Serengeti road
Transcript of Serengeti road
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Connecting Northern Tanzania
A socio-economic comparison of the alternative routes for a highway from Arusha
to Musoma
by Frankfurt Zoological SocietyJ. Grant C. Hopcraft (May, 2011)
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Tanzania’s Road Network & New Alternative Routes
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Three Alternative Routes
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Three Alternative Routes
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Three Alternative Routes
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Elevation and Distance: North Route
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Elevation and Distance: North Route
Total distance: 548 km
Elevation change: 1537 m
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Elevation and Distance: Eyasi Route
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Elevation and Distance: Eyasi Route
Total distance: 628 km
Elevation change: 674 m
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Elevation and Distance: Mbulu Route
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Elevation and Distance: Mbulu Route
Total distance: 692 km
Elevation change: 1099 m
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Elevation and Distance: Summary
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Elevation and Distance: Summary
548 km1537 m
628 km674 m
692 km1099 m
• shortest distance
• greatest elevation gain
• too steep for oil / gas pipelines or railways
• least elevation gain
• longest distance
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Current Conditions
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Current Conditions
402.9270.8132.2288.5691.5South Mbulu
332.4249.383.1296.0628.3South Eyasi
428.2208.6219.7119.5547.8North Route
Km of new pavement required
Km Currently Seasonal
Tracks or No Road
Km Currently
All‐Seasonal Murum
Km Currently Paved
Total KmProposed Route
North Route is shortest, but requires the most amount of new pavement (i.e. most
expensive)
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Estimated Travel Times
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Estimated Travel Times
691.5
628.3
547.8
Total Km
8.6 hours
691.50South Mbulu
7.8 hours
628.30South Eyasi
7.9 hours
396.6151.1North Route
Total Travel Time
Total Km outside Protected Areas (80 km/hr speed limit)
Total Km inside Protected Areas (50 km/hr speed limit)
Proposed Route
North Route is shorter distance, but would be longer travel time
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Human Density
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Human Density
• fewest number of people
• connects very few high human density areas (ie red bars)
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Voter Population
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Voter Population
• fewest number of voters
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Economic Activity
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Economic Activity
• fewest number of economically active people
• connects the least number of economic hubs (red bars)
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Total Number of Unemployed
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Total Number of Unemployed
• largest unemployment in the south
• number of unemployed people on South Mbuluroute is almost equal to total number of people on North route
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School Aged Children (5-19 years old)
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School Aged Children (5-19 years old)
• greatest number of school aged children in the south
• many centres with large numbers of school aged children (red bars)
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Access to Agriculture
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Access to Agriculture
05
10152025
3035404550
South Mbulu South Eyasi North Route
Are
a un
der a
gric
ultu
re p
er k
m o
f roa
d
Tree / Shrub Crops
Herbaceous Crops
• twice as much agriculture / km2
• mainly herbaceous crops sold at local markets (and some cash crops)
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Livestock Density
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0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
South Mbulu South Eyasi North Route
Tota
l num
ber o
f Liv
esto
ck w
ithin
20k
m o
f rou
te
• three times as many livestock than northern route
Livestock Density
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Future Agriculture: Rainfall
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Future Agriculture: Rainfall
• highest annual rainfall
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Future Agriculture: Soil Quality
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Future Agriculture: Soil Quality
• high average soil fertility but low rainfall
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Wildebeest Migration: Wet Season
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Wildebeest Migration: Wet to Dry Transition
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Wildebeest Migration: Dry Season
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Threatened Species: Rhino and Wild dog
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Letter from Tanzania’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (22, June 2011)
1) The proposed road will not dissect the Serengeti National Park
4) The Government of Tanzania is considering the construction of a route south of the park (many donors including the World Bank and the German Government have already offered support)
3) New paved roads to address the socio-economic needs of rural communities will not be adjacent to the park (122 km of ecologically sensitive area between Loliondoand Mugumu will be left)
2) TANAPA will maintain jurisdiction of all roads in the Serengeti for tourism and administration only (not commercial traffic)
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Sources of Data
Elevation: NASA SRTM Digital Elevation Model
Human demography: Tanzania Bureau of Statistics
Livestock: FAO Gridded Livestock of the World 2007
Agriculture, Crops & Rainfall: FAO AfriCover
Soil: World Harmonized Soil Data base
Maps: Frankfurt Zoological Society and Tanzania National Parks
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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM
Telegrams: "MALIASILI" P.O. Box 9372 DAR ES SALAAM DAR ES SALAAM Telephone: 255 22 21 11063 Fax: 255 22 2123158 On reply please quote:
Ref. NO. EA.297?593/01/20 22"d June 201 1
Director, World Heritage Centre, 7, Place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP, FRANCE
Re: STATE OF CONSERVATION OF SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK
The United Republic of Tanzania is honored to take this opportunity to clarify on the proposed tarmac road in northern Tanzania.
The proposed road will be constructed in two sections: (i) The eastern stretch of 214 km tarmac road which will be constructed from Mto wa Mbu to
Loliondo, (ii) The western stretch tarmac road that will be constructed from Makutano-Natta-Mugumu, a distance of 117 km. The stretch of 12 km from Mugumu to the Serengeti National Park western border plus a corresponding stretch of 57.6 km from Loliondo to Serengeti National Park eastern border will not be tannac. The 53 km section traversing Serengeti National Park will remain gravel road and continue to be managed by TANAPA mainly for tourism and administrative purposes as it is currently.
In view of this intended plan of constsuction, the State Party confirms that the proposed road will not dissect the Serengeti National Park and therefore will not affect the migration and conservation values of the Property. The ongoing ESIA will take into consideration these developments and will be submitted to WHC accordingly.
This decision has been reached in order to address the increasing socio-economic needs of the rural communities in Northern Tanzania while safeguarding the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of Serengeti National Park. The Government of United Republic of Tanzania is also seriously considering the constsuction of a road from Mugumu to Arusha running south of Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Serengeti National Park.
EZEKIEL MAIGE MINISTER FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM