Session 3.3 indigenous trees incubators in kenya

“Trees For Life: Accelerating the Impact of Agroforestry”

World Congress on Agroforestry Delhi, India

10-14 February 2014

Anja Oussoren Ivory Consult Ltd.

“...for a better world.”

Indigenous Trees Incubators in Agro- Ecological Zones in Kenya for the

Commercialization of Nutritional Foods

Outline   Introduction   Indigenous Trees in Africa

•  Opportunities and Gaps  The Innovation Strategy

•  Indigenous Trees Incubators (ITIs) •  Seven Step Strategy

 Collaboration •  The Hub •  KARI

 Closing Remarks

Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality in the world…………. Common, modifiable risk factors underlie the major NCDs. They include tobacco, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity, overweight/obesity, raised blood pressure, raised blood sugar and raised cholesterol. The NCD threat can be overcome using existing knowledge. The solutions are highly cost-effective. Comprehensive and integrated action at country level, led by governments, is the means to achieve success. (WHO, 2011).

Introduction At the same time, trees are essentially pharmacies. People in Africa harvest, consume and market the fruits, nuts, vegetables, and teas from indigenous plants, 2/3 of which are trees and shrubs. These products are used by at least 80% of Africans because they are effective, accessible, and affordable. They have a long history of preventative (nutritional) and curative purposes.

Maswa Town, Tanzania. Photo: AO, 1995

©Ivory Consult 2010

Indigenous Trees in Africa

 Rural communities prioritize trees based on nutritive and medicinal value   Income potential known  Benefits of sustainable use of indigenous

trees to whole societies even greater

Maswa District, Tanzania. Photo: AO, 1995


Region Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5 Method

East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania)

Adansonia digitata (Baobab)

Tamarindus indica (Tamarind)

Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber)

Sclerocaryaa birrea (Marula)

Balanites aegyptiaca Del.

Field surveys (n=167)

Southern Africa (Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Mozambique)

Uapaca kirkiana (Wild loquat)

Strychnos cocculoides (Wild orange)

Parinari curatellifolia (Maula)


Adansonia Digitata (Baobab)


Miombo Woodlands, Tanzania


Canthium burthii (Mgubalu)

Grewia fallax (Mkoma)

Diospyros fischeri (Mfubata)

Vitex payos (Mpulu)

Field surveys (n=91); Market surveys (n=20)

West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon)

Irvingia gabonensis (Wild mango)

Dacryodes edulis (African plum)

Chrysophyllum albidum (Star apple)

Garcinia cola (Bitter cola)

Cola nitida Workshops, field surveys (n=94)

S a h e l i a n z o n e (Senegal, Mali, Nige r, Bu rk i na Faso)

Adansonia digitata (Baobab)


Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea)


Parkia biglabosa


The five prioritized indigenous tree species in selected regions in Africa.

Feasibility analysis of small fruit enterprises

Joordan at al., 2007


 Research gaps: •  Identification, prioritization •  Underutilized fruits

•  Domestication of indigenous fruits •  Human health •  Permaculture •  Product development •  Demand and Supply in the market

Indigenous Trees in Africa

Kibwezi County, Kenya. Photo: AO 2007

Name of Tree Family of Tree Known use (Fruit /

Medicine) Stored at Kenya National Gene Bank

(Yes / No) Adansonia digitata Bombaceae Fruit, Medicine No Azanza garckeana Malvaceae Fruit, Medicine Yes Balanites aegyptica Balanitaceae Fruit, Medicine Yes Canthium burttii Rubiaceae Fruit, Medicine No Diospyros fischeri Ebenaceae Fruit, Medicine No Lantana camara Verbenaceae Fruit, Medicine No Sclerocarya birrea Anacardiaceae Fruit, Medicine Yes Sclerocarya caffra Anacardiaceae Fruit, Medicine No Tamarindus indica Fabaceae Fruit, Medicine Yes Vitex mombassae Verbenaceae Fruit, Medicine No Ximenia caffra Olacaceae Fruit, Medicine No Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Fruit Yes

Priority Indigenous Trees as Stored at the National Gene Bank in Kenya

Indigenous Trees in Africa  Conservation Gap

Kitale County, Kenya. LW, KARI, 2012

 Supply and demand gaps

The Daily Nation, 2 February 2014

Indigenous Trees in Africa  Nutritional and Medicinal value gaps

•  Knowledge, appreciation, belief

Kitale County, Kenya. LW, KARI, 2012

Longonot, Kenya. AO, 2013

Innovation Strategy

  Objective:

•  To conserve the indigenous trees in Kenya while

commercializing their products for improved human

health, through the establishment of Indigenous

Trees Incubators in each

of the agro-ecological

zones of Kenya.

Innovation Strategy

  Seven Step Strategy (long term, integrated)

1.  Ethnobotanical surveys

2.  Conservation of Germplasm

3.  Identification of Desirable Traits

4.  Development of Propagation Protocols

5.  Regeneration of Indigenous Trees

6.  Development of Nutritional Products

7.  Benefits sharing

  Each Step with Objectives and Expected Results

ITI

Innovation Strategy

  Inspired by:

  Research in Miombo, Tanzania

•  University of Guelph and ICRAF

  Medicinal Plant Incubator, South Africa

  Gap between results of research and

sustainability in the market place.

Photo: Roodeplaat, RSA. AO, 2008

Innovation Strategy

  Example:

•  Intercropping of guava with moringa


Indigenous Trees Incubators

The ITIs address the following important issues:

1.  Disappearance of traditional knowledge

2.  Disappearance of genetic wealth

3.  Lack of balanced diets and resultant loss of health worldwide

4.  Weak link between research and the private sector


Collaborators

  The Hub:

•  Ivory Consult Ltd

  The Partners:

•  Ivory Foundation

•  Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI)

•  Kenya Forestry Institute (KEFRI)

•  Research Institutions and Private Food & Nutraceutical

Companies

Closing Remarks

  Pilot at two KARI centres for proof of concept

  ITI Strategy to be scaled up in other parts of Africa

  Highly collaborative due to systems approach

  Brings together science, business and people

  ITIs is an innovative, multi-pronged approach for public

and private sector to pool their resources together to fight

poverty and disease.


Acknowledgements

Dr. G. Prinsloo, MPI

Dr. Lusike Wasilwa, KARI

Clive Wafukho, ICL Dr. D. Nyamongo, Gene Bank ICRAF

Anja Oussoren Director Ivory Consult Limited PJ Place, Enterprise Road Industrial Area, Nairobi, Kenya Tel. 020 550 622 / 31 www.ivoryconsult.com [email protected]

Thank you

“…for a better world.”

Session 3.3 indigenous trees incubators in kenya

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