ( mm-ttttict015
to tnaltiotm 1) ICIichm 2) CNA1iiitto cXp)02 10211(025s ill Alltica parshy
ticummiay v ihmit O with nIl( ijioim Sup)shytim oitm is I SAIl ) 1)1510
jpoui 3) 1)1 1(io fill[( icli Sttjjmuit aind iii muidmtic Iesvaitch
o1002frmiuevm k t s issimms thal suppmIji this aj (ijiIoh tin-ommg
place at Ilmo miol Imnmk (I hommvolol) and~ tJNI( Ii
(lh(1 Ily tit whi lboukis-hIomugi hum bhavimm is sigiifishy
(CilifthX itlfliicilO(l lv oiih1turaiivh-defiiti ooh i itm Icats (d dim ooe andmo
of ttioiis1Ocsti ihiiiti()I m thmwii isoilitioti umo ulhtimmate itlttIomil
ill ftio (iiOotmll 1)1i vs5 Ilcill Ill ait ifi ji ImtIot 1to impminuienit
ill 0lXlj( moitltt ic5 ()It this islio ha~s oloimlmittiaolA t(me tmo((oSshy
sily ofI imlmiohilllg [cmhmvi 5 ill dw 11d lomtiml to omitshyim h ()Iiilhg
fillm moloum Rcwsoam hi IllmIictm tmeooh(S I() lbeill agoicllils all(isstoiots
oiit d Iloll 1imill at too hotillitie I ) dwm immmpoI (f temoheroits
jihiyhutkvi midmew tfims mo(I( iiifliom s (ohm(mtimiml c1(011
inithitives imiod 2) wdmmi loi ciI(ii hoc imade to bettol preparee
ieamhmitis foot 1lm(Icilicial I(lc
28
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Concept
(111i(( it ic an dA (Ili etli ldcf ( l Ill AhRt i l hcet dIndiailo Ishy
pIi llSitl II fwii I ll AI 1)illt Illdi c I llt J vtvi shI ftshyh llSt i
Ing 11 (hIlll~ (if mutjS I ysdr lIil ) w~hu(1cliithi (111(1 (Illtshy
flu lId y li ml s (IIIc I a d ilii c N29m s I m l
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Conicepts
PotllIt t I I i XI II hItitI es - I t ion csIItak i bI Ipl it yI( oIi s
litoni illt ll((( 11 ( it 1d IoIt t 111111 It it
(1 ll u ll IIi it 1111 1 Ill It -it i i
I ltX 11(m d III INYha ill
I ()t (I II Is It111l claii t( g
(I Wi~ I t I Ia I t I III tA I I II( tI 1 1 pc l iiipcl akIt ii ji
Io)i)Jll 1iiugIuum aiu Sy r 11o 1I)4-[ 1iwon llu
(onl ta -lli 11 ( rfo r cptisi l i d ilita
lio1111rl ald rilcill Id il I l--I (() sd l h illg 111 iIp c
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
aici t ll wu ittll D ) I I) il ts Inttt~ til fll~ da(1 dsdi
5(tt~i S ll tt1tttt 11u()ijtma tihf iiit ilk-ll ti ta it v ail
Ibts ui l lh il0-( t l~gii hithiclllt tailtit-iali x11ciuuvc
1)(f 1111ti it ii 11(1k ti~ rll
eiitlilc lt sul ti S l( iljlt it 11 jt titiu ttl(ti~
llI)~ 11it ( ci (til Ii i ist itcd Y if i tittl ()F~
tIjhfuttu r (diti uut ~ ItIth 11Hk ttit(u M gial (
ittiistt 1ti ijjii Wtit if acturIl i l sti 11lusot1()tas iligt
hgtoitt ((l(him gOwus
f d I uill I )ul A v cmm ss soh ajshyl U ( duIl i )111 1111 I ) iJ() )tt
pahu d li p I i I 1 1 l 11 I)Il m c i Ila
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
issu(IC Ofhstcrilg inlittitionial capa~cit[y to scck (mit stakchotder
paruticipation~ adf ma~ke usc (Af it iii oIccisiohi-l1IkiIng planning
largepl -I Eqaiable lDistributi ion of (Goodsan~d ServiCeS
Conice pts
4 hIn ntatin u Prc III (initaI lute m winl inun iIrv Pawents Si udenis
et ic-I prA)grlv I VC itS I11(diIIs (dof isoutiig (Iiltct andlltivc 5(170
stiooslii ~(Ii aliVhily n II (( )III(0tlosl (OII( IU II 1c(
tillam---Iland citii burdehiiiI s tOO jIs sii mIiit d wf( Im Ll
cul( incii tlit(o ko (df piitr c hil fdit)iijii illIid (((1111
cu oal df l to l) tugc It mlpgI tlj P11 As It Is i Xlli lImI( o ond
(11050 ild)OlIwc I( tooth go P0(d Ilic lIs ( u i liaidgel ( )lams
crto i0i01 ( w kow tfI s teltit tlIcII f gl In oII t
tiooiisiI ltichtiAs 11ioov iiui s f()1(d IljlOll s too h) (Ig~~sti
TI Ihss t i sIII (q( 010 I i l ilist o Im mo ((II( i otto 1111it ol Il I( il
halvlc hci 0 A 000l ll cdk11) t11i ( MVllllj l l loo folllt(110 ihll
(wilc0 O lhou 0 bi il oil k-ii5 l toI l~o tilo 01w1011 1 Io()II sh s ti
illIolhlIt MIMS) ll1 11WHigl( Io(oo I0 111 All l ilMIOd C fi 1 o(I i l
( liioc I io Iolo( h l v Yoos IIS-l111(0lulem g It mitics and N( islcl
Alml ss o lIIo Abtoot i tilg Ill 11110 thiclm logillsi tvj lofi oshy
giul-clil It I hIio I l i (d c olhool tS (nlfl ml (il )111m1 l lt
djObloOi( 110)I (nio m ciiioog (iamIi gi s I()01(iio (Ila Imj ~ tolltr
t11iC ll Il l hitd (11ll m l d T giuihi lu 0011 l S 1 Im lluw~I lit
ill(l a lm m l lgi ip l )m lcsIm d I ( m 11 l II(32ail
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
launch a programiland ile requiredresources and little le and providc i generic evalttive frmenw(icvk
7pic hlrah larticiiation
Concept
Proeess q 7)a tslatitg (iris Aducatio ilo Social (hango-COrrclashylions between girls fdicati(ll and a series of social changes such is decreased fitr ility i ncrcased ch ild( healtih tc lae ftelcd cnshydlnusiasm for cciticating girls New p-ogranins aild policies deshysignicd to plole girls cdiwlctioll are lIeginting to appeal in re(spoilsc 1t) iwt ilfim I suggested by these cotrrclilionzs Ycl to guide IlII fwcus of tihse l)rnglaIls anld licics liltt rcscarh has l)cei (- cll1(tc(l t I) Iivtvoi-t( wlit aspct~ls (dI tilc edu(atioln
f)Ir)((ss a idI0 w1ltt (hlilitioll (d ((ll( ltiolm (ndtnir oyYeats of for1ial schodilg liter(my tlt) alt sigilificanit ill crcating tile dcshy
sircd impacts mil 2) whal clllgcs in tile gil Iwlw receives tiec(Itcatilt l (in hcr Social and tcmmilic Iclationships ill her stashy
itls ill hlr c h avioi clc) call bce related to hicr llainlg fewec chilshydrenl having lnoc callhly ( hihhlcn clc
7Irget 5 Inrrased Availbility and Accessibility of School Places
Jopc Student Plow
Concept
Ieetioti-Ir-otigliout Afiica high rcpetilio rates are viewed as o0e of tile major fiaclors eroding thc efficiency and quality of education (offe+red and linniting the availability of school places Reasons gilI for 1eltitil aiy ccording to cmnltry and to who is offering tiell (o(rinlcts want to) redtce leplilil ltes as tiley (ill Iili( ally l eas tie (st od tw (ltlclioIl systemil )et icy arc ofl ti1siic(s(li1 tiinhess they ald(lhj a1for1 1 A tlllliic
prhmlotim lRcstica t111)wyl stuicnlls rpef t Wily palncls aild tttlchcrs oflIl vmlliage tlici rCl)etilioll wilitlth 1n(1 IomW stushy(lilts lInm-fit froii rpltitill and what effcctively discourages
repcltition V()1hld bc of glcat use to goveriliiieiits anld dllrSi atshytenpting to (foal wilh this piol)Iell
33
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Criteriafor SelectingSpcific Studies
Withiin tis fraiaci(3rk Iicw III IRSSI)I I1(RD stalf will condullct m3id (Aol1I1is-
Sion1 anialysis and( rcU5(rci( sttl(iv5 IlitV Will (Ictc3333i33 3133 sub1 )j(( and(
uopf(dcach ()f tlwsc stilt(ics (333tl3Ihchaj (dItlits (3it( ia3
1prs(331 5t13(1iU5 SII(u31( i355st MSSIm3si (333(1l I SAID) (3lici3I5 and1( 1o3ul 3I33(33t5 ill H13cH c( lim-(11(31 1I3(V 5I1031( bc33 j
Is tIIt sill([ (lil-cmI1Y ickr-iit I() d13 (33133 s 111(1 mt3( )3g115(d
1335t tlV(3 Iii(33 gm3-r33u31(33135 1133 SI) I IRI I(I13(illi(o stall
haveilr51 v(w (Ims 333133 I Iv()c I(ll Il 1(111(311333 (d13113(53 k 3 5313(33
I ic13 (3mI~rr 31( 3Scic (11 315lv 1133kitj( 1t(3 I )tc 1 3(3( (1311 Im
()333353 (d -()3k 3311 p I ()(-I a I333(I p3 (I Il(- (((I(i I3I1 m13sc
((3o 3iccri5 p)3(3i(cIl IIItis (133 31133(3 Is il 1Isi I(3 (l((tt3illllg
fii(i-l)(3r3 i31(i(5t Ill imiilINSIS 11131 335(333l
Is hIlc studyl wg(31133(1(( ill 5j)( l( (3(33333X35 RC(S3tl1 sI (1111d1hC
ttltili( (scckillg g(3133 kn133wI(Ig3) 1133 pl)l33l~l1 ill (Il33(ttiohI
(I(isioI-333lkilg 13( (1l(( It(313333I m il3l byVthi1s 3(v3w is
tiol tlit 133k (31 im-mit33(timi3 3ueol (5(3(1 t(m (I((3t 161ttl ik tIhv
i3l( 33Illil 333 It is all Ilist it Illt Ii( 3(1 iI33o1 33333a fliltit3 (d1k 3
1)3s it IliiI(I 33 33(d 3(k( [Isc (It txIstiilg (1131 St33(1i(-S sImlo31
j)3ttIIt(I( tll 333(31 1(1 CXt3lSiVt (()11t( MI131 j)l i3333y (113 that titt1iils ( I)t1X licId i3t( iviics ( )It(() l31c ( ml35itf ls3 Him3
eitt-g(s lj1hii Illu lvvic(d~ 3 Iit(33133(c 11d pill3 it( Il3l 31NIll(-xid3
bl (I l (3a311(c3()Ivi(ti( 1333 IlilIg (131(1 c((3 3li((333I 1(1(33Ill
olitsitlt (d1Aim i is that3 Ih3c (33(1333(333 I3(( (d1I3 3(Ig( I
(13331 opp1JIi(( Thlis is l t( 3 i(3tI133c 5(Ill ItI(33 Xilc(1 i
is it gap lI(aV(ti I( (Inill33 133(1a(313333 Mid( Xwl33 3 Illpill(3I (Ittte to) I133c 1(3k (d1 l1a1m a333( Im3(3t(i3l I3(5I(1 u d13c3c (333 Ic(live
ltw Sysv~t1lti( (lmtIs I33 list it h1(353 (dI (3ipp3Iioitt k3(w I t)
34
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Can it iivicAll icais its anlalysts is vell as ((mt III iclas Rcstcilc
fs in igs It SII c)II(I c tc lic i c(1 ill(h ) iStH itlt I soitm ()ol
list I~cii~II I l mw miliipo (dIiistu dyt (w ~lIchJ )111it cSm-
Ih( i ll~~ Oi tlt I) Ill I) lli oigliTllc SD~Iillg J)II ic II)I[j~t
Hts~IM FIIIItm (0011 Itj) 10s I t w1111(0l milI~o( 6011 mciOw Icsilcshy
bc III II lchi()thtt 11 iitost ((II(thimto lli lnstl is nolt5
IllIic(gidin((0 lilCIltioi (ill ftSDhit IllD( 1o (1011Jghtti ( IR
iitg~ ~ ~ 1iI wJt5)tifI1)1suopi til II ii ic (l owsti supilt I I 0 iCtishyli toit
ist~ii i llltCh nrl its midio i i mgthlitsm sA lli cca(
0)t~i~i I sfioliitcsi tl tlo O 5 lk lo0 IblIll (Ji(ittiol w (01151(M IMi IC(
CO~ittii s Atk ~ II(oIi cir slic ( SoIII ~ tlts h iIlolcjo wi o lo(i c( ligilt (d ItiilS tot 110 llt- c 1() 0 oo(t i Oll~ltio i ai dsitio [m1 al(51 i ICshy1iC ( t
((IIClt~t 5( tIll It Olgco Ii tilo tii nios l tiguuo m1011 01110 isgl iralltco it(
itstai c i l Io ikoi l101 tmilts Itc is Oit() too thiulilb tcsitio i Jclt I~loo ilp iitlvl buttol illwa vs i11I (o thu htogisr (iio1tl oo~ivvoo
Callposswiiblitg hc ( ndIuw ((11( aal
abeIcuin DlID 96 ldhldc35hs lo
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
Auidieces amp Clienits LJSAIDI Field MIisshin RE l)S( Sand U~ SA II) Vsl IitII gI I Il
D~onors 10t Irit an IAlcion~t
V()sl N( ( )s
Iaiirc of Rcsearchl liIit liig Nc~w Tlhmt iial Appoaic s
Ficidl Wmik
Adw( M v
Research Anialysis and IDissemn ation Approaches
TO( ()1 t OwII a it( It cmii i liii sn11 It inewu1111 t l lt ii iii IttIuIOils mcgic k
dic I-SDI IRD 611 ho()k Ill vll 111n X (~mall(Ill Nt~ll ()3
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
not1(11 1CCSLiIl ( laysIiV~sa diru hmIIscCicCi1II Ilic LohlC di5sciiliII illdi1c
IiIVN 1 IICIICW (II I pOfJ 1()lIlI 1I hc( SlI(5c (ICCCighI
A SiI IIIli iI I 1 c pII I m I I (ICICC)ICICI(I)p C Is ihiII I Iali 111 )1II1mi II cii cIl
I~c(cCI III bct CII14h CIiLIIIc 1( C[IIIshiCCII iiiikicl 1CCI Illilli ICC (xpCICC1I II ll Ill(shy
(Iulck ic~piCCI(dIpCIIIC 1I1IIcIIIIlcS Iis 11lICCII 1 iskisCC CI 11 I1I1CCIIC)1I111
d I Id N ICC Ic it ~i I C)ill lidC Ili(-IICIIIcCtv AC i CII V liI C- if I I 1(ICCC
scs khi c u i( I o k I(Ii t r tt p -d a k l I)I il llc Ilc 1 1c
illm 111111(l I llC 11I 1 I CII IIIIIII ICC ii )C C C I JCII
S)(I(~ kI1CClo111il I c I 2 1 I ic Lull hl ICC I sICdc 114C II ( liCC II IIN~C 1 I C hip
11111 CCI IIkC~ ihlclt CIIicwmCIt hiiCIC lii m ~i III~~ doWv (ICCll mCot ii
I(11C JI c mI v~ CIC)Iv C H)I~ I lilt ImcCI iI1 11C sd(C Il i(C I( IIwII 11iCCIC I
1(11 ikICSC ICIC Il (111 I (1Cl I ICm] Il I~ic IC I V k p i i~11mvCI(I111111(d
fCissiCv IC IC IIIICCICC ICCm Ili C()Ill( iii IIIICICC I (1i1(( I(IrCol1) s CI(d iIlvi
IisICpm gllIcd1 1111(11C(ICICC)CIallICII( ) I vI I~cC I ICI( 11 1C li C I ICIC CIcliC NI
(gci iC ICI cCiCI oh iciI SC IItI IC CI I I IC I CI ImI IC )I ()lII1m CCC JCCI
1511 iiCC-ICIm sCIC1Clilgh CICIICII SA Ili1~CC hICll dlc(1 IC Il C~iIC piccII sWi
isll~I~I I C ICI)CIIIpI II SI IC I 1(111(1 lct 1( IcC 1s mr)CSSCC kcCII 111 dCCII sS
DONOR POLICY
ANALY ICAL 2 NATIONAL CC W0HK POLICY CII I MI N JI ION
ADVOCACY
37
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
lldvc Iesi533Ic(S 13) ffrill stippml)O (amp pf j)grallls I li irc aligiictl with thcirshy
lilIilig a3i j)i3(icllc (m1 tils p)li13 i11lc AlhIotigh po3li( y 1)osili3is 113i 11M1
d(1i( (d1 J)Ohitik3a3 (1 i3lc1113i WvigtS113I 13113 loc11ies Wild1 1 I()hc
1111( 13311335 I)s(3h (m 313llti fim1111(l1I(S)O1Si3 tu11at ill 3(1
thiioiuwii iflii 1111)111 jilt() hIl p)33it v 3y1(l (d 3133i1S Thiis 11133w (it I ) is
jIi(ImAs 1 1331rS 1 lifild h1111Ill I t l alI m3v ill ilc i1l)hmv figurel
y)3h3 m3c55- i i caliit dc3Ilfit1 r illIl phit p) ill du1op131in3 (u1mm-
11(h(IUsIllc(3iiiJ 5 1k 13 lill0 i ta cl3ilil3 ill iilc ]()tI(( i cy)01(
103315 1 lc33 ill 1 13 A(tl(li ) 1 cs i 11iilis (m )) ( lim 1111 Ihl t g)3)hi(V pbic~~l
adiv((5 h(Is ((idi le (dgt1 ~(h~5SIciig m51eISof thleiai (l f)iess Aillcie polei
5(1tk 1Idlu IS ho111 IIli(hm aik-s (1fall cIlto 11wl(- poicy101diW0nt
3(5 331() 11 11 1~titldil3111311111lf)1118i31 w )5
l~iclolIng 1 ltSih 1111 ilyHw k1( im111luVt thu) Wil( (101101-os pro-j)1l
llcild(ltj) of(hampVc illtilt c futhilhIIIIIiha)holl15 Ivtllcl1 el
it Sp)(i Iflhi N33hlj3 lvvS (maIu -I) aild
S ilsilig d111Ilt i3 d wm3k I(1 fImih11 1il (331111113 (uiS (iaI~((glt( Ieiweell
staktI1holtlis m1 us JpoIli v J11111t11t331tos lelpilig 1oatV3t aitol
elisilltc gi31el~lI l(51333liv(l(cs I1115)i3icv and13 acc(litIldilitNY
i ))l Ihi3 I c~inciI~iI 1 t mvy ( i 11 5)
[I-IR11AA-L11lldd I 911 a J)1id scvveal 1101((h iiihvi S110111(1 lirstl( if all of
1011( SVIvil15 (d3I3 33f11cIoll-Ila 3lk51J)1(lIV1(ll II)thi
ration 131I13 WIll vhtldtSS I SAID (anld 3311131(l (3l133l) p)33i( it I gain~g
tiIIioII hr3 [3133113 ReI3I 1 1131 lipI pi migs 311( u1iltl(IIiSliii (d 3 1(3
withiI1( th silh~Ill 133S(IH liljImiii lgtll mtVih(3jtilg(Ifllili e
38
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
lIltatiol l)l(((Ss Oilier i1Spect(s ofI dIc etiitatioii ana~lytica1l aigciida could CXj)ol-e illc role o(ampitdvtcitcy ill the iefolIiii pj)ocss anld (0111ldI to)a
proaclies ()r IillI tlohIgie-S low cm-iluuh infg stakeholder arlvocacy ofI policy positionls its Nvcll is local gmove-iliieit ojwcIItIcsS andl Icspilskvuiiess 1to widlr
pl)Islic boil supply andu (leiInIId-si1t- Isjpcts (d poli(y decisioii-mikcis use o)f ilfwllatiI
Vhat is criticail flt I 1I RAA project and(h~e alillytic il I getl(1~I-5et Iilig jpro-si is Ito t(ogllie that pllsitlitf ()icy impact ilitotigh thec varIiouIs avshy
clitICS will Iesitl dif fetoill strawtgies aiiit anaiclytical itillildlogics It iIl a11d(Itlaijst I) tillp)i~v diifiii (IisseIilttiotl strategies liliread it isSsseultial ()10etti ill(-th diffetetutl ait oalcs illi the (lesignl anid iIlleishy
nitellation ofil tanalyti A wor-k that take IlMo aoli Illc l)ot(Iiiltl vckw(s) tliiigh NvliChIII( x to izufluciicc thl lic prowesstl k itttids
wleisevs~ill with 10(oo)1 flttc ill Illitlld lOY eut Ielittle AFRSDI IRI) activity shouild bctltttt at 50cdle1 lic roscatli [lle like-Iliood( lMt dliecc impaxct (ill
(1cci-sionl-Iinkitlg ill([ jpolic ilj)ipicillitlioI is Illt if Wcumi (
Tllce atltical activities hecligel thec iIltii(tcI vet-
Il )lt11-shy
selves Xwil i to tihe l)0ly ()f ku~iio(ge ( Oil eticashyiml iVallitig itufoititlatic )l
tioll ill Africa ille (lissctllilmtliotl strillegics clvljeias integral aspects ofI each specitic anualyu ticl tivitv will need 1() take Into conttilte illshy
tendecd lvctluIl cid itiflitce t le formi tiattitt and contcent of iztfoilllatioll
tha~t womilti ha IISLtl 10) dw iltlldco- a1liclcc ile( miodality miost likely to IllaXtilte ile llt on disseililltin~g infOrnulation ttun defitied ats inlshyf1l0l-ttI piiy (leciSiotl-tlIkitlg) (ilt( J)tttia for ittrtatiotl itiuiog ifshy
(IifloTctut resealrch activities and1( bmolies ofI kniowled(ge (inicludling acro-(ss secshy
tors)
39
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41
References
Evans David R Cd 1991 li Ication Pllicy lFormaItion in Africa A ComshyparaLivc Slud d Five ( uitrics Ichnical Paper No 12 ()fficc ofAnalysis IRescirll1 and Technlical Suppori Bl-lrcl fOr Africa
Vshington ) I I-AIi)
Porter IRobcrt V aIId h-vin Ilicks 1995 Knowlcdgc [lJilization and the Process of Po lic Fol liIlion Toward a1Framenework fhr Africa Stipshyport for Analysis aird Rescarch in Aflica (SARA) Washiington DC Acaidemiy f Educational l)cvho ) c)l
ulvs Par rtewa 41