S E R E N I T Y M C A U L A Y

S H I R A N R A Z

K A T H R Y N O B E R T

M E L A N I E M I L L E R

C H E L S E A R O C H E

J E N N A N A G Y

Disaster Preparedness

Objectives

Provide the audience with vital information concerning disasters and what to expect when one occurs

Prepare the audience for disaster management in order to prevent or reduce losses that occur due to disasters

•E A R T H Q U A K E S

•H U R R I C A N E S

•T O R N A D O E S

•P A N D E M I C S

Natural Disasters

Hurricanes

Pineapple Express

Hurricane Isabel, 2003

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Gulfport, MS

Hurricanes

Definition: A storm system characterized by a low pressure center surrounded by a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain.

Produce extremely powerful winds, torrential rain, high waves, damaging storm surges, and tornadoes.

Hurricane Preparedness

Assess your risks and know your home’s vulnerability to storm surge, flooding, and wind.

Have a family emergency plan

Review the FEMA Evacuation guidelines and allow for enough time to pack and inform friends and family if you need to leave your home.

FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS ISSUEED BY LOCAL OFFICIALS.

Wait until an area is declared safe before returning home.

Earthquakes

Earthquake Video

Earthquakes

Definition: An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth’s surface as a result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

45 states and territories throughout the U.S. are at moderate to high risk for earthquakes.

What to do before an earthquake: Make an emergency kit

Secure all shelves, heavy objects, and overhead fixtures

Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections

Locate safe spots in each room under a sturdy table or door frame.

Earthquakes

Earthquake drill: drop, cover, and hold on.

Get to a safe place (strong & sturdy) and stay there until the shaking has stopped.

Most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location.

Be completely sure the earthquake is over and ALL aftershocks have stopped.

Aftershocks can be of a greater magnitude than the earthquake itself.

Earthquakes

After an earthquake:

Make sure it is safe and exit the building

Help injured or trapped persons

Look for and extinguish small fires

Be aware of possible tsunamis if in a coastal area

Aftershocks can occur hours to months after an earthquake and can do additional damage to weakened structures.

Tornadoes

How Tornadoes Work

Tornadoes

Definition: A rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling winds that can reach 300 miles per hour.

Tornadoes are caused by the collision of warm, moist air and cool, dry air. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere and yield a tornado.

Every state is at some risk for tornadoes. Tornadoes can be clearly visible or obscured by rain or low-

hanging clouds. They generally occur near the trailing edge of a thunderstorm. Always listen to the radio or TV for instructions. Be alert to changing weather conditions or approaching

storms.

Tornadoes

Danger signs: Darkness

Green tinted sky

Large hail

A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating)

Loud roar similar to a freight train

If you see any danger signs, be prepared to take shelter immediately.

Listen for tornado sirens and heed all warnings.

Most injuries are associated with flying debris, so protect your head and vital organs while taking shelter.

Tornadoes

Many injuries happen during rescue attempts, cleanup, or other post-tornado activities.

Do not attempt to move seriously injured people unless they are in immediate danger.

If someone has stopped breathing, begin CPR if you are trained to do so.

Stop a bleeding injury by applying direct pressure to the wound.

Pandemic

Scrubs- Infections

Pandemic

Definition: an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region (multiple continents or worldwide).

Pandemics throughout history: Typhoid fever

Bubonic plague

Smallpox

Tuberculosis

Cholera

Leprosy

Malaria

Measles

Influenza

Pandemic

Current pandemics: HIV and AIDS

34 million people have HIV worldwide. 2001: 3.1 million deaths 2010: 1.8 million deaths Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region 20% of the 1.2 million people affected in the U.S. did not realize they were

infected (2008) Since 1981, nearly 30 million people have died from AIDS.

Possible future pandemics: Viral Hemorrhagic fever Antibiotic resistant organisms SARS Influenza Avian Flu (H5N1)

Preventing The Spread of Disease

Get vaccinated

Maintain good health habits

Avoid close contact

Stay home when you are sick (avoid others who are sick)

Cover your mouth and nose

Clean your hands

Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth

Stop the spread of germs

Clean and disinfect surfaces or objects

•B L A C K O U T S

•B I O L O G I C A L W A R F A R E

•T E R R O R I S M

Man-Made Disasters

Blackouts

Revolution

Blackouts

Definition: Total loss of power to an area. It is the most severe form of a power outage that can occur. Particularly critical at sites where the environment and public safety

are at risk. Hospitals Sewage treatment plants Mines

The biggest Blackout in U.S. history occurred on August 14, 2003, leaving 50 million people without power.

Blackouts can happen anywhere there is electricity. Many institutions that are critical to the public will have

backup power sources such as standby generators, lead-acid batteries, and other forms of emergency power.

Blackouts

Blackouts are common emergency situations that may be caused by earthquakes, fires, storms, hurricanes, floods, and other disasters.

During a Blackout Use flashlights instead of candles for emergency lighting. Do not call 911, unless to report a life-threatening emergency. Take steps to remain cool if it is hot outside, or remain warm if it is cold outside. Keep refrigerator and freezer doors closed to keep your food as fresh as possible.

Most medication that requires refrigeration can be kept in a closed refrigerator for several hours without a problem.

Tips to conserve power and help to avoid a blackout Use an air conditioner only when you are home. Turn off lights, appliances, and computers when not in use. Wash only full loads of clothes and use cold water when you can. Replace incandescent light bulbs with energy-efficient compact fluorescent lights.

Biological Warfare

Criminal Minds

Biological Warfare

Definition: The use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals, or plants as an act of war

Agents of biological warfare: Bacterial:

Anthrax

Brucellosis

Cholera

Plague (Pneumonic)

Tularemia

Q Fever

Viruses Smallpox VEE VHF

Biological Toxins Botulinum Staph-entero B Ricin T-2 Mycotoxins

Biological Warfare

All classical and modern biological weapon organisms are animal diseases, with smallpox as the exception.

Human clinicians and veterinarians may identify a bioweapon attack early in the course of the epidemic, preventing the spread of the disease.

The goal of biodefense is to integrate the efforts of the homeland security, medical, public health, intelligence, diplomatic and law enforcement agencies.

Biological Warfare

The growing threat of bioterrorism has led to the development of specific tools that protect agriculture, food, and water. Tools have been developed that can perform on the spot analysis and

identification of encountered suspect materials. Sandwich immunoassay: fluorescent dye-labeled antibodies aimed at

specific pathogens are attached to silver and gold nanowires.

Make sure that your family is prepared with an emergency preparedness kit Do not open suspicious packages and report them to the local

authorities.

There are currently anthrax and smallpox vaccines. Keep a steady supply of antibiotics, but wait until the

particular organism is identified to use the proper antibiotic. Gas masks are unnecessary and dramatic.

You would have to wear it at all times for it to be effective.

Terrorism

Timothy McVeigh, Oklahoma City Bombing

Terrorism

Definition: The systematic use of terror, often violent, especially as a means of coercion.

Often perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians.

Types of terrorism:

Civil disorder

Political terrorism

Non-political terrorism

Quasi-terrorism

Official or state terrorism

Terrorism

Protection from terrorism is focused on defensive measures. Targeted laws, criminal procedures, deportations, and

enhanced police powers.

Preemptive or reactive military action (offensive).

Increased intelligence and surveillance activities.

Preemptive humanitarian activities.

More permissive interrogation and detention policies.

Counter-terrorism: Incorporates the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, and police adopt to attack terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed.

In case of a terrorist attack…

Create an emergency communications plan Establish a meeting place Assemble a disaster supplies kit Listen to radio or television for news and instructions Follow the advice of local emergency officials Shut off damaged utilities Confine or secure your pets Call your family contact Check on your neighbors, especially the elderly and

disabled. Evacuate, if necessary. More information: www.nationalterroralert.com

Family Emergency Plan

Developed by the Department of Homeland Security This plan will be beneficial to have in all disaster

situations. How to create a Family Emergency Plan: Meet with your family and discuss why you need to prepare for

disaster Discuss the types of disasters that are most likely to happen and

explain what to do in each case Pick a meeting place Develop an emergency communication plan Ask an out-of-town relative or friend to be your "family contact“ Discuss what to do if authorities ask you to evacuate Be familiar with escape routes Plan how to take care of your pets

Good Samaritan Law

Definition: Laws or acts offering legal protection to people who give reasonable assistance to those who are injured, ill, in peril, or otherwise incapacitated.

In some cases, Good Samaritan laws oblige people to offer assistance, called duty to rescue.

The Good Samaritan Laws are intended to reduce bystanders’ hesitation to assist, for fear of being sued or prosecuted for unintentional injury or wrongful death.

Triage

Pearl Harbor- Triage Scene

Resident triage experts:

Zachary Hamm

Drew Curry

Disaster Kit

Questions?

References

"An introduction to biological weapons, their prohibition, and their relationship to biosafety." The Sunshine Project 1 (2002): n. pag. The Sunshine Project. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

"Blackouts | Ready." FEMA.gov. Federal Emergency Management Agency, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ready.gov/blackouts>.

"CDC - Seasonal Influenza (Flu) - Stopping the Spread of Germs." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/stopgerms.htm>.

Deen, Thalif. " IPS – POLITICS: U.N. Member States Struggle to Define Terrorism | Inter Press Service." Inter Press Service | Journalism and Communication for Global Change. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ipsnews.net/2005/07/politics-un-member-states-struggle-to-define-terrorism/>.

"Frequently Asked Questions." Institute for Crustal Studies. University of California, Santa Barbara, 10 Jan. 2006. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.crustal.ucsb.edu/outreach/faq.php>.

References

"How to Prepare for a terrorist attack." National Terror Alert. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. <www.nationalterroralert.com/default/>.

"Hurricanes | Ready." FEMA.gov. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ready.gov/hurricanes>.

"NWS JetStream - Tropical Cyclone Structure." National Weather Service Southern Region homepage. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5 Jan. 2010. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <NOAA.gov>.

"Pandemic." Def. P. Dictionary of Epidemiology. 5 ed. 2008. Google Scholar. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

"Tornado Facts, Tornado Information, Tornado Videos, Tornado Photos - National Geographic." Environment Facts, Environment Science, Global Warming, Natural Disasters, Ecosystems, Green Living - National Geographic. National Geographic, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. <http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/tornado-profile/>.

"Tropical Cyclone." Meteorological Glossary. 2 ed. 1959. http://www.ametsoc.org/. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.