Session 6Session 6

Integrated Emergency Integrated Emergency ManagementManagement

Objectives of the Session

Students will be able to 6.1 Define the principle of integration. 6.2 Discuss the evolution of the concept of

Integrated Emergency Management in the United States.

6.3 Describe the mechanisms and stakeholders involved in horizontal integration.

6.4 Identify the policy issues associated with vertical integration.

DefinitionDefinition

Emergency managers ensure unity of Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community. all elements of a community.

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Emergency managers ensure unity of Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community.all elements of a community.Consider this statement. What does each Consider this statement. What does each

component mean to you?component mean to you?

DefinitionDefinition

““Unity of effort” - common objective that Unity of effort” - common objective that guides independent efforts. guides independent efforts.

““Levels of government” Levels of government” Vertical (i.e. local, state, Federal) Vertical (i.e. local, state, Federal) Horizontal levels within a jurisdiction (i.e. Horizontal levels within a jurisdiction (i.e.

departments, agencies, legislative, etc.)departments, agencies, legislative, etc.) ““Elements of the community” - general Elements of the community” - general

public, private sector entities, and non-public, private sector entities, and non-governmental organizations. governmental organizations.

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Why is integration important?Why is integration important?

Why is integration important?Why is integration important?

More efficient application of resourcesMore efficient application of resourcesQuicker response timesQuicker response timesLess confusionLess confusionLess duplication of effortLess duplication of effortLess chance of gaps in provision of reliefLess chance of gaps in provision of reliefPotential cost savingsPotential cost savingsSupport to recoverySupport to recovery

Levels of IntegrationLevels of Integration

Internal integration. Internal integration. Ensures elements of the EM program form a Ensures elements of the EM program form a

system system characterized by a structured emergency characterized by a structured emergency

management programmanagement program

Levels of IntegrationLevels of Integration

Horizontal integration Horizontal integration brings together the efforts of groups that are brings together the efforts of groups that are

bound together by mutual interests. bound together by mutual interests. A local emergency management program may A local emergency management program may

include both public and private agencies as include both public and private agencies as well as the general public.well as the general public.

Levels of IntegrationLevels of Integration

Vertical integrationVertical integrationseeks to ensure compatibility among various seeks to ensure compatibility among various

entities by encouraging standardization within entities by encouraging standardization within broad parameters.broad parameters.

DriversDrivers

Directive from higher authority (e.g. NIMS)Directive from higher authority (e.g. NIMS)Development of standards (e.g. NFPA Development of standards (e.g. NFPA

1600)1600)Consensus building through social Consensus building through social

networks (e.g. collaboration)networks (e.g. collaboration)DoctrineDoctrine

StandardsStandards

A standard is an acceptable level of quality A standard is an acceptable level of quality as defined by a standards development as defined by a standards development organization.organization.

The US national standards organization is The US national standards organization is the American National Standards Institute the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).(ANSI).

StandardsStandards

Accreditation requiresAccreditation requiresadherence to an accepted process for adherence to an accepted process for

developing standards developing standards includes review and comment by subject includes review and comment by subject

matter experts matter experts ensures an acceptable level of quality for the ensures an acceptable level of quality for the

standard.standard.

Integration in the USIntegration in the US

Civil Defense Act of 1950Civil Defense Act of 1950Dual Use Doctrine 1976Dual Use Doctrine 1976National Governors Association study National Governors Association study

19781978Formation of FEMA 1979Formation of FEMA 1979

Integrated Emergency Integrated Emergency Management SystemManagement System

Focus on developing functional capabilityFocus on developing functional capability Identification of core functionsIdentification of core functions Identification and analysis of all hazardsIdentification and analysis of all hazards Identification of capability shortfallsIdentification of capability shortfallsDevelopment of multi-year strategyDevelopment of multi-year strategyEqual weight to all four phases of Equal weight to all four phases of

emergency managementemergency management

Student ActivityStudent Activity

How does the Integrated Management How does the Integrated Management System compare with the Target System compare with the Target Capabilities List developed by DHS?Capabilities List developed by DHS?

Are the two opposed or can they be Are the two opposed or can they be integrated?integrated?

Target Capabilities ListTarget Capabilities List

Focus on developing functional capabilityFocus on developing functional capabilityScenario-based rather than all hazards Scenario-based rather than all hazards

basedbasedEmphasizes responseEmphasizes responseCould be incorporated under NFPA 1600 Could be incorporated under NFPA 1600

5.11 Operational Procedures5.11 Operational Procedures

IEMS TodayIEMS Today

Forms foundation of National Forms foundation of National Preparedness Standard (NFPA 1600)Preparedness Standard (NFPA 1600)Encourages all hazards approachEncourages all hazards approachLinks capability development to hazard Links capability development to hazard

analysisanalysisEncourages an enterprise approachEncourages an enterprise approachEncourages multi-year strategy developmentEncourages multi-year strategy development

Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration

The process of establishing a common The process of establishing a common purpose for stakeholders with roughly purpose for stakeholders with roughly equal standingequal standing

Identify a common frame of referenceIdentify a common frame of referencePoliticalPoliticalGeographicalGeographical

Student ExerciseStudent Exercise

Select a common frame of referenceSelect a common frame of reference Identify potential stakeholdersIdentify potential stakeholders

Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration

Integration requires balancing Integration requires balancing inclusiveness against too many playersinclusiveness against too many players

Potential limiting criteria may include Potential limiting criteria may include Regulatory responsibilities Regulatory responsibilities Possessing significant resources Possessing significant resources Ability to successfully oppose initiativesAbility to successfully oppose initiatives

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Develop criteria for determining who is a Develop criteria for determining who is a stakeholderstakeholder

Apply this criteria to the list stakeholders Apply this criteria to the list stakeholders you previously developedyou previously developed

Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration

How will you identify core decision How will you identify core decision makers?makers?

How will you ingrate peripheral players?How will you ingrate peripheral players?How will you resolve conflict?How will you resolve conflict?

ConsensusConsensusMajority voteMajority voteVote by identified representativesVote by identified representatives

Document in an Administrative PlanDocument in an Administrative Plan

Student ActivityStudent Activity

Assuming you have resolved issues of Assuming you have resolved issues of governance, what are the key activities governance, what are the key activities your group of stakeholders must your group of stakeholders must undertake to achieve integration?undertake to achieve integration?

Integrating PlanningIntegrating Planning

Hazard analysis to determine capability Hazard analysis to determine capability needsneeds

Identify shortfalls between needed and Identify shortfalls between needed and current capabilitiescurrent capabilities

Develop multi-year strategy to eliminate Develop multi-year strategy to eliminate shortfallsshortfalls

Translate strategy into annual work plansTranslate strategy into annual work plans

Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration

More hierarchical and directive than More hierarchical and directive than horizontal integrationhorizontal integration

Right to direct limited by law and political Right to direct limited by law and political autonomyautonomy

Alternatives to directionAlternatives to directionGrant fundingGrant fundingReimbursement tied to “voluntary” complianceReimbursement tied to “voluntary” compliance

Student ActivityStudent Activity

What methods has the US Government What methods has the US Government used to encourage integration in used to encourage integration in Emergency Management?Emergency Management?

IntegrationIntegration

Directive –HSGP funds tied to the NIMS Directive –HSGP funds tied to the NIMS implementationimplementation

Standards –Standards –NFPA 1600 adopted as the National NFPA 1600 adopted as the National

Preparedness Standard in 2005.Preparedness Standard in 2005.EMAP accreditation expenses eligible EMAP accreditation expenses eligible

expenses under Federal grant programs.expenses under Federal grant programs.Title IX requires creation of a voluntary Title IX requires creation of a voluntary

preparedness standard for the private sector.preparedness standard for the private sector.

IntegrationIntegration

DoctrineDoctrineNational Integration Center guides formal National Integration Center guides formal

development of NIMS doctrine.development of NIMS doctrine.Documentation: concept documents, Documentation: concept documents,

supplementary documents, guidessupplementary documents, guidesImplementation guidance and grant informationImplementation guidance and grant informationFunding to the Emergency Management Institute Funding to the Emergency Management Institute

for curriculum developmentfor curriculum developmentTraining materialsTraining materials

ConclusionConclusion

Integration Integration ensures unity of effort at all levels of ensures unity of effort at all levels of

government and all elements of the government and all elements of the community. community.

ensures compatibility among disparate plans ensures compatibility among disparate plans and activities and and activities and

helps make emergency management more helps make emergency management more effective.effective.

ConclusionConclusion

Effective integration addresses three Effective integration addresses three levels: internal, horizontal and vertical.levels: internal, horizontal and vertical.

Methods that can be used to foster Methods that can be used to foster integration include directives, the integration include directives, the development of a doctrinal base, the use development of a doctrinal base, the use of standards and accepted practices, and of standards and accepted practices, and establishing social networks.establishing social networks.

ConclusionConclusion

The core of successful integration is the The core of successful integration is the integrated emergency management integrated emergency management system. system.

IEMS encourages capability development IEMS encourages capability development based on based on Hazard analysis Hazard analysis An all-hazards approach An all-hazards approach An enterprise approachAn enterprise approachA multi-year strategy.A multi-year strategy.