SEROLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY :PATRICIA CLARIZA SANTOS

VIRGIL DELGADOPJ JUANICA

DIANNAH MANZANOKC ACUBILLA

CHEMARIE TO-ONG

www.group4.com

SEROLOGY - is the study of blood serum, which serum is the clear fluid that separates when blood clots.

SERUM

IMMUNOLOGY- is the study of the body's immune system and its functions and disorders.

TEST PERFORMED IN SEROLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY:Immunology test or assays usually determine tumor markers, hormones, while serology determines the disease thru the manifestations of immune complex.

TEST USES

Immunoglobins To determine the state of an immunodeficiency and certain cancers.

Rheumatoid factor To classify arthritis and diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)

To diagnoses syphilis, which then must be confirmed with a more specific test.

HLA Typing (Human leukocyte antigen

To determine compatibility in organ transplantation, to determine paternity and to diagnose HLA-related disorders

Common immunology and serology tests:

CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE LABORATORY :

A. Primary

C. Tertiary

B. Secondary

Immunology and serology laboratories focus on:

•identifying antibodies (proteins made by a type of white blood cell in response to an antigen -- a foreign protein -- in the body).•investigating problems with the immune system such as autoimmune diseases (when the body's immune system turns on its own tissues) and immunodeficiency disorders (when a body's immune system is underactive).•determining organ compatibility for transplantation.

SPECIMEN COLLECTION:Usually Serology and Immunology assays requires SERUM.

SERUM

But in D-dimer, it requires plasma, Anti-coagulant should be trisodium citrate with a ratio of 1:9 with the whole blood.

D-dimer

2 types of ABO method:

FACILITIES:

Basic procedures in flow chart form:

-Draw a parallelogram to indicate a step in the procedure which requires input, such as material to be tested, or will produce output, such as a mixture.

-Connect each box, which represents an aspect of the procedure, to the following box (or step) with a line. If you like, you can add arrows to the line to show the direction of flow, although typically, a flow chart flows naturally from the top down to the bottom. When you have lateral (or sideways) movement, however, you might wish to add arrows for clarity.

-Use a basic rectangle for each of your straightforward processing steps in which there is only one outcome that will lead to the next step.

-Connect to a diamond box when the step can produce more than one result. Perhaps this is a testing phase in your laboratory procedure in which the sample might test as positive or negative. (Or you might be testing for different ranges of values). For each outcome, draw a line from this diamond box to start a new branch of your flowchart. Label each branch with the outcome result, such as "positive" and "negative.“

-Use a round circle to represent the stop or end of a procedure step. Perhaps after a result comes up negative, there is no further testing. In this situation, the line would lead to an end circle.

- Connect together parallelograms, rectangles, diamonds and circles in whatever order your procedure dictates until all paths either end at a circle or the path points back up to a previous step for situations where you must go back and repeat the procedure. Once all outcomes are covered, your laboratory procedure is completed.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TEST

The significance and uses of the test performed is to aid the doctor in ruling out and diagnosing the disease.

CONCLUSION:Therefore we conclude, that this study

should be more focused and have the presence of determination in conducting every single of test that being process to get result immediately and you should be observant in every details in every examination of the assays.

TEST

RESULT