Session 3 - Microsoft · 2020. 2. 27. · as Positivism. This system of thinking was fathered by...

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T h e o l o g y P r o p e r

S e s s i o n 3

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Quotes:

• Amos4:13(NASB) "For behold, He who forms mountains and creates the wind And declares to man what are His thoughts, He who makes dawn into darkness And treads on the high places of the earth, The Lord God of hosts is His name."

DogmaticAtheism• "Matterissimplythereandalwayshasbeeninoneformor

another.Infact,fortheatheist,theuniverseisultimatelyallthatexists-evenmindcamefrommatter"(Geisler,ST,2:425).

• "Thecosmosisallthatisoreverwasoreverwillbe"(CarlSagan).

PracticalAtheism• "WhileGodisnotdenied,lifeislivedasifthereisnoGod.

Thereiscompleteindifferencetohisclaims,andoftenthereisoutspokenanddefiantwickedness"(P.D.FeinberginEDT,96).

• Psalm14:1(NLT) The fool has said in his heart, "There is no God. They are corrupt, they have committed abominable deeds; There is no one who does good."

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III. THEOLOGYPROPER(DoctrineofGod) A. DefinitionofTheologyProper:

• "ThestudyofthedoctrineofGod"(Erickson,Dictionary,167)

• ThestudyofGod:Hisexistence,attributes,names,essence andworks

"TheproperstudyoftheChristianistheGodhead.Thehighest science,theloftiestspeculation,themightiestphilosophy,which canengagetheattentionofachildofGodisthename,thenature, theperson,thedoingsandexistenceofthegreatGodwhichhecalls hisFather."(C.Spurgeon)

B. ExistenceofGod

1. FaultyViews:

a. DogmaticAtheism

(1) Defined:thereisnoGodorgods.

(2) Premise:thematerialworld,notthespiritual-physical worldistheultimatereality.

(3)Biblicalresponse: • Psalm14:1 "The fool has said in his heart, 'there is no God.'"

b. PracticalAtheism

(1) Defined:livinglifeasifthereisnoGod.

(2) Premise:Godisirrelevanttome.

(3) Biblicalresponse: • Psalm36:1"There is no fear of God in his eyes."

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Quotes: Philosopher Blaise Pascal posed a practical, intellectual "wager" concerning

God's existence. A part of "Pascal's Wager" follows. (Note: not all

biblical philosophers would accept this train of logical thought).

"EitherGodisorheisnot.Buttowhichviewshallwebeinclined?Reasoncannotdecidethisquestion.Infinitechaosseparatesus.Atthefarendofthisinfinitedistanceacoinisbeingspunwhichwillcomedownheadsortails.Howwillyouwager?Reasoncannotmakeyouchooseeither,reasoncannotproveeitherwrong… Yes,butyoumustwager.Thereisnochoice,youarealreadycommitted.Whichwillyouchoosethen?Letussee:sinceachoicemustbemade,letusseewhichoffersyoutheleastinterest.Youhavetwothingstolose:thetrueandthegood;andtwothingstostake:yourreasonandyourwill,yourknowledgeandyourhappiness;andyournaturehastwothingstoavoid:errorandwretchedness…LetusweighupthegainandthelossinvolvedincallingheadsthatGodexists.Letusassessthetwocases:ifyouwin,youwineverything,ifyoulose,youlosenothing.Donothesitatethen;wagerthathedoesexist…"(FromGeisler,BakerEncyclopediaofChristianApologetics,584)

Agnosticism• "Agnosticismcanmanifestitselfinavarietyofways.Inscienceitisknown

asPositivism.ThissystemofthinkingwasfatheredbyAugustComte.Thisistheviewthatmancanonlyknowthatwhichisphenomenal,thatisobservedandverifiablefactsalonearetrue"(Cook,ST,2:135).

Polytheism• "ExceptforthegreatmonotheismsofJudaism,ChristianityandIslam,

theworld'sreligionsareoverwhelminglypolytheistic.PolytheismcharacterizesHinduism,MahayanaBuddhism,Confucianism,Taoism,andShintoismintheEastandalsocontemporaryAfricantribalreligions"(D.B.FletcherinEDT,861).

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c. Agnosticism

(1) Defined:thereisnosureknowledgeofwhetherGodexists ornot.

(2) Premise:notpossibletoknoweverything(therefore, Godcouldconceivablyexist),butthereisnowaytoknow forcertain.

(3)Biblicalresponse: • Romans1:18-19(NLT) "But God shows His anger from heaven against all sinful, wicked people who suppress the truth by their wickedness. 19 They know the truth about God because He has made it obvious to them."

d.Polytheism

(1) Defined:therearemany(Grk."poly")gods.

(2) Premise:manhasembracedmanygodsthroughout hishistory(Egyptians,Canaanites,Assyrians,Babylonians, Greeks,Romans,Hinduism,Buddhism,Taoism,Africantribal deities,etal.).

(3) Biblicalresponse:

• Psalm86:8 "Among the gods there is none like you, no deeds can compare with yours."

• 2Samuel7:22 "How great you are, O Sovereign Lord! There is no one like you, and there is no God but you, as we have heard with our own ears."

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Quotes:

Pantheism

• "Pantheismisthattheorywhichholdsthatallfinitebeingsaremerely

aspects,modifications,orpartsofoneeternalandself-existentbeing.It

regardsGodasonewiththenaturaluniverse.Godisall;allisGod"

(Thiessen,Lectures,34).

• "Nothingtwistsanddeformsthesoulmorethanaloworunworthy

conceptionofGod"(A.W.Tozer).

• "ThatbeliefthatGod'sbeingincludesandpermeatestheentire

universesothateverythingexistsinGod"

(Grenz,PocketDictionary,88).

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e.Pantheism

(1)Defined:Godiseverything;everythingisGod.

(2)Premise:GodisnotseparatefromHiscreation.

(3)Biblicalresponse:

• Isaiah40:21-26(NLT) "Haven’t you heard? Don’t you understand? Are you deaf to the words of God— the words He gave before the world began? Are you so ignorant? 22 God sits above the circle of the earth. The people below seem like grasshoppers to Him! He spreads out the heavens like a curtain and makes His tent from them. 23 He judges the great people of the world and brings them all to nothing. 24 They hardly get started, barely taking root, when He blows on them and they wither. The wind carries them off like chaff. 25 'To whom will you compare me? Who is my equal?' asks the Holy One. 26 Look up into the heavens. Who created all the stars? He brings them out like an army, one after another, calling each by its name. Because of His great power and incomparable strength, not a single one is missing."

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Quotes:

Panentheism• "Pantheismliterallymeansall("pan")isGod("theism"),butpanentheismmeans

"allinGod."Itisalsocalledprocesstheology"(GeislerinBECA,576).

• "RatherthanviewingGodastheinfinite,unchangingsovereignCreatoroftheworldwhobroughtitintoexistence(i.e.Biblicaltheism),panentheiststhinkofGodasafinite,changing,directorofworldaffairswhoworksincooperationwiththeworldinordertoachievegreaterperfectioninnature"(Geisler,576).

Theism Panentheism•GodisCreator

•Creation'exnihilo'

•Godsovereignoverworld

•Godisindependent

fromtheworld

•Godisunchanging

•Godisabsolutelyperfect

•GodisDirector

•Creation'exmateria'

•Godworkingwiththeworld

•Godisdependent

upontheworld

•Godischanging

•Godisbecomingmoreperfect

• "Incontrasttopantheism,panentheistsdeclarethatGod'sbeingisgreater thanandnotexhaustedbytheuniverse.Godisaffectedbyeacheventinthe universe,andthusGod'sknowledgemustchangeandgrow" (Grenz,PocketDictionary,88).

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f. Panentheism

(1) Defined:Godisineverythingbutisdistinct,yet interdependentwithcreation.

(2) Premise:Godisintheworldasthemindisinthebody.

(3) BiblicalResponse:

Psalm113:5-6(NASB) "Who is like the Lord our God, Who is enthroned on high, 6 Who humbles Himself to behold The things that are in heaven and in the earth?"

g. Deism

(1) Defined:Godcreatedtheuniversebutleftittorunits courseonitsown.

(2) Premise:Godistranscendent(beyond,removed,distant)but notimmanent(near,involved,present).

(3) Biblicalresponse:

Acts17:27-28 "God did this so that men would seek Him and perhaps reach out for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us. 28 'For in him we live and move and have our being.' As some of your own poets have said, ‘We are His offspring.'"

2. CorrectView:Theism(or,BiblicalTheism)

(1) Defined:aninfinite,personalGodcreatedtheuniverse (andintervenesinitfromtimetotime).

(2) Premise:Godisbothtranscendent(beyondus)and immanent(withus).

(3)Biblicalresponse:

• John14:1-2,14 "Do not let your hearts be troubled. Trust in God; trust also in me. 2 In my Father’s house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you. I am going there to prepare a place for you.…14 You may ask me for anything in my name, and I will do it."

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Romans1:18-20(ESV) "For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. 19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse."

1. GodrevealsHisexistencetopeople.

•towickedwhopush(suppress)thetruthawayfromthemselves(v.18)

•tobelieversintheirconversion(2Cor.5:17;Col.3:9-10)

2. GodrevealsHisexistencetopeople'sinnerawareness(v.19a).

•forthetruthaboutGodisknowntotheminstinctively...

3. GodrevealsHisexistencetopeople'ssenses(vv.19b-20a).

•theycanclearlyseeHisinvisiblequalities.

•theyhavenoexcusewhatsoever.

4.GodrevealsHisexistencetopeople'sreason(v.20b).

•noexcusewhatsoeverfornotknowingGod

•classicargumentsfortheexistenceofGod(outlinenotes,page65)

God RevealsByHisWords(Scriptures)

ByHisWorks(Creation)

God's Self-Revelation

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3. ArgumentsfortheExistenceofGod:

a. Cosmologicalargument

Thesis: Everynewthingorchangemusthaveacause.Forevery "effect",theremustbea"cause."Creationistheeffectthatthe uncaused,FirstCause(God)produced.

b. Teleologicalargument

Thesis: Designwithincreationpointstointelligentcause;awatch presupposesawatchmaker.Thedesign,orderandpurposein theuniversesuggestsSomeone(Intelligence)behindit. c. Anthropologicalargument

Thesis: Manhasaninnate,universalconsciousnessofamorallaw (somethingsareright;somethingsarewrong);yetauniversal morallawdemandsaMoralLawgiverwhomustbe absolutelygood.

d. Ontologicalargument

Thesis: Manhastheideaorconceptofaperfect,NecessaryBeing; ifmancanenvisionthisBeing,thenHemustexist;otherwise, ifHedidnotexist,HewouldnotbeperfectbecauseHe lackedexistence.

N.B."ObservethatthesefourargumentsdonotprovewithmathematicalcertaintytheexistenceofGod…Whiletheseargumentsdonotcompelbelief,theydogivearationalexplanationofourbeliefinGod'sexistence(1Pet.3:15;cp.Acts14:15-17;17:23-28)"(Barackman,PCT,41).

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What is God Like?

Psalm145:1-7"I will exalt you, my God the King; I will praise your name for ever and ever. 2 Every day I will praise you and extol your name for ever and ever. 3 Great is the Lord and most worthy of praise; his greatness no one can fathom. 4 One generation will commend your works to another; they will tell of your mighty acts. 5 They will speak of the glorious splendor of your majesty, and I will meditate on your wonderful works. 6 They will tell of the power of your awesome works, and I will proclaim your great deeds. 7 They will celebrate your abundant goodness and joyfully sing of your righteousness."

Godis"immanent"(NEAR), Godis"transcendent"(FAR)

Essence and Attributes

"TheessenceofGodisrevealedonlythroughtheattributes,andapartfromthemtheessenceisunknownandunknowable"(Cook,1:57).

"Essenceisthefundamentalnatureofsomethingapartfromwhichthethingwouldnotbewhatitis...thecoreofwhatmakessomethingwhatitiswithoutbeingsomethingelse"(Grenz,PocketDictionary,46).

"Anattributeisanessentialpropertywhichisintrinsictoitssubject"(Cook,1:57).

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C.NatureofGod

1. Essenceandattributes:

a. GodisoneBeing(essence)

TheessenceofGodis"thefullnatureofwhatGodis" (Erickson,Dictionary,65).

"AsincomprehensibleasGod'smakeupis,itseemstoconsistof threepersonhoodswithasingle,divine nature"(Barackman,46).

b. ButGodhasmanyattributes(perfections)

"GodcannotbereducedtooneormoreofHisattributes.Onthe otherhand,theyarenotseparatefromHisessence,andare indeedamanifestationofit"(Cook,1:57).

"ThecharacteristicsorqualitiesofGodwhichconstituteHimfor whatHeis...Theyshouldnotbethoughtofassomethingattributed toorpredicatedofHim,asifsomethingcouldbeaddedtoHis nature.Rather,theyareinseparablefromHisbeing" (Erickson,CDCT,16).

2. Classificationofattributes:

a. Incommunicableattributes

AttributesorperfectionsofGodforwhichthereareno correspondingcharacteristicsinhumannature.

(examplesfollow,pages69,71,73)

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Graphic Portrayal of the A

ttributes of God

(House,C

harts,40)

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(1) Aseity(Self-existence)

(a) Defined:Godisself-existentandisnotdependenton anythingoranyoneexternaltoHimself. (b)Described(Biblically):

Psalm90:2 "Before the mountains were born or you brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God."

(2) Immutability(Unchanging)

(a) Defined:Godisnotsubjecttochange;Heisunchanging andunchangeableinHisbeing.

(b)Described(Biblically):

Psalm102:27(NLT) "But you are always the same; you will live forever."

Malachi3:6a(NLT) "I am the Lord and I do not change…"

Immutability:DoesGodchangeHismind? Seesupplementalmaterial,page76.

(3) Infinity

(a) Defined:Godiswithoutlimits(otherthanself- limitation).


1Kings8:27 "But will God really dwell on earth? The heavens, even the highest heaven, cannot contain you. How much less this temple I have built!" (additionalScriptures,page71)

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Theologians Categories AttributesHenryC.ThiessenVernonD.Doerksen

Non-Moral OmnipresenceOmniscienceOmnipotenceImmutability

Moral HolinessRighteousnessandJusticeGoodnessandMercyTruth

AugustusHopkinsStrongAbsolute/Immanent Spirituality:life,personality

Infinity:self-existence,immutability,unityPerfection:truth,love,holiness

Relative/Transitive Relatedtotimeandspace:eternity,immensityRelatedtocreation:omnipresence,omniscience,omnipotenceRelatedtomoralbeings:truthandfaithfulnessmercyandgoodness(transitivelove),justiceandrighteousness(transitiveholiness)

(continued,p.72)

The Attributes of God:Varieties of Categorization

(Enns,Handbook,189-91)

A Practical Challenge : "HowcanweturnourknowledgeaboutGodintoknowledgeofGod?Therulefordoing thisisdemandingbutsimple.ItisthatweturneachtruththatwelearnaboutGod intomatterformeditationbeforeGod,leadingtoprayerandpraisetoGod." (J.I.Packer)

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Psalm147:5 "Great is our Lord and mighty in power; His understanding has no limit."

Job11:7-9 "Can you fathom the mysteries of God? Can you probe the limits of the Almighty? 8 They are higher than the heavens —what can you do? They are deeper than the depths of the grave —what can you know? 9 Their measure is longer than the earth and wider than the sea."

(4) Perfection

(a) Defined:Godiscomplete,perfect,finished;inHim, thereisnothinglackingnoristhereanydefect.


Deuteronomy32:4(NLT) "He is the Rock; His deeds are perfect. Everything He does is just and fair. He is a faithful God who does no wrong; how just and upright He is!"

Psalm18:30a(NASB) "As for God His way is blameless ..."

(5) Eternity (a) Defined:Godisnotboundbylimitationsoftime.


Psalm102:27(NASB) "But You are the same, And Your years will not come to an end."

2Peter3:8 "But do not forget this one thing, dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day."

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Theologians Categories Attributes

WilliamG.T.SheddCharlesHodgeLouisBerkhofHermanBavinck

Incommunicable •Shedd/Hodge:self-existence,simplicity,infinity,eternity,immutability

•Berkhof:self-existence,immutability,unity,infinity(perfection,eternity,immensity)

•Bavinck:independence,self-sufficiency,immutability,infinity:eternity,immensity(omnipresence);oneness(numerical,qualitative)

Communicable •Shedd/Hodge:wisdom,benevolence,holiness,justice,compassion,truth

•Berkhof:spiritualityintellectualknowledgewisdomveracitymoralgoodness(love,grace,

mercy,longsuffering)holinessrighteousness

remunerativejusticeretributivejustice

sovereigntysovereignwillsovereignpower

•Bavinck:LifeandSpirit

spiritualityinvisibility

Perfectinself-consciousnessknowledge,omnisciencewisdomveracity

Ethicalnaturegoodnessrighteousnessholiness

Lord,King,Sovereignwillfreedomomnipotence

AbsoluteBlessednessperfectionblessednessglory

(continued,p.74)


(continued)

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(6) Omnipresence

(a) Defined:Godispresenteverywhere;thereareno spatiallimitationsforHim.


Psalm139:7-8(NLT) "I can never escape from your Spirit! I can never get away from your presence! 8 If I go up to heaven, you are there; if I go down to the grave, you are there."

(7) Unity/Simplicity

(a) Defined:Godisone(unity);Godisuncompounded, indivisible(simplicity).


Deuteronomy6:4(NASB) "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one."

1Timothy1:17(NLT) "All honor and glory to God forever and ever! He is the eternal King, the unseen one who never dies; He alone is God. Amen."

b. Communicableattributes

AttributesorperfectionsofGodforwhichthereare correspondingcharacteristicsinhumannature.

(1) Spirituality

(a) Defined:GodinHisessenceisspirit(notaspirit) andimmaterial,distinctfromtheworldormatter.


John4:24(NASB) "God is spirit ..."

(continued-pages75,77,79)

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Theologians Categories Attributes

MillardJ.Erickson

Greatness SpiritualityPersonalityLifeInfinityConstancy

Goodness MoralPurityholinessrighteousnessjustice

Integritygenuinenessveracityfaithfulness

Lovebenevolencegracemercypersistence

GordonR.Lewis

Metaphysically Self-existentEternalUnchanging

Intellectually OmniscientFaithfulWise

Ethically HolyRighteousLoving

Emotionally DetestsevilLong-sufferingCompassionate

Existentially FreeAuthenticOmnipotent

Relationally TranscendentinbeingImmanentuniversallyin

providentialactivityImmanentwithHispeople

inredemptiveactivity


(continued)

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(2) Omniscience

(a) Defined:Godisall-knowing(perfectandcomplete, withoutlimitation).


Psalm147:4-5 "He counts the stars and calls them all by name. 5 How great is our Lord! His power is absolute! His understanding is beyond comprehension!"(actuality)

Matthew11:21 "Woe to you, Korazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! If the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes." (potentiality)

(3) Truth

(a) Defined:GodiswhollytrueinHisnature,wordsand works.


1John5:20(NASB) "And we know that the Son of God has come, and has given us understanding so that we may know Him who is true; and we are in Him who is true, in His Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God and eternal life."

John17:17 "Sanctify them by the truth; your word is truth."

Psalm33:4(NASB) "For the word of the Lord is upright, And all His work is done in faithfulness."

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YetwhenwetalkaboutGodbeingunchanginginhispurposeswemaywonderaboutplacesinScripturewhereGodsaidhewouldjudgehispeopleandthenbecauseofprayerorthepeople'srepentance(orboth)Godrelentedanddidnotbringjudgmentashehadsaidhewould.Examplesofsuchwithdrawingfromthreatenedjudgmentincludethesuccessful interventionofMoses inprayertopreventthedestructionofthepeopleofIsrael(Exod.32:9-14),theaddingofanotherfifteenyearstothelifeofHezekiah(Isa.38:1-6),orthefailuretobringpromisedjudgmentuponNinevehwhenthepeoplerepented(Jon.3:4,10).ArethesenotcaseswhereGod'spurposesinfactdidchange?

TheseinstancesshouldallbeunderstoodastrueexpressionsofGod'spresentattitudeorintentionwith respect to the situation as it exists at that moment.Ifthesituationchanges,thenofcourseGod'sattitudeorexpressionofintentionwillalsochange.ThisisjustsayingthatGod responds differently to different situations.TheexampleofJonahpreachingtoNinevehishelpfulhere.GodseesthewickednessofNinevehandsendsJonahtoproclaim,"Yetfortydays,andNinevehshallbeoverthrown!"(Jon.3:4).ThepossibilitythatGodwouldwithholdjudgmentifthepeoplerepentedisnotexplicitlymentionedinJonah'sproclamationasrecordedinScripture,butitisofcourseimplicitinthatwarning:thepurposeforproclaimingawarningistobringaboutrepentance.Oncethepeoplerepented,thesituationwasdifferent,andGodrespondeddifferentlytothatchangedsituation:"When God sawwhat they did,howtheyturnedfromtheirevilway,God repented of the evil which hehad said he would do to them; andhedidnotdoit"(Jon.3:10).AsinmanyotherplacesinScripture,Godrespondedtothenewsituationdifferently,butneverthelessremainedunchanginginhisbeingandhispurposes.(Infact,ifGoddidnotresponddifferentlywhenpeopleacteddifferently,thenpeople'sactionswouldmakenodifferencetoGod,andhewouldnotbethekindofjustandmercifulGodportrayedintheBible-unchanginginhisattributesofjusticeandmercy.) (Grudem,BD,74)

"Immutability"Issue:DoesGodsometimeschangeHismind?

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(4) Goodness

(a) Defined:GodiswhollygoodinHischaracterof benevolence,mercyandgrace.


Exodus33:19(NASB) "And He said, " I Myself will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of the Lord before you; and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show compassion on whom I will show compassion."

Psalm145:9(NLT) "The Lord is good to everyone. He showers compassion on all His creation."

(5) Holiness (a) Defined:Godissetapartfromtheuniverseandisset apartfromsinorsinfulness.


Psalm113:4-6(NLT) "For the Lord is high above the nations; His glory is higher than the heavens. 5 Who can be compared with the Lord our God, who is enthroned on high? 6 He stoops to look down on heaven and on earth."

Habakkuk1:12-13 "O Lord, are you not from everlasting? My God, my Holy One, we will not die. O Lord, you have appointed them to execute judgment; O Rock, you have ordained them to punish. 13 Your eyes are too pure to look on evil; you cannot tolerate wrong. Why then do you tolerate the treacherous? Why are you silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than themselves?"

1Peter1:16 "For the Scriptures say, 'You must be holy because I am holy.'"

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Righteousness :

Psalm19:7-11(fromLifeApplicationBible,1106)

19:7-11 "When we think of law, we often think of something that keeps us from having fun. But here we see the opposite - law that revives us, makes us wise, gives joy to the heart, gives light to the eyes, warns us, and rewards us. That's because God's laws are guidelines and lights for our path, rather than chains on our hands and feet. They point at danger and warn us, then point at success and guide us."

Inthefinalanalysis,mandoesnotbreakGod'slaws; God'slawsbreakman.

Sovereignty :

Sovereigntyistherighttoruleandreign.TosaythatGodis sovereignisnottosimplyaddanotherattributeorperfection tothelist.ItistoacknowledgethattheCreatorhasultimate sovereigntyoverallthatHehascreated.HeisthePotter; wearetheclay.HeistheSovereign;weareHissubjects.His willalonewillbeaccomplishedineternity.Therecanbeno pretenderstoHisthrone,Hisrealm,Hisrule.Heis AbsoluteKingwithAbsoluteAuthority.

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(6) Righteousness (a) Defined:God'sdemands,lawsandactionsareexactly, perfectlyright.


Psalm19:7-9 "The instructions of the Lord are perfect, reviving the soul. The decrees of the Lord are trustworthy, making wise the simple. 8 The commandments of the Lord are right, bringing joy to the heart. The commands of the Lord are clear, giving insight for living. 9 Reverence for the Lord is pure, lasting forever. The laws of the Lord are true; each one is fair."

Notethecomments,precedingpage78.

(7) Sovereignty

(a) Defined:God'sruleissupreme;Hisisthehighestposition andauthority.


Deuteronomy10:14(NASB) "Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the highest heavens, the earth and all that is in it.'"

Deuteronomy4:39(KJV) "Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the Lord he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else."

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Form Name Meaning (Passage)

Elforms ElShaddai

ElOlam

ElElyon

ElQodash

ElQanno

ElEloheIsrael

ElRoi

ElGadolwawNora

ElChanunwawRachum

ElNeeman ElChai

"thealmightyGod"(Gen.17:1)

"theeverlastingGod"(Gen.21:33)

"themosthighGod"(Gen.14:18-20)

"God,theholyOne"(Josh.24:19)

"thejealousGod"(Josh.24:19) "God,theGodofIsrael"(Gen.33:20)

"theGodwhosees"(Gen.16:13)

"thegreatandterribleGod"(Deut.7:21) "thegraciousandmercifulGod"(Jonah4:2)

"thefaithfulGod"(Deut.7:9)

"thelivingGod"(Josh.3:10)

Elohimforms ElohimChayim

ElohimSabaoth

"thelivingGod"(Deut.5:26)

"theGodofhosts(armies)"(Amos3:13)

YHWHforms YahwehSabaoth

YahwehJireh

YahwehRapha

YahwehNissi

YahwehQadash

YahwehRohi

YahwehTsidkenu

YahwehShalom

YahwehShammah

"TheLORDofhosts(armies)"(ISam.17:45)

"theLORDwhosees(toprovide)"(Gen.22:14) "theLORDwhoheals"(Exod.15:26)

"theLORD,mybanner"(Exod.17:15)

"theLORDwhosanctifies"(Lev.20:8)

"theLORD,myshepherd"(Ps.23:1)

"theLORDourrighteousness"(Jer.23:6) "theLORD(is)peace"(Judg.6:24)

"theLORD(is)there"(Ezek.48:35;cp.Zech.8:22;14:16-17)

Compound Hebrew Names for God(Barackman,67-68)

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D.PrimaryNamesofGod

1. OldTestament

a. Elohim(El)

(1) Generic,commonnamefordeity(2570x);used ofthetrue,BiblicalGod(2310x)

(2) "El"issingular;"Elohim"isplural:why? (a) Polytheisticplural

(b)Trinitarianplural

(c) Majesticplural (stressesgreatness,supremacy,plenitudeofpower;most oftentakesasingularverb)

(3) Rootmeaningcouldbe"fear";perhapsbettertosee "strength"or"power."

b. YHWH

(1) Personal,covenantnameofGod(5321x)

(2) Givenatburningbushrevelation;"IamthatIam"(Ex.6:3)

(3) Toosacredtobepronounced;piousJewssubstituted Adonai(Lord)

c. Adonai

(1) LikeElohim,alikelypluralofmajesty

(2) Foundabout400xinOT

(3) Carriestheideaofabsoluteauthority

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The Ultimate Reality of God

ThroughoutthehistoryofthepeopleofIsrael,theystruggledwithidolworshiporchasingafterthefalsegodsofthevariouspeoplesaroundthem.Thiswasso,evenwithclearcommandsagainstthis.

Exodus20:1-6(NASB)"Then God spoke all these words, saying, 2 “ I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3 “ You shall have no other gods before Me. 4 “ You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me, 6 but showing lovingkindness to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments."

Deuteronomy4:15-19(NLT)"But be very careful! You did not see the Lord’s form on the day He spoke to you from the heart of the fire at Mount Sinai. 16 So do not corrupt yourselves by making an idol in any form—whether of a man or a woman, 17 an animal on the ground, a bird in the sky, 18 a small animal that scurries along the ground, or a fish in the deepest sea. 19 And when you look up into the sky and see the sun, moon, and stars—all the forces of heaven—don’t be seduced into worshiping them. The Lord your God gave them to all the peoples of the earth."

Hosea4:11-13(NASB)"Harlotry, wine and new wine take away the understanding. 12 My people consult their wooden idol, and their diviner’s wand informs them; For a spirit of harlotry has led them astray, And they have played the harlot, departing from their God. 13 They offer sacrifices on the tops of the mountains And burn incense on the hills, Under oak, poplar and terebinth, Because their shade is pleasant. Therefore your daughters play the harlot And your brides commit adultery. Even the New Testament writer had to end his letter with a sharp warning."

1John5:21(NASB)"Little children, guard yourselves from idols."

God or False Idols?God FalseIdols

* Intangible(spiritnotmaterial)* Eternal* HolyandUnmanageable* Spiritual&MoralPurity* UltimateReality

* Tangible(false,yetmaterial)* Temporal* Base,andabletobemanipulated* Physical&SexualImmorality* UltimateDeception

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2. NewTestament

a. Theos(Grk.="God")

(1) MostfrequentwordforGodintheNewTestament (morethan1000x)

(2) MayrefertothedivineTrinitywhentermappearsalone (contextdetermines)

(3) OftenusedtorefertoGodtheFather (cf.Jn.3:16;Ro.1:8-9;etal.)

b. Kurios(Grk.="Lord")

(1) Occursabout600xintheNewTestament

(2) Basicmeaningis"onehavingauthorityorpower" (similartoHeb.="Adonai")

(3) CommonlyreferstoGodtheSon (contextalwaysdetermines)

c. Patēr(Grk.="Father")

(1) Fromtherootsignifyingnourisher,protector,upholder

(2) Commonusageofhumanfathers,ancestors,soforth

(3) UsedofGodtheFatherinrelationshiptothosebornanew, thusnowbelievers(Jn.1:12-13;Eph.2:17;etal.)

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"Theological Statements of the Doctrine of the Triunity"

1. ThereisintheDivineBeingbutoneIndivisibleessence(essentialbeingornature).

2. InthisoneBeingtherearethreepersons(orthreeindividualsubsistences)-Father,Son,andHolySpirit.

3. ThewholeundividedessenceofGodbelongstoeachofthreepersons(nosubordinationoftheessentialbeingofanyperson).

4. ThedoctrineoftheTriunityisinscrutable,amysteryprogressivelyrevealedintheScripturestobeapprehendedbutnotfullycomprehendedbyman.

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E. Triunity(Trinity)ofGod

1. BiblicalsupportfortheTriunity

a. ABiblicalunderstandingoftheTriunitymustinclude 2affirmations:

(1) ThatGodexistsasone(singularity,unity).

(2) ThatGodexistsasthreedistinct,eternal,simultaneous Persons(personalities,distinctions).

(3) Summary:"tri"(three)+"unity"(oneness)="triunity" ofGod.(perhapsbetterthanthecommonlyusedtermTrinity)

b. Definitions:

(1) Trinity:"areferencetothedoctrinethatGodisoneandyet existseternallyinthreepersons"(Erickson,Dictionary,171).

(2) Trinity(orTri-unity):"meansthattheonedivinenatureis aunityofthreepersonsandthatGodisrevealedasthree distinctpersons;Father,SonandHolySpirit" (Grenz,PocketDictionary,116).

c. ImplicationsoftheTriunityintheOldTestament:

(1) Pluralityimplied:

(a) Elohim(pl.formof"El"=God)

Deuteronomy6:4 "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God (Elohim), the Lord is one." Genesis1:1 "In the beginning God (Elohim) created the heavens and the earth."

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The Concept of "Trinity"(inOTPersonificationsofGod)

Threemajor'personifications'ofGodcanbediscernedwithinits(theOldTestament)pages,whichnaturallyleadontotheChristiandoctrineoftheTrinity.Theseare:

1. Wisdom -"ThispersonificationofGodisespeciallyevidentintheWisdom literature,suchasProverbs,Job,andEcclesiastes.Theattributeofdivine wisdomisheretreatedasifitwereaperson(hencetheideaof'personification', withanexistenceapartfrom,yetdependentuponGod).Wisdom(who isalwaystreatedasfemale,incidentally)isportrayedasactiveincreation, fashioningtheworldinherimprint"(Prov.1:20-23;9:1-6;Job28).

2. The Word of God-"Here,theideaofGod'sspeechordiscourseistreatedas anentitywithanexistenceindependentofGod,yetoriginatingwithGod. TheWordofGodisportrayedasgoingforthintotheworldtoconfrontmen andwomenwiththewillandpurposeofGod,bringingguidance,judgment, andsalvation"(Ps.119:89;147:15-20;Is.55:10-11).

3. The Spirit of God-"TheOldTestamentusesthephrase'thespiritofGod'to refertoGod'spresenceandpowerwithinthecreation.Thespiritisportrayed asbeingpresentintheexpectedMessiah(Is.42:1-3),andasbeingthe agentofanewcreationwhichwillarisewhentheoldorderhasfinally passedaway"(Ezek.36:26;37:1-4). (A.McGrath,ChristianTheology,320)

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(b)Pluralpronouns

Genesis1:26 "Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.'"

Isaiah6:8 "Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, 'Whom shall I send? And who will go for us?' And I said, 'Here am I. Send me!'"

(c) PluralityofindividualscalledGod

Zechariah1:12-13 "Then the angel of the Lord said, 'Lord Almighty, how long will you withhold mercy from Jerusalem and from the towns of Judah, which you have been angry with these seventy years?' 13 So the Lord spoke kind and comforting words to the angel who talked with me."

Zechariah3:1-2 "Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right side to accuse him. 2 The Lord said to Satan, 'The Lord rebuke you, Satan! The Lord, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebuke you! Is not this man a burning stick snatched from the fire?'"

(d)DeityofHolySpiritdistinctfromGod

Psalm139:7 "Where can I go from your Spirit? Where can I flee from your presence?"

Psalm51:11 "Do not cast me from your presence or take your Holy Spirit from me."

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Quotes: "Timeaftertime,NewTestamentpassageslinktogetherthesethreeelementsas partofagreatwhole...thereistheclosestofconnectionsbetweentheFather,Son, andSpiritintheNewTestament...TheFatherisrevealedinChristthrough theSpirit." (A.McGrath,320)

"AllthreebranchesofChristianity-EasternOrthodox,RomanCatholic,and ProtestantaffirmthefaithofNicea,whichisanotherwayofsayingthey affirmtheTrinity." (R.Olson,MosaicofChristianBelief,134)

"ChristianbeliefinGodastriunedidnotariseinthefourthcenturywith Romanemperor,ConstantineandtheChristianbishopsthathedominated. BeliefthatitarosethenaspartofavaguepaganizingorHellenizingof Christianityisacaricatureoftenpromotedbyantitrinitariancultsandsects. Allonehastodoisreadsecond-andthird-centurychurchfatherssuch asAthenagoras,Tertullian,Irenaeus,OrigenorCypriantoseeimmediately thatChristiansbelievedintheTrinitylongbeforeConstantinecalledall theChristianbishopstothefirstecumenicalcouncilatNiceain325." (R.Olson,135)

Theological Statements on the Trinity(A.H.Strong,SystematicTheology,304)

"ThedoctrineoftheTrinitymaybeexpressedinthesixfollowingstatements:

1. InScripturetherearethreewhoarerecognizedasGod. 2. ThesethreearesodescribedinScripturethatwearecompelledto conceivethemasdistinctpersons. 3. Thistri-personalityofthedivinenatureisnotmerely economic,andtemporal,butisimmanentandeternal. 4. Thistri-personalityisnotTritheism,forwhiletherearethreepersons, thereisbutoneessence. 5. Thethreepersons,Father,Son,andHolySpiritareequal. 6.Inscrutableyetnotself-contradictory,thisdoctrinefurnishesthekey toallotherdoctrines."

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(2) Triunityimplied

Isaiah63:7-10 "I will tell of the kindnesses of the Lord, the deeds for which He is to be praised, according to all the Lord has done for us— yes, the many good things He has done for the house of Israel, according to His compassion and many kindnesses. 8 He said, 'Surely they are my people, sons who will not be false to me'; and so He became their Savior. 9 In all their distress He too was distressed, and the angel of his presence saved them. In his love and mercy He redeemed them; He lifted them up and carried them all the days of old. 10 Yet they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit. So He turned and became their enemy and He himself fought against them."

d. RevelationoftheTriunityintheNewTestament

(1) TheFatherisGod

John6:27 "Do not work for food that spoils, but for food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you. On Him God the Father has placed His seal of approval."

Ephesians4:6 "...one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all."

(2) JesusChristisGod

Hebrews1:8 "But about the Son he says, 'Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever, and righteousness will be the scepter of your kingdom…'"

John1:1-2,14 "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was with God in the beginning... 14 The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. We have seen His glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth."

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Illustration of the Trinity

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(3) HolySpiritisGod

Acts5:3-4 "Then Peter said, 'Ananias, how is it that Satan has so filled your heart that you have lied to the Holy Spirit and have kept for yourself some of the money you received for the land? 4 Didn’t it belong to you before it was sold? And after it was sold, wasn’t the money at your disposal? What made you think of doing such a thing? You have not lied to men but to God…'"

(4) EqualityandOnenessofGod

Matthew28:19 "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit..."

2Corinthians13:14 "May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all."

1Peter1:2 "... who have been chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through the sanctifying work of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and sprinkling by His blood: Grace and peace be yours in abundance."

e. IllustrationsoftheTriunity

(1) Toillustrate(theTriunity)istoexplainbyuseofexamples ordiagrams.MostillustrationsoftheTriunityarefaulty emphasizingonenessagainstthreenessorvice-versa.

(2) Ancientillustration

Seediagramonprecedingpage(observe:howisboth onenessandthreenessbalanced?).

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(3) Analogy

Triplepointisthetemperatureandpressureatwhichthethree phasesofsolid,liquidandgascoexistinthermodynamic equilibrium.

Forwater,itisthatconditionwhereice,steamandliquid coexistinequilibrium,thusforH2Oaonenessandthreeness.

(4) PopularanalogiesfortheTriunity(yetillustrationstendto ultimatelyfailtodescribetheBiblicalconceptofTriunity):

(a) Egg:yolk,white,shellallformoneegg

(b)Man:body,soul,spiritinoneman

(c) Primarycolors:red,blue,yellowformthecolors

TheTriunity Trytoexplainit,andyou'llloseyourmind; But,trytodenyit,andyou'llloseyoursoul. -Anonymous

2. PrimaryfaultyviewsoftheTriunity:

See"FalseViewsoftheTriunity"page92.

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