BROADCASTING TECHNICAL EVOLUTION

Andrew King

Director : BroadSpectrum Consultants

Chair : Australian Radiocommunications Study Group 6 (Broadcasting)

Consultants Pty Ltd Specialists in Broadcast and RF Spectrum © 2016

© 2016

MORE DETAIL (DEFINITION)

UHDTV (1)

3840 x 2160

8.3 Mpixels

Digital Cinema 2K

2048 x 1080 2.21 Mpixels

Digital Cinema 4K

4096 x 2160 8.84 Mpixels

SD (PAL)

720 x 576

0.414Mpixels

HDTV 720P

1280 x 720

0.922 Mpixels

HDTV 1080I or P 1920 x 1080

2.027 Mpixels

UHDTV (2)

Super Hi-Vision

7680 x 4320

33.2 Mpixels

© 2016

MORE COLOURS (GAMUT)

• UHDTV can offer more realism

• Quantization of levels• With more colours to represent, higher

bit sample rates (10-bit) are critical

UHD Colour Space (ITU-R Rec. BT.2020)

Expanded colour space for

more realistic pictures

HD Colour Space (ITU-R Rec. BT.709)

Pointer, 1980

Colours seen by human eye

© 2016

MORE DYNAMIC RANGE

Images : Dolby Laboratories

Standard Dynamic Range

High Dynamic Range• HDR parameters still to

be finalised in ITU-R

© 2016

HIGH EFFICIENCY VIDEO CODING

• Developed by Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) between ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and ITU-T SG16/Q.6 Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)

• Published Standard ISO/IEC 23008-2 MPEG-H Part 2 and ITU-T H.265

• Wider ranges of video characteristics, more profiles, more complexity, but offers lower transmission bitrates

© 2016

DISTRIBUTION BITRATES

MPEG-2

Video

MPEG-4 /

AVC

HEVC

Spec. First Released 1994 2003 2013

SD 3 - 5 Mbps 1.8 - 3 Mbps 1 - 1.8 Mbps

HD 10 - 18 Mbps 5 - 9 Mbps 2.5 - 4.5 Mbps

4K UHDTV

(2160p50 10bit)Not Available Not Available 8 – 15 Mbps (typ)

15 – 25 Mbps (higher)

© 2016

DVB-T2 UPDATE

• Technology• Physical layer pipes – fixed, portable,

mobile all in one carrier

• Constellations up to 256 QAM –increasing spectral efficiency

• Interleaving – better impulse noise immunity

• Initial trials

• Waiting for good demodulators to become available

• Europe planning to launch DVB-T2 HD services

2009 2016

• Wide and varied rollouts around the

world• Fixed, portable, mobile

• S. E. Asia, NZ, Fiji, Tonga, PNG

• STB prices <$US30

• DVB-T2 tuner standard in larger flat

panel televisions

• Major CE suppliers 2016 models will all

have 4K UHD, WCG & HDR.

• But not necessarily to the same

standards as each other

Receivers

© 2016

ATSC 3.0

• UHDTV is a key goal of ATSC 3.0• –4k is the current focus, with 8k possible in the future

• Resolution of 3840 ×2160• Frame rate of 60 Hz; 120 Hz is under consideration

• High dynamic range

• Wide colour gamut (Rec. 2020)

• 10 bits/pixel

• HDTV delivery to mobile and handheld devices such as tablets

• Physical Layer Similarities to DVB-T2• Same FFT sizes of 8K, 16K and 32K• Time Division multiplexing option• Physical Layer Pipe concept is same, Multiple PLP is a likely use case• Hierarchical preambles preceding frames • Low Density Parity Check for Forward Error Correction is similar, but there are new codes

with different code rates

• Standards Final Approval expected Q2 2017, products later

© 2016

SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY

Current Australian DVB-T Broadcasts (3.3)

Equivalent ATSC 3.0 Broadcasts (5.2)

Equivalent DVB-T2 Broadcasts (5.0)

DVB-T

Shannon Limit

ATSC 3.0

DVB-T2

Richer, Next Generation DTV: ATSC 3.0

ATSC 3.0 4096QAM Max 10.8bits/s/Hz

DVB-T2 256QAM Max 6.4 bits/s/Hz

© 2016

EBU LTE eMBMS STUDY

Study examined the effects of self-interference in an LTE eMBMSnetwork in different reception conditions and with different inter-site distances (ISD)

EBU Technical Review Q2 2014 Brugger & Schertz

© 2016

SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY COMPARISON

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Inter Site Distance (km)

LTE SFN/eMBMS

DVB-T today

DVB-T2 Equivalent

DVB-T2 Max

ATSC 3.0 Max

Japan Trial

© 2016

NETWORK TOPOLOGY COMPARISONS

EBU Technical Review Q2 2014 Brugger & Schertz

HTHP coverage radius 25km vs ISD of 2, 5 and 10km for LTLP network

LTLP Network 568 BSreduce spectrum,

but capex costs x18

LTLP Network 23 BS same costs,

Bandwidth x 4, Blocked Spectrum x5

© 2016

WHAT ABOUT IP DELIVERY?• 3 hours / day of television viewing

• HD MPEG-4 AVC 5 Mbit/s

• 211 Gbytes/month of data

• Broadcaster has to have:

• additional costs for a Content Delivery Network and large scale internet access

• Network requires high capacity Edge Servers

• 10,000 line exchange needs 50 Gigabit Ethernet port systems!

• Viewer needs:

• internet plan of at least $70 / month and a connection with suitable speed

• Network transmission costs between 10 and 1000 times compared to RF transmission

Does this mean becomes ?

Raises many service delivery, regulatory and policy issues.

© 2016

SUMMARY

• New television technology offers more - detail, colour and dynamic range.

• Consumer product with the latest display technology is imminent

• More transmission capacity is required for broadcasting to take advantage of the available technology

• Existing broadcasting terrestrial transmission networks are the most economical form of delivery to large number of viewers simultaneously

• Other transmission methods cater to other business models