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MODULE 7.Teacher: Yann Mario Villarreal Villarreal1We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech..Direct Speech / Quoted SpeechSaying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.For example:She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."or"Today's lesson is on presentations", she said.

Indirect Speech / Reported SpeechIndirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.For example:

Direct speech Indirect speech"I'm going to the cinema", he said.He said he was going to the cinemaQUOTED AND REPORTED SPEECHHow are quoted speech and reported speech different? There are 5 things that are different:Quoted speech has quotation marks; reported speech does not use quotation marks.In reported speech, the pronoun often changes..In reported speech, the word that is often used after said, but that is optionalQuoted speech is exactly what the person said.The verb in reported speech is changed to the past; some modal verbs do not change. There are rules to follow when changing the verb.

QUOTED AND REPORTED SPEECH

QUOTED AND REPORTED SPEECH

Direct SpeechReported SpeechSimple PresentHe said: "Iamhappy"Simple PastHe said that hewashappyPresent ProgressiveHe said: "I'm lookingfor my keys"Past ProgressiveHe said that hewas lookingfor his keysSimple PastHe said: "IvisitedNew York last year"

Past Perfect SimpleHe said that hehad visitedNew York the previous year.Present PerfectHe said: " I've livedhere for a long time "Past PerfectHe said that hehad livedthere for a long timePast PerfectHe said: "Theyhad finishedthe work when Iarrived"Past PerfectHe said that theyhad finishedthe work when hehad arrived"Past ProgressiveHe said: "Iwas playingfootball when the accident occurred"Past Perfect ProgressiveHe said thathe had been playingfootball when the accidenthad occurred

Present Perfect ProgressiveHe said:"Ihave been playingfootball for two hours."Past Perfect ProgressiveHe said thathe had been playingfootball for two hoursPast Perfect ProgressiveHe said: "Ihad been readinga newspaper when the lightwent off"Past Perfect ProgressiveHe said that hehad been readinga newspaper when the lighthad gone offFuture Simple (will+verb)He said: "Iwill openthe door."Conditional (would+verb)He said thathe would openthe door.Conditional (would+verb)He said: "Iwould buyMercedes if Iwererich"Conditional (would+verb)He said that hewould buyMercedes if hehad beenrich"Direct SpeechReported SpeechTime Expressionstodaythat daynowthenyesterdaythe day beforedays agodays beforelast weekthe week beforenext yearthe following yeartomorrowthe next day/ the following dayPlaceherethereDemonstrativesthisthatthesethosePlace, demonstratives and time expressionsPlace, demonstratives and time expressions change if the context of the reported statement (i.e. the location and/or the period of time) is different from that of the direct speech.

INDIRECT REQUESTSIndirect requests happen when a person asks another person to tell, order or ask something to a third person.Indirect requests are used when you want to:Tell someone to do somethingTell someone some informationAsk someone to do somethingAsk someone for some information (Yes or No)Ask someone for some information (Open ended)

INDIRECT REQUESTSHere are different structures of indirect requests:1. Can/Could you (please) tell/ask + Tom + (that) + original statementExample: " Can you please tell Tom I'll be waiting for him at the movies?"( You can also use "would" in indirect requests)2. Indirect requests and imperatives:Can/Could you tell/ask + Tom + (not) + infinitiveExample: "Can you tell Tom not to use my laptop?""Could you ask Tom to bring me my laptop?"3. Indirect requests and yes/no questions:Can/Could you ask + Tom + if/whether + SVO statement?Example "Could you ask Tom if /whether ir not he's coming to the party?"4. Indirect requests and Wh-questions:Can/Could you ask + Tom + wh-word + SVO statement?Example:"Can you ask Tom what is his new password?"

VERBS OF THE DAY!/UNCOMMON WORDSWorryWrestleAriseAwakeBite

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