Project Quality Management

. Project Quality Management

Knowledge Area

Process

Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring & Contol Closing

Quality   Quality Planning  Perform Quality - Assurance

Perform Quality - Control  

Enter phase/Start project

Exit phase/End project

InitiatingProcesses

ClosingProcesses

PlanningProcesses

ExecutingProcesses

Monitoring &Controlling Processes

Project Quality Management

• Quality is degree to which the project fulfills requirements

• Quality Management includes creating and following policies and procedures to ensure that a project meet the defined needs (from the customer’s perspective).

• Completing project with no deviations from the project requirements.

Quality Concepts

• Quality vs. Grade– Quality: the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements

– Quality level that fails to meet quality requirements is always a PROBLEM

– Grade: a category assigned to product or service having the same functional use but different technical characteristics

– Low grade may not be a problem

DEMING, W. EdwardContinuous improvement PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) Top down support ( top management support )

CROSBY, PhilipPerformance standard is “Zero defect “

Cost of quality is measured by cost of non-conformance

Conformance to requirements

Quality comes from Prevention

JURAN, J. MosesFitness for use Technical / Statistical focusJuran’s Trilogy : Quality improvement, Quality planning and Quality Control

Quality Management Gurus

Important points

• Customer satisfaction• Conformance to requirement• Fitness for use: product/service produced must satisfy real needs

• Prevention over inspection• Cost of preventing mistakes < cost of correcting• Quality is planned not inspected in

• Continuous improvement (Kaizen)• Based on PDCA cycle

• Management Responsibility• Success requires the participation of all members of the project team,•but remains the responsibility of management to provide the resources needed to succeed.

Difference Between Quality Processes

Quality Planning Quality Assurance Quality ControlPlanning Implementation Control

Determine which quality standards are relevant and how to

measure them

Determine if the quality measurement is relevant

Perform the measurement and

compare to the plan

Plan Quality

• The process of identifying requirement and/or standards for the project and product and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance.

Inputs

1. Scope baseline2. Stakeholder register3. Cost performance 

baseline4. Schedule baseline5. Risk register6. Enterprise 

environmental factors7. Organizational process 

assets

Tools & Techniques

1. Cost benefit analysis2. Cost of Quality (CoQ)3. Control charts4. Benchmarking5. Design of experiments6. Statistical sampling7. Flowcharting8. Proprietary quality 

management methodologies

9. Additional quality planning tools

Outputs

1. Quality management plan

2. Quality metrics3. Quality checklists4. Process improvement 

plan5. Project document 

updates

Cost-Benefit Analysis-The primary benefits of meeting quality requirements can include less rework, higher productivity, and increased stakeholder satisfaction.- A business case for each quality activity compares the cost of the quality step to the expected benefit.

Cost of Quality

• Cost of quality (CoQ)

– Looking at what the cost of conformance and nonconformance to quality and creating an appropriate balance

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Image Source: PMBOK Guide 4nd Edition. PMI © 2008

Control charts

Upper control limit

Lower control limit

Out of controlAssignable/special cause

Specification limit: is point determines by customer, not calculated based on control chart

Normal and expected variationUsually 3 or 6 sigma

Rule of seven (non random data points)Out of controlAssignable/special cause

Normal distribution curve

• Benchmarking comparing actual or planned

project practices to those of

comparable projects to identify

best practices, generate ideas for

improvement, and provide a basis

for measuring performance.

Design of Experiments

-provide the optimal conditions for the

product or process, highlight the factors

that influence the results

-reveal the presence of interactions and

synergy among the factors.

Statistical Sampling

-choosing part of a population

of interest for inspection

- Sample frequency and sizes

should be determined

Flowcharting

- graphical representation of a

process showing the relationships

among process steps

• Proprietary Quality Management Methodologies

Three Sigma, Six Sigma,

• Additional Quality Planning Tools

• Brainstorming

• • Affinity diagrams.

• • Force field analysis: which are

diagrams of the forces for and

against change.

• • Nominal group techniques

Output

• Quality Management Plan–Contains: 

• Project management method•Role and responsibility in managing quality•Deliverable measurement• Standard for monitoring & control purpose• Process review•Major check points• Inspection & acceptance criteria

QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANProject Title: Date Prepared:

Quality Roles and Responsibilities:Role: Responsibilities:

1. Describe the role needed.2.3.4.

1. Describe the responsibilities associated with the role.2. 3.4.

Quality Assurance Approach:Describe the processes, procedures, methods, tools, and techniques that will be used in performing quality assurance activities.

Quality Control Approach:Describe the processes, procedures, methods, tools, and techniques that will be used in performing quality control activities.

Quality Improvement Approach:Describe the processes, procedures, methods, tools, and techniques that will be used in performing quality improvement activities.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANProject Title: Date Prepared:

Quality Roles and Responsibilities:Role: Responsibilities:

1.Initiate action to prevent the occurrence of non-conforming work 2.Identify, evaluate, and document quality problems 3.Recommend or initiate quality improvement solutions 4.Stop the work when non-conforming work is identified, until the deficiency is corrected

1. all personnel who manage, perform, and ensure the quality of the work

Quality Assurance Approach:Develop check list to ensure all activities is performed in right method.Develop, implement, and manage the team in QA program ,Provide training for the staff to ensure appropriate training quality procedures are in place, through pre-activity meetings and daily on site reviews

Quality Control Approach:

Provide quality control sampling and testing to develop and refine work processes to meet quality requirements and provide conformance to the contract, plans, and specifications. b. Submit documentation to the PM on a daily basis as performed and needed

Quality Improvement Approach:Observation the sequence of activities can make improving in sequencing Comparing the actual performed work to plan making continuous improvementAnalyzing reasons of non- conforming work

Quality metricsAn operational that describes 

how quality control process 

will measure it.

What are things that important 

to measure and decide what 

measurement is acceptable

QUALITY METRICSProject Title: Date Prepared:

ID Item Metric Measurement MethodWBS or other identifier.

Item to be measured. Measurement. Method of measuring.

QUALITY METRICS

Project Title:

Constructing private hospital

Date Prepared:

ID Item Metric Measurement Method

1.1.2 Purchase of medical devices

on-time performance Comparing between planned time and actual time

1.1.1.2 Test of medical devices

Test coverage The variance between number of planned test and number of actual tests

1.3.1 Electrical installation

staying within the approved budget by ± 10%

The variance between budget and actual cost

• Quality checklists– A list of items to inspect, step to be performed and note if any defects found

– Checklists range from simple to complex based on project requirements and practices.

Process Improvement Plan

•Process boundaries. Describes the purpose of processes, their start and end, their inputs/outputs, the

data required, the owner, and the stakeholders.

• Process configuration.

A graphic depiction of processes, with interfaces identified, used to facilitate

analysis.

• Process metrics. Along with control limits, allows analysis of process efficiency.

• Targets for improved performance. Guides the process improvement activities

– Six Sigma uses the DMAIC steps as a road map for improving processes.

– There are only 5 steps.– They are logical and

they can be used to improve any processes in any industry.

DMAIC – The Road Map for Improving Results

Process Under Study

Y = f(X1, X2, X3, ...Xn)

QUESTIONS?

1 -A planning phase for an engineering component

generated 80 engineering drawings. The QA team randomly

selected 8 drawings for inspection. This exercise can BEST be

described as example of :

A-Inspection

B-Statistical Sampling

C-Flowcharting

D-Control Charting

2- Quality is:

1- Meeting and exceeding the customer’s

expectations

2- Adding extras to make the customer happy

3- Conformance to requirements and fitness of use

4- Conformance to management’s requirements

3- which of the following explain why quality is

planned not inspected in ?

A-it reduces quality and is less expensive

B- it improves quality and is more expensive

C- it reduces quality and is more expensive

D- it improves quality and is less expensive

4-What are the cost types in modern quality management?

A- Costs of good quality – costs of bad quality

B- Planning costs – assurance costs – control costs

C-Planning costs – doing costs – checking costs – acting costs

D- Prevention costs – appraisal costs – failure costs

5- all of the following are examples of the cost of

nonconformance except

A- rework

B- quality training

C-scrap

D-warranty costs

6- a control chart shows seven data points in a row

on one side of the mean what should be done?

A- perform a design of experiments

B- Adjust the chart to reflect the new mean

C- find an assignable cause

D- nothing .this is the rule of seven and can be

ignored

Thank you