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Transcript of Session Special Cargo Loading - IATA - Home · Session Special Cargo Loading ... •Area Load...
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SessionSpecialCargoLoading–––IntroductionofAircraftOperatingLimitationsandSpecialCargo
LIAO,ZhiYongManager,CargoBusinessProcess&Standards,IATA
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WhatisAircraftOperatingLimitations?––LegalFramework
• AirplaneFlightManual(AFM)mustbefurnishedwitheachairplane• AFMmustcontainOperatingLimitationsspecifictotheairplane• AircraftWeight&BalanceManual(WBM)ispartoftheOperatingLimitationssectionofAFM• OperatingLimitationsarepartoftheairplaneTypeCertificate(TC)andtheycanonlybemodifiedbyobtaininganAmendedTC(ATC)orSupplementalTC(STC)• 14CFRPart91indicatesthatnopersonmayoperate(intheUSairspace)acivilaircraftwithoutcomplyingwiththeoperatinglimitationsspecifiedintheapprovedAFM/WBM• AirlineusesAFM/WBMasthebasisfortheAirline’sOperationsManual
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TypicalAircraftOperatingLimitationsforCargo?• MaximumGrossWeightLimitation
• CenterofGravity(C.G.)Limitation
• AreaLoadLimitation
• LinearLoad/RunningLoadLimitation
• ULD/CargoLocation/ULDType/ULDContour
• RestraintCapabilities:Allowablestrapload/
Strapattachmentlocations
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WhatisSpecialCargo?CargothatisnotcontainedinaULDcertifiedfortheairplaneCLSorenclosedinacargocompartmentcertifiedforbulkloadingisspecialcargo.Thistypeofcargorequiresspecialhandlingandsecuring/restrainingprocedures.Examplesofcharacteristicsare:• Restraintattacheddirectlytotheaircraftfloor• OffsetCargo• OverweightCargo• OutsizedCargo• SharporPiercingCargo• UnusuallyShapedCargo• MotorVehiclesandotherWheeledCargo• Talland/orRigidCargo• FloatingPallet
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WhatisSpecialCargo?
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WhySpecialCargoisCriticaltoFlightSafety?
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WhySpecialCargoisCriticaltoFlightSafety?SpecialcargoismorevulnerabletopotentiallyexceedingaircraftOperatingLimitationsandverificationofcomplianceismorecomplex.
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FAAinAction• CreatedtheCargoFocusTeam(CFT):CFT@[email protected]
• ReviewUSairlines’cargooperationsmanualstoensurecompliancewithFAA-approveddata
• PublishedAC120-85RevisionA(firstrevisionin10years)ØTransportofSpecialCargo(New)
ØUseofMultipleEntities(New)
ØRemovedallowancefor‘FAA-accepteddata’– onlyFAA-approveddatatobeused
• ClosercollaborationwithIndustry,e.g.IATAULDBoard/ULDRegulatoryForum
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YourFeedback?• Isitnecessarytodevelopbasicproceduresincludingsafetyprecautionsrelatingtotheacceptance/rejection,preparation,handling,loadingandinterliningofspecialcargothatisstrappedtoapallet?• IsitnecessarytoreviewtherelevantIATAstandardstoensurethereisnosafetyriskofexceedingaircraftOperatingLimitations,e.g.:
SpecialCargoRestraintChangeasaresultoftragedy
Blair DuBoisChief Engineer of Cargo [email protected]
MainTopics• Examples• Tragedy• SpecialCargoRisk• CivilAviationAuthorityChanges• AirlineChanges• ExpectationsforOthers• MethodsNoLongerApplicable• ExampleTiedownWorksheetandDiagram
Examples• Carsandothervehicles• Aircraftengines• Helicopters• Pipesandotherpiercingorsharpitems• Tallrigidcargo• Oversized,overweight,outsized,orunusuallyshapeditems
Cargo Strapped to Pallet or Airplane
Cars
IntermodalContainers
• AD 2015-14-09
FAA limits methods of restraint
Tragedy• 2013NationalAirlines747-400BCFaccident• SeeNTSBAircraftAccidentReportAAR-15-01• LikelyreasonwasaftmovementofSpecialCargoheavyvehiclesthatwerenotproperlyrestrained• ProbablecausewasinadequateproceduresforrestrainingSpecialCargoloads• ContributingtotheaccidentwasFAA’sinadequateoversight
SpecialCargoRestraintRisk• GreaterriskofcargoshiftandaccidentthanstandardULD
• Complicatedtodesignastrappingarrangement
• Moredifficulttoinstallastrappingarrangement
• Requiresspecifictraining
• Requiresdifferentknowledge,skills,andabilities
CivilAviationAuthority(CAA)Changes
• FAA• IssuedAdvisoryCircular(AC)120-85A• IssuedSAFOs13005,13008,17003,17004• Reviewedeachcargoairline’sprocedures• EnforcingstrictcompliancewithairplaneWBMs• Traininginspectors
• CAAsinothercountries• FAAsentletterinMarch2017oncargooversight
AirlineSpecialCargoChanges• RevisingloadingprocedurestoclearlycomplywithWBMs
• TrainingpersonnelonnewSpecialCargoprocedures
• Increasingtechnicalsupport
• SpecialLoadCoordinators
• Engineering
ExpectationsforOthers1. Followlatestairlineprocedures
2. Recognizethatpreviousmethodsmaynolongerbeallowed
3. IfbuildingSpecialCargo,getspecialtrainingandairlineinstructions
4. ProvidedetailstoairlineSpecialLoadCoordinators
Shippers
Freight Forwarders
Ground Service Providers
Other Airlines
ExamplesofSpecialCargoDetailsNeeded• Enginestandbaseandcradlepartnumbers
• Cargotie-downpointloadcapability
• Availabilityandvolumeoffrangible/compressiblecargo
• Photosofeachsideandclose-upsofcertainfeatures
• Overhang/Offsetmeasurements
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OverhangversusOffsetCargo
PreviousSpecialCargoRestraintMethods• Maynolongerbeallowed
• Serviceexperienceisimportant,butnotenough
• Rareextremeturbulencemayresultinaveryhighload
• Restraintdesignedforworst-casescenario“ultimateload”
PreviousMethodExample• AHM311doesnotincludesidedirectionrestraint
StackofPallets
• ULDROS06/018.1doesnotspecifythenumberofstrapsneededforthenumberorpalletsorweight
TiedownWorksheetExample
SLR#: 99999 Description:
Model: 747-400F AircraftReg.
Pallet: M Deck:
Forward Aft Left Right Up
F-1A 20" 20 907F-1B 20" 20 907F-2A 20" 15 907F-2B 20" 15 907A-1A 20" 20 907A-1B 20" 20 907A-2A 20" 15 907A-2B 20" 15 907R-1A 20" 5 907R-1B 20" 85R-2A 20" 5 907R-2B 20" 85R-3A 20" 5 907R-3B 20" 85R-4A 20" 5 907R-4B 20" 85L-1A 20" 5 907L-1B 20" 85L-2A 20" 5 907L-2B 20" 85L-3A 20" 5 907L-3B 20" 85L-4A 20" 5 907L-4B 20" 85U-1A 20" 85 907U-1B 20" 85 907U-2A 20" 85 907U-2B 20" 85 907U-3A 20" 85 907U-3B 20" 85 907
LoadFactor 1.50
PreparedByPrinted:
Yes
PreparedBySignature:BlairDuBois
3628 3628 3628 5442
StrapAllowableRestraint[KG]
OverhangingCrate
Main(except747nose&tail)
TotalAllowableRestraintCapability
[KG]:3628
8585
907907907907
StrapID
PalletAttachPointSpacing
FloorAngle[degrees]
907907
1.50
Yes
907907
907907
Notes:
555555558585
85
907907907907907
Yes Yes
85858585858585858585
85
YesIsAllowable
RestraintCapability>ForcetoRestrain?
1.50 1.50 2.13ForcetoRestrain
[KG]:3600 3600 3600 3600 5112
Centerline(Sidewall)Angle
[degrees]
PalletAttachPoint
Maximum[KG]
907
STRAP-TO-PALLETTIE-DOWNWORKSHEETCargoWeight[KG]:
Position: CthroughS,RightorLeft
Date:
2400
28-Jan-17NxxxMC
907907
8585
907907
907907907907
907
907
907907907907
8585
8585
TiedownDiagramExample
Conclusion1. SpecialCargoisagreaterriskofdamaginganairplane
2. SpecialCargorestraintiscomplicatedtodesignandinstall
3. Strappingmustbedoneusinglatestairlineprocedures
4. CivilAviationAuthoritiesareincreasingoversight
5. Workingtogetherensuressafe,regulatorycompliant,cost-effective,andtimelycargotransport