SESSION 5: ANIMAL TISSUES - Mindset...

Life Sciences Grade 10

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SESSION 5: ANIMAL TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about:

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue.

Applications of IKS and biotechnology –traditional, medical, cloning, stem cells – ethics & laws

X-PLANATION


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EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Tightly-joined closely-packed cells.

One side of epithelium FREE, other side attached to a basement membrane General Functions:

Covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities

Protection against mechanical injury, invasive micro organisms, and fluid loss

Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules

Squamos:

COLUMNAR Why?

Support, absorption, special columnar cells

- sensation.

EPITHELIAL

SQUAMOS Why?

Cavities, protection, passage of substances,

filtration.

CUBOIDAL Why?

Secretion and

transportation in glands,

reabsorption & excretion.

CILIATED Why?

Trap & remove dust particles; moves sperm

and eggs.


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Stratified Squamos:

Ciliated:

Cuboidal:


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Columnar:

CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

Variety of specialized cells in Matrix (ground substance) with extracellular protein fibers (elastic & collagenous)


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General Functions:

- Strength - Support - Shape - Storage - Protection - Insulation - Transport - Reduce Friction

MUSCLE TISSUE


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Skeletal:

Cardiac:

Smooth:


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NERVE TISSUE

A Typical Neuron (unit of nervous system):


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Types of Neurons:

Unipolar Neuron:

Bipolar Neuron:


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Multipolar Neuron:

Biotechnology: What? Use of technology to obtain products from living organisms Examples: - Medical – vaccines, antibiotics, blood transfusions - Cloning

Traditional Technology: What? Use of traditional technology to obtain products from living organisms – traditional healers Examples:

African potato, pepper bark, ginger, honey.

Biotechnology and Traditional Technology: South Africa – Traditional Health Practitioners Act – Council operational – more control THO – traditional healers must register.

Cloning: - Clone refers to genetically identical cells originating from one cell. - Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. She was born in 1996

and died in 2003.


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- She was 6 when she died, about half the usual age for a sheep.


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Spider Plants:

Cloning:

- There is a difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning

- Stem cells – undifferentiated cells that can multiply and the differentiate - two main types:

1. Adult stem cells:

Can make only certain types, like skin, blood and bone marrow

2. Embryonic stem cells: Undifferentiated cells from embryos

- From where? - “in vitro” fertilised egg cells - Umbilical cord - Bone marrow and liver tissue

- Arguments for: - Arguments against:

- Medical research - Manage diseases - Organ replacement - Better crops, etc.

- Killing embryos - Playing “GOD” - Fraudulent and criminal activity

SESSION 5: ANIMAL TISSUES - Mindset...

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