Session 6Integrated Emergency Management

Objectives of the SessionStudents will be able to6.1 Define the principle of integration.6.2Discuss the evolution of the concept of Integrated Emergency Management in the United States.6.3Describe the mechanisms and stakeholders involved in horizontal integration.6.4Identify the policy issues associated with vertical integration.

DefinitionEmergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community.

Student ActivityEmergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community.Consider this statement. What does each component mean to you?

DefinitionUnity of effort - common objective that guides independent efforts. Levels of government Vertical (i.e. local, state, Federal) Horizontal levels within a jurisdiction (i.e. departments, agencies, legislative, etc.)Elements of the community - general public, private sector entities, and non-governmental organizations.

Student ActivityWhy is integration important?

Why is integration important?More efficient application of resourcesQuicker response timesLess confusionLess duplication of effortLess chance of gaps in provision of reliefPotential cost savingsSupport to recovery

Levels of IntegrationInternal integration. Ensures elements of the EM program form a system characterized by a structured emergency management program

Levels of IntegrationHorizontal integration brings together the efforts of groups that are bound together by mutual interests. A local emergency management program may include both public and private agencies as well as the general public.

Levels of IntegrationVertical integrationseeks to ensure compatibility among various entities by encouraging standardization within broad parameters.

DriversDirective from higher authority (e.g. NIMS)Development of standards (e.g. NFPA 1600)Consensus building through social networks (e.g. collaboration)Doctrine

StandardsA standard is an acceptable level of quality as defined by a standards development organization.The US national standards organization is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

StandardsAccreditation requiresadherence to an accepted process for developing standards includes review and comment by subject matter experts ensures an acceptable level of quality for the standard.

Integration in the USCivil Defense Act of 1950Dual Use Doctrine 1976National Governors Association study 1978Formation of FEMA 1979

Integrated Emergency Management SystemFocus on developing functional capabilityIdentification of core functionsIdentification and analysis of all hazardsIdentification of capability shortfallsDevelopment of multi-year strategyEqual weight to all four phases of emergency management

Student ActivityHow does the Integrated Management System compare with the Target Capabilities List developed by DHS?Are the two opposed or can they be integrated?

Target Capabilities ListFocus on developing functional capabilityScenario-based rather than all hazards basedEmphasizes responseCould be incorporated under NFPA 1600 5.11 Operational Procedures

IEMS TodayForms foundation of National Preparedness Standard (NFPA 1600)Encourages all hazards approachLinks capability development to hazard analysisEncourages an enterprise approachEncourages multi-year strategy development

Horizontal IntegrationThe process of establishing a common purpose for stakeholders with roughly equal standingIdentify a common frame of referencePoliticalGeographical

Student ExerciseSelect a common frame of referenceIdentify potential stakeholders

Horizontal IntegrationIntegration requires balancing inclusiveness against too many playersPotential limiting criteria may include Regulatory responsibilities Possessing significant resources Ability to successfully oppose initiatives

Student ActivityDevelop criteria for determining who is a stakeholderApply this criteria to the list stakeholders you previously developed

Horizontal IntegrationHow will you identify core decision makers?How will you ingrate peripheral players?How will you resolve conflict?ConsensusMajority voteVote by identified representativesDocument in an Administrative Plan

Student ActivityAssuming you have resolved issues of governance, what are the key activities your group of stakeholders must undertake to achieve integration?

Integrating PlanningHazard analysis to determine capability needsIdentify shortfalls between needed and current capabilitiesDevelop multi-year strategy to eliminate shortfallsTranslate strategy into annual work plans

Vertical IntegrationMore hierarchical and directive than horizontal integrationRight to direct limited by law and political autonomyAlternatives to directionGrant fundingReimbursement tied to voluntary compliance

Student ActivityWhat methods has the US Government used to encourage integration in Emergency Management?

IntegrationDirective HSGP funds tied to the NIMS implementationStandards NFPA 1600 adopted as the National Preparedness Standard in 2005.EMAP accreditation expenses eligible expenses under Federal grant programs.Title IX requires creation of a voluntary preparedness standard for the private sector.

IntegrationDoctrineNational Integration Center guides formal development of NIMS doctrine.Documentation: concept documents, supplementary documents, guidesImplementation guidance and grant informationFunding to the Emergency Management Institute for curriculum developmentTraining materials

ConclusionIntegration ensures unity of effort at all levels of government and all elements of the community. ensures compatibility among disparate plans and activities and helps make emergency management more effective.

ConclusionEffective integration addresses three levels: internal, horizontal and vertical.Methods that can be used to foster integration include directives, the development of a doctrinal base, the use of standards and accepted practices, and establishing social networks.

ConclusionThe core of successful integration is the integrated emergency management system. IEMS encourages capability development based on Hazard analysis An all-hazards approach An enterprise approachA multi-year strategy.