Session 28 ic2011 robinson
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Transcript of Session 28 ic2011 robinson
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©USFS
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Since the first utilization of timber as a structural material, man has
sought to extend the service life of wood by reducing moisture
sorption.• Biblical Times: Pitch
• Ancient Greece: Olive oil
• Roman Times: First use of petroleum treatments
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Within the last century, petroleum products have dominated the wood
preservation industry’s moisture resistant treatments
• John Bethell (1804-1867)
• Full-Cell Process
• Creosote
• Pentachlorophenol
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In the context of this work, water repellency is the primary mechanism
for increasing wood durabilityEuropean researchers are studying many natural
water-repellent treatments
• Linseed Oil
• Sunflower Oil
• Rapeseed Oil
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• Enviromental Impact- life of the product within the environment
• Economic Impact- cost structure of the product and end-user pricing
The wood-products industry must develop ‘environmentally sensitive’
products to satisfy consumer demand and the increasing regulatory pressure
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• Improve the moisture resistance of southern yellow pine
• Impregnate southern yellow pine (pinusspp.) with wood pyrolysis oil
• Determine differences between high and low pressure treatment
• Determine the minimum retention levels necessary for improved moisture resistance
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Pyrolysis is a process where cellulosic biomass is heated in an oxygen-free environment:•Traditional
•Slow heat transfer, long residence time•High char and low gas production
•Fast•Fast heat transfer, short residence time•Low char and high gas production•Best suited for pyrolysis oil production
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(Princeton University)
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Characteristics:
Contains over 300 compounds•Two phased:
•Hydrophobic•Phenolics
•Hydrophilic•Hydroxyaldehydes•Hydroxyketones•Sugars•Carboxylic Acids
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Wood pyrolysis oil:•Rich in hydrophobic phenolic compounds•Biocidal to wood-degrading fungi.
•Fungi requires moisture:•Wood is typically impervious to fungal
degradation below 30% MC
•Hydrophobic/biocidal compound: •economical and environmentally sustainable
treatment option
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Pyrolysis Specifications:•Auger-style reactor•Juvenile pine- forest residue•Reaction temperatures: 400-540°C•Homogenized using methanol 50%v/v•Filtered 5x using #1 Whatman paper
Treatment Specifications:•Bethell full-cell process•Dilutions: 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5%v/v pyrolysis oil•1hr. vacuum 1hr. pressure
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Research Methods: Water Repellency
High Pressure Soak Low-Pressure Soak
Impregnation methods •High Pressure: 27” Hg Vacuum : 8.5 atm Pressure•Low Pressure: 27” Hg Vacuum : 1 atm Pressure
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Drying Vacuum Pressure Evaporation
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Research Methods: Water Repellency
Materials:• Whole bio-oil• Southern Yellow Pine (1” x 1” cubes)
Methods:1. Conditioned to a stable moisture content2. Determine specific gravity
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With increasing pyrolysis oil concentration, the size of diameter of saturated lumens increased
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• Pyrolysis oil was successfully impregnated into Southern Yellow Pine using either high or low pressure methods
• In a vapor environment moisture resistant benefits to moisture sorption and tangential expansion plateaued at concentrations of 10%
• In a soak environment, benefits were directly related to the concentration of pyrolysis oil
• Leachability of the treatment from the substrate is the main drawback to this treatment option
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