Series 1 Elementary (K–6)

ChileSeries 1

Elementary (K–6)

TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S

Why Study Cultures? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Traditions

The Month of September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Folklore & Language

Chilean Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Food

Popular Chilean Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Cross-cultural Contributions

Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Reference Material

Facts about Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

History and Holidays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Visuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

FO O D

International Outreach CultureGuides 9

POPULAR CHILEAN FOODS

Chilean foods such as empanadas, completos [com-play-toes], and sopaipillas[so-pah-pee-yuhs] are an integral part of Chilean culture (see Traditions Visual 2).Countless stores and stands on the street sell these foods in order to earn extramoney and participate in Chile’s Independence Day festivities.

Starting Points

1. Make and bring empanadas, completos, and sopaipillas for the students to sample(see Additional Resources).

2. Discuss the types of food that Americans eat on the Fourth of July. Compare thosefoods to the foods Chileans eat during their Independence Day festivities.

3. Show pictures of Chilean foods and have the students write a description of whatthey see (see Traditions Visual 2 and Food Visuals 1 and 2).

Information

Typical Foods

The food eaten in Latin America varies from country to country. Many people thinkthat Chileans eat burritos, but it is uncommon to see anything that resemblesMexican food in Chile. Chileans eat a lot of rice, chicken, and mashed potatoes.They are very particular about the way that rice is presented on the plate when it isserved. They put it in a cup, often with mayonnaise mixed in, and then empty it ontothe plate, creating a small tower of rice.

In addition to rice, chicken, and mashed potatoes, Chileans eat a lot of soup dishes. Anexample of a Chilean soup is casuela [ka-sway-luh]. This soup is made with an entirepotato, a cob of corn, and a slab of meat. The person eating the casuela is expected todice the meat and potato into bite-size pieces and cut or eat the corn off the cob as heor she eats the soup. Another soup-like dish is the inexpensive porotos [po-ro-toes]soup, or bean soup. Beans are also sometimes added to a noodle salad. A commonbean in Chile is the lentil. This is usually served with some type of pasta and smallpieces of pork. As salads go, la ensalada Chilena [en-sa-la-da chee-lay-na] (theChilean salad) is probably the most popular. This salad is made by cutting up onionsand tomatoes and adding cilantro and oil.

Empanadas

The empanada is by far the food most commonly eaten during the holidays andthroughout the year (see Traditions Visual 2 and Additional Resources). Empanadascan be filled with a variety of foods, ranging from meat to fruit. Empanadas filledwith meat are considered a filling dinner, while empanadas with fruit in them

10 International Outreach CultureGuides

are considered a dessert. Meat-filled empanadas often also have raisins, olives,onions, and hard-boiled eggs in them. It is important to note that most Chileanolives still have the pit in the middle. When you eat an empanada with olives in it,you must be careful not to swallow the pit or crack a tooth on it. Empanadas foundin stores in the United States usually come without the pit.

When Chileans are full and can’t eat anymore, they say they are satisfied rather thansaying that they are full. Chileans find the expression “I’m full” offensive.

Sopaipillas

Another common food in Chile is the sopaipilla (see Additional Resources). Thisfood is shaped like a small round disc and resembles a thick tortilla. Chilean sopaip-illas are not like those made in Mexico and the southwestern part of the UnitedStates. Chilean sopaipillas are made with squash, lard, and a number of other ingre-dients. Usually sopaipillas are covered with ketchup or mustard, but for a sweetsnack, they can be treated like scones and covered with honey. Sopaipillas are apopular after-school snack sold by street vendors; they are also eaten during times of festivity. Street vendors prepare the dough and keep a frying pan filled with hotoil ready to provide customers with fresh, hot sopaipillas. Some families have a tradition of making sopaipillas on rainy days.

Completos

Another food item sold on the street and eaten during times of festivity is thefamous completo (see Food Visual 1). The North American equivalent of this foodis the hot dog. However, Chilean “hot dogs” are very different from American hotdogs. The bread Chileans use tastes different because it is made with lard. The meatis also different because Chileans add avocado (palta) and tomato to the sausage. Ontop of these items, they usually put a lot of mayonnaise (Chilean mayonnaise resem-bles a mix of United States mayonnaise and mustard). Along with the mayonnaise,Chileans apply a fair amount of ketchup and mustard.

As the name suggests, Chilean hot dogs are called completos because Chileansbelieve that they are more complete than American hot dogs. There are other kindsof completos in Chile, such as the Italiano, which has more avocado. Another kindof completo is covered by sauerkraut. Completos are easy to prepare.

Completos Recipe

You will need:

Preparation1. Boil the hot dogs until they are cooked.2. Split the avocado and dig it out of the shell with a spoon.

4 hot dogs1 ripe avocado1 tsp salt1 T vegetable oil1 tomato (diced) (opt.)

4 bunsmayonnaise (opt.)mustard (opt.)ketchup (opt.)


3. Place the avocado in a bowl and add the salt and vegetable oil. With afork, mash the avocado until it can be smoothly applied to the hot dog.

4. When making the completo, put the avocado on first so that the otheritems will stick to it. Add whatever condiments you want after this.

Yield: 4 servings

Fruit

Chile is famous for its fruit. The climate and geography of central Chile are ideal forgrowing all types of fruit. During the summer, farmers grow watermelons, avocados,cactus fruit, and grapes. Chile uses its fruit to make products such as marmalade [mar-ma-la-day] (jelly) and juice (see Food Visual 2).

The fruit that Chile can grow because of its warm climate is a great resource for coun-tries that live north of the equator. When it is winter in the United States, it is summerin Chile. Because grapes can’t grow in the United States during the winter, stores buygrapes from Chile. The next time you eat grapes in the wintertime, don’t forget tothank your friends in Chile!

Sweets

Stores in Chile offer a variety of sweets such as pastries and chocolates. Some of thechocolates they sell include the Super 8, which is a wafer cookie surrounded by choco-late, Golpe [goal-pay], which is filled with caramel-like liquid, and many other Nestleproducts. These chocolates are tasty and inexpensive. They usually cost fifty to onehundred pesos each, which is between seven and fourteen United States cents. Thereare also more expensive chocolates, but if you’re looking for a quick treat, the inex-pensive chocolates are satisfying.

Alfajores [all-fey-hoar-es] are another treat commonly seen on store shelves. They arelike a cookie that has been wrapped in chocolate and caramel. There are different typesof alfajores and many are imported from other countries. Argentina is famous for thesedelicious sweets.

Activities

1. Make completos.

2. Divide into groups and with your group, create a poster that advertises yourfavorite Chilean food.

3. Write a letter to an imaginary pen pal from Chile and describe your favorite NorthAmerican food (see Folklore & Language Activities). Also write what you likeabout Chilean food.

4. Divide into groups and with your group look at a picture of a Chilean food item(see Traditions Visual 2 and Food Visuals 1 and 2). Take a few minutes to writea description of each food as if you were writing for a food magazine that is tryingto sell the food products to the public. Share your favorite description with the restof the class.


Discussion Questions

1. How is Chilean food different from the food we eat in the United States?

2. What types of food do people in the United States eat at parties?

3. What influences the kinds of food people eat?

4. In the winter, the United States gets grapes from Chile. What products mightChile get from the United States?

Traditions Visual 1: Diabolo and Emboque


Traditions Visual 2: Empanadas, a Chilean Flag, and a Copper Plate Depicting the Cueca


Traditions Visual 3: Traditional Clothing


Traditions Visual 4: Guitar, Rain Stick, Zampoña, and Flute


Traditions Visual 5: September Word Search (1 of 2)


SEPTEMBER WORD SEARCHFind the words listed below in the word search. Words may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

S O C I A L I S M P W L U A R F O H I G G I N SE C A F L S E P T E M B E R C A N I T F O C F AL O P A D R S E N A I P W C A C R M X E D Y T NI T R V M N A S B P C S B P T P B E R A B T T MA S A D O F V P B D R C A R D I A B O L O T C AI I G A I L O A K S O E R A E N K N S L C L B RE G U E B R A I N O S B R E A O T G E E T Q O TM K W E M P A N A D A S I Q R C S P I N O T C IB Q U D C K T A T D B L C X P H P A E D D I K NA O R E C N O C M I X O A N C E T R R E A B O PS S W R Q U E S O M N O D B P T O L O T W O Z ES J S L R G I M E F W F E Y I L R P I T V E A IY S O T M I C S A E A A S G C O U P I E E X P SM V Z N A V S H T N E E T H G I E R L P E S K EE F M S C E O S O M X D S O F U T B O L D S T LJ M E S O E Z C O M P L E T O S W Q O E B J L S

AllendeAsado (BBQ)

BarricadesCompletos (hot dogs)

CoupDiaboloEmbassy

Empanadas (meat pie)Fútbol (soccer)Micros (buses)

O’HigginsOnce (eleventh)

PinochetPino (type of empanada)

ProtestsQueso (type of cheese empanada)

San MartínSeptemberSocialism

Volantín (kite)

Name:

Traditions Visual 5: September Word Search Answer Key (2 of 2)


S O C I A L I S M + + + + + + + O H I G G I N S+ + + + + S E P T E M B E R + + + + + + + + + A+ + + + + + + + + + I + + + + + + + + + + + + N+ + + V + + + + + + C + B + + P + + + A + + + MA S A D O + + + + + R + A + D I A B O L O + + A+ + + + + L + + + + O + R + + N + + + L + + + RE + + + + + A + + + S + R + + O + + + E + + + TM + + E M P A N A D A S I + + C + P I N O + + IB + + + + + + + T + + + C + + H P + + D + + + NA + + + + + + + + I + + A + + E + R + E + + + +S + + + Q U E S O + N + D + + T + + O + + + + +S + + + + + + + + + + + E + + + + + + T + + + +Y + O + + + + + + + + + S + C O U P + + E + + ++ + + N + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + S + ++ + + + C + + + + + + + + + F U T B O L + + T ++ + + + + E + C O M P L E T O S + + + + + + + S

AllendeAsado (BBQ)

BarricadesCompletos (hot dogs)

CoupDiaboloEmbassy

Empanadas (meat pie)Fútbol (soccer)Micros (buses)

O’HigginsOnce (eleventh)

PinochetPino (type of empanada)

ProtestsQueso (type of cheese empanada)

San MartínSeptemberSocialism

Volantín (kite)

SEPTEMBER WORD SEARCHFind the words listed below in the word search. Words may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

Name:

Traditions Visual 6: Suggestions for Activities 2 and 3


Activity 2: Possible Words

Cowboy Outfit OlivesDiabolo [dee-ah-bow-low] Pan FluteEggs Rain Stick Emboque [em-bow-kay] RaisinsEmpanadas [em-pah-na-duz] RecorderGuitar Soccer BallInstruments StringKite White HandkerchiefMeat (for the BBQ)

Activity 3: List of Possible Characters for Skits

18 September 1810ArmyBernardo O’HigginsMapuche IndiansSan MartínSpaniards in Santiago

11 September 1973Allende’s supporters and other officials that accompanied him in the MonedaGeneral Pinochet, General of Armed Forces (Lead Coup)Members of the armed forcesSalvador Allende, President of Chile

Series 1 Elementary (K–6)

Documents

Transcript of Series 1 Elementary (K–6)