DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER ATLANTIC

P.O. BOX 190022 NORTH CHARLESTON, SC 29419-9022

IN REPLY REFER TO

Ser 59440FD/14044 AUG 05 2014 From: Commanding Officer, Space and Naval Warfare Systems

Center Atlantic To: Commander, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901

Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD Subj: ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E3) REVIEW FOR THE

INSTALLATION OF VERIZON WIRELESS COMMERCIAL CELLULAR TRANSMITTERS AT WALTER REED NATIONAL MILITARY MEDICAL CENTER, BETHESDA, MD (E3 TASK NUMBER E13048)

Ref: (a) Verizon Wireless Check Number 02877728 / SPAWARSYSCEN

Atlantic (Code 59440FD) Frederic Duffy, of 06 Aug 2013 (b) OPNAVINST 5100.23G CH-1, "Navy Safety and Occupational

Health (SOH) Program Manual," of 21 Jul 2011

Encl: (1) Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Review Final Report for the Installation of Verizon Wireless Commercial Cellular Transmitters at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (one copy)

1. Reference (a) requested that Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWARSYSCEN) Atlantic, perform an Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) review of the proposed installation of Verizon Wireless commercial cellular transmitters at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD). Verizon Wireless has requested to install and operate a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system and an Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) system at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD. This review was performed under the Navy’s Shore Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Program as Task Number E13048. The purpose of the review was to identify potential Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems. The specific area of consideration was Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) which included linear and nonlinear EMI effects. The final review report is forwarded as enclosure (1).

2. No potential EMI problems were discovered. Site approval is recommended for the Verizon Wireless LTE and AWS systems with respect to EMC considerations.

Subj: ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E3) REVIEW FOR THE INSTALLATION OF VERIZON WIRELESS COMMERCIAL CELLULAR TRANSMITTERS AT WALTER REED NATIONAL MILITARY MEDICAL CENTER, BETHESDA, MD (E3 TASK NUMBER E13048)

3. Reference (b) states that all shore facilities having radio frequency (RF) emitters must periodically obtain an Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ) certification to ensure that personnel are not exposed to RF emissions that exceed the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits. A copy of this certification should be maintained with the current command-wide RADHAZ survey report/certification until the next regularly scheduled command-wide RADHAZ survey is performed. If new emitters or antennas are installed before that time, or if existing RF systems are modified, additional provisional certifications will be required for those systems.

4. For information regarding studies for Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP), Fuel (HERF), and Ordnance (HERO) or a baseline RADHAZ certification, the point-of-contact at Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division is Mr. Richard Magrogan at commercial (540) 653-3445, DSN 249-3445, or email richard.magrogan@navy.mil.

5. For further information about this task, the technical point-of-contact at SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic is Mr. Frederic Duffy at commercial (843) 218-4363, DSN 588-4363, or e-mail frederic.duffy@navy.mil. WAYNE LUTZEN By direction

Electronic Copy to: COMNAVSEASYSCOM WASHINGTON DC (05H3) [douglas.knapman@navy.mil] COMNAVSEASYSCOM WASHINGTON DC (05H3) [robert.c.sweeney.ctr@navy.mil] BUMED WASHINGTON DC [nathan.uzas@med.navy.mil] COMNAVNETWARCOM NORFOLK VA (N3) [deems.wiggs@navy.mil] NAVMARSPECCEN WASHINGTON DC (N3)[ tom.downie@navy.mil] NAVSURFWARCENDIV DAHLGREN VA [richard.magrogan@navy.mil]

DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO DOD AND DOD CONTRACTORS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL USE ONLY; DATE OF PUBLICATION IS AUGUST 2014. OTHER REQUESTS SHALL BE REFERRED TO SPAWARSYSCEN ATLANTIC (CODE 59440).

Enclosure 1

SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER ATLANTIC CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E3) REVIEW FINAL REPORT FOR THE INSTALLATION OF VERIZON WIRELESS COMMERCIAL CELLULAR TRANSMITTERS AT WALTER REED NATIONAL

MILITARY MEDICAL CENTER, BETHESDA, MD

E3 Task Number E13048 Report Date: August 2014

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SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER ATLANTIC

CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E3) REVIEW FINAL REPORT FOR THE INSTALLATION OF VERIZON WIRELESS COMMERCIAL CELLULAR TRANSMITTERS AT WALTER REED NATIONAL

MILITARY MEDICAL CENTER, BETHESDA, MD

E3 Task Number E13048 Report Date: August 2014

Prepared By:

Frederic B. Duffy Electronics Engineer Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Branch North Charleston, SC 29419-9022

Approved By:

Wayne Lutzen Supervisor Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Branch North Charleston, SC 29419-9022

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Executive Summary Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWARSYSCEN) Atlantic, performed an Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) review of the proposed installation of Verizon Wireless commercial cellular transmitters at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD). Verizon Wireless has requested to install and operate a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system and an Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) system at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD. The review was performed under the Navy's Shore E3 Program as task number E13048. The purpose of the safety review was to identify potential Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems that may be associated with this installation. The specific area of consideration was Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

Based on information obtained from the site approval request and data collected from government and non-government frequency assignment databases, an analysis was done to identify potential EMI victims. Both linear and nonlinear EMI effects were addressed. Linear effects considered included co-channel, adjacent channel, and harmonic interference. Nonlinear effects considered included transmitter and receiver Intermodulation Interference (IMI). SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic requested that the Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Spectrum Center (JSC) perform the IMI portion of the E3 analysis.

No nonlinear interference problems are predicted.

No linear interference problems are predicted.

The request for site approval for the operation of the Verizon Wireless LTE and AWS systems is approved with respect to EMC considerations.

OPNAVINST 5100.23G CH-1 states that all shore facilities having radio frequency (RF) emitters must periodically obtain an Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ) certification to ensure that personnel are not exposed to RF emissions that exceed the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits. A copy of this certification should be maintained with the current command-wide RADHAZ survey report/certification until the next regularly scheduled command-wide RADHAZ survey is performed. If new emitters or antennas are installed before that time, or if existing RF systems are modified, additional provisional certifications will be required for those systems.

For information regarding Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP), Fuel (HERF), and Ordnance (HERO) or to request a baseline RADHAZ certification, the point of contact at Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division is Mr. Richard Magrogan at commercial (540) 653-3445, DSN 249-3445, or email richard.magrogan@navy.mil.

If additional information is required concerning this task, the technical point of contact at SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic is Mr. Frederic Duffy at commercial (843) 218-4363, DSN 588-4363, or e-mail frederic.duffy@navy.mil.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background........................................................................................................................ 1

2. RATIONALE, ASSUMPTIONS, LIMITS, & PROCEDURES 3

2.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ............................................................................. 3

3. RESULTS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 5

3.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ............................................................................. 5

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1-1 Verizon Wireless Site at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD .... 1 Figure 1-2 Rooftop WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD .............................. 2 Figure 2-1 Intermodulation Interaction ........................................................................................... 4

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Cell Site Location Data .................................................................................................. 1 Table 1-2 LTE and AWS Equipment Characteristics ..................................................................... 2 Table 2-1 IM Product Calculation .................................................................................................. 4 Table 3-1 Number of IM Interactions ............................................................................................. 6

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LIST OF REFERENCES A. Verizon Wireless Check Number 02877728 / SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic (Code

59440FD) Frederic Duffy, of 06 Aug 2013

B. MIL-STD-461E, “Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment,” 20 August 1999

C. Joint Spectrum Center (JSC), “Spectrum XXI,” version 4.2.6

D. OPNAVINST 5100.23G CH-1, "Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program Manual," 21 July 2011

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.1.1 Verizon Wireless has requested permission to operate a Long Term Evolution system and an Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) system at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD. As requested by reference A, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWARSYSCEN) Atlantic performed an Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) review for the proposed operation of the LTE and AWS systems at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD. The review was performed under the Navy's Shore E3 Program as task number E13048. The purpose of the site approval review was to identify potential Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems that may be associated with this installation. Specific areas of consideration were Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Intermodulation Interference (IMI).

1.1.2 The Verizon Wireless system will be on WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD, Figure 1-1. Specific location data is provided in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 Cell Site Location Data

Naval Authority WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD

Cell Site Name President’s Hospital Cell Site Location N39º 00' 11", W077º 05' 40"

Figure 1-1 Verizon Wireless Site at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD

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Figure 1-2 Rooftop WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD

1.1.3 The radio frequency (RF) characteristics of the Verizon Wireless LTE and AWS systems and antennas are listed in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 LTE and AWS Equipment Characteristics Transmitter

System LTE AWS

Nomenclature Alcatel Lucent 9442 RRH2X40-07L Alcatel Lucent 9412 eNodeB (SLI-9442RRH2X40)

Transmit Frequencies 746 to 757 MHz 2120 to 2135 MHz

Modulation 10M0F9W (16-QAM, 64-QAM, & QPSK)

13M54F9W (16-QAM, 64-QAM, & QPSK)

Maximum Transmitter Output Power

46.02 dBm (40 W) 46.02 dBm (40 W)

Maximum Transmitter EIRP 63.47 dBm 64.47 dBm Harmonic Levels: 2nd Harmonic 3rd Harmonic

-55 dBc -55 dBc

-55 dBc -55 dBc

System Loss 0.50 dB 0.50 dB Antenna

Nomenclature CSS X7C-FRO-640-0 CSS AXP-19-45-0 Mainlobe Gain 17.95 dBi 18.95 dBi Beamwidths 45.5° H, 11.8° V 45° H, 7.2° V Polarization Slant ±45º Slant ±45º Azimuths 10°, 220°, 310° 10°, 220°, 310º Antenna Height 77 ft AGL 77 ft AGL Antenna Downtilt 8º, 8°, 8º 4º, 4°, 4º

Antennas will be mounted on the sides

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2. RATIONALE, ASSUMPTIONS, LIMITS, & PROCEDURES

2.1 GENERAL

2.1.1 The purpose of an E3 review is to ensure that electronic equipment or systems can be operated in the intended operational Electromagnetic Environment (EME) at designed levels of efficiency. The equipment must also be able to operate without causing or suffering from degradation due to EMI and without causing RADHAZ problems.

2.1.2 All calculations for this analysis were based on "worst case" conditions. It was assumed that the transmitters were capable of operating at their rated maximum output power, that all antennas were functioning as designed, and that there were no system losses. Due to system losses and less than optimum performance by the transmitters and antennas, actual measured Radio Frequency (RF) field levels would be smaller than the calculated values.

2.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

2.2.1 EMC is the ability of equipment and systems to function as designed without adversely affecting or being effected by other equipment or systems. Manufacturers of commercial electronic equipment are not required to design equipment to operate within RF fields. However, most commercial equipment is not susceptible to RF fields of less than 10 V/m. Reference B provides radiated RF susceptibility limits for military electronic equipment.

2.2.2 EMI is defined as any electromagnetic disturbance, phenomenon, signal, or emission that causes or can cause an undesired response of electrical or electronic equipment. An example of such an undesired response would be diagonal lines appearing across a television screen or bursts of static from a radio.

2.2.3 Medical electronic devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, hearing aids, wheelchairs, and hospital equipment, may also be susceptible to EMI. However, no universally accepted medical equipment EMI susceptibility standards have been established. Therefore, this analysis gave no special consideration to medical equipment. If a hospital is located near a high powered transmitter, or if personnel with implanted medical devices such as pacemakers, or defibrillators, or if personnel wearing any external medical devices such as hearing aids are exposed to high intensity electromagnetic fields, EMI may result. If there are concerns about the possibility of this type of EMI, it is recommended that hospital safety personnel be made aware of the potential for EMI, and that personnel with implanted or wearable medical electronic devices contact the device manufacturers for specific susceptibility information.

2.2.4 Both linear and non-linear EMI effects were addressed in this analysis. Linear effects considered included co-channel, adjacent channel, and harmonic interference. Non-linear effects considered included transmitter and receiver Intermodulation Interference (IMI).

2.2.5 For linear analysis, the “worst case” received power level and the predicted Interference Conflict Margin (ICM) at each potential victim receiver is considered. Receivers identified as potential interference victims are subject to additional analysis, including, but not limited to, line of sight, pointing angles, and received power.

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2.2.6 Intermodulation (IM) signals are produced when two or more intentional RF signals mix in a non-linear device or junction. Non-linear devices can include transmitter and receiver circuit components, such as mixers or amplifiers. Figure 2-1 depicts the IM interaction.

Figure 2-1 Intermodulation Interaction

2.2.7 IM products fall into a certain pattern and generally can be calculated with the aid of the following table.

Table 2-1 IM Product Calculation

IM Order Possible IM Products

2nd A ± B; B ± A

3rd A ± 2B; 2A ± B; A ± B ± C; etc.

4th A ± 3B; 2A ± 2B; 3A ± B; etc.

5th A ± 4B; 2A ± 3B; 3A ± 2B; 4A ± B; etc.

2.2.8 Second order, "odd" order (3rd, 5th, 7th, etc.), and the negative (2A-B, 3A-2B, 4A-B, etc.) products are the most significant in causing IM interference. These products fall within the receive band (usually called the "Victim"), whereas the “even” order positive products, with the exception of the 2nd order, usually fall outside the receive bands. The "2" and "3" coefficients shown in the table indicate a harmonic of the signal "A" and/or "B". The letter "C" is shown as an IM product that is the result of some mixing combination of "A" and "B".

2.2.9 The Transmitter Intermodulation (TIM) analysis addressed two possible interactions: TIM-1 and TIM-2. TIM-1 interactions consider the potential for 2 and 3 signal intermodulation mixes from environmental transmitters through the cellular transmitter to environmental receivers within one mile of the cellular site. TIM-2 interactions consider the potential for 2 and 3 signal intermodulation mixes from the cellular transmitter and environmental transmitters

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within a two-mile radius of the installation site, and through victim environmental receivers within one mile of each victim environmental transmitter.

2.2.10 The Receiver Intermodulation (RIM) analysis addressed the potential for 2 and 3 signal mixes from the cellular transmitter and environmental transmitters to environmental receivers within one mile of the cellular site.

2.2.11 The transmit frequency bands of the LTE and AWS antennas are listed in Table 1-2.

2.2.12 The co-channel frequency band was defined as the same frequency band as the transmit frequency band. The second and third harmonic frequency bands were defined as two times and three times the transmit frequency band. The adjacent channel band was defined as plus or minus 5 MHz of the transmit frequency band.

2.2.13 The Frequency Resource Records System (FRRS), Government Master File (GMF), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) frequency assignment database, and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) frequency data bases were searched to identify military, other government, commercial, and international frequency assignments in the vicinity of the installation.

2.2.14 For the analysis of linear EMI effects, the database searches were limited to identify equipment operating within the proposed frequency bands, as well as equipment operating in co-channel, adjacent channel, and harmonic bands.

2.2.15 For the FRRS, GMF, and ITU databases, a search radius of 75 kilometers was used to include equipment at other nearby military or government sites. The number of frequency assignments identified was as follows: 2,852 FRRS, 13,854 GMF, and 4,276 ITU.

2.2.16 A search of the FCC database identified 313 FCC frequency assignments within two kilometers of the proposed installation.

3. RESULTS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

3.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

3.1.1 The linear Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) analysis considered 21,285 frequency assignment records. Reference G was used to calculate the “worst-case” received power level and the predicted ICM at each potential victim receiver. None of the records meet the criteria for interference from the Verizon Wireless system.

3.1.2 Based on the results of the linear EMI analysis, no linear EMI problems are predicted from the proposed Verizon Wireless transmitters at WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD.

3.1.3 SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic requested that the Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Spectrum Center (JSC) perform the Intermodulation (IM) portion of the E3 analysis to determine the potential for non-linear Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) effects from the proposed LTE and AWS transmitters to existing and planned military, government, and commercial Communications-Electronics (C-E) systems on WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD. JSC did not analyze for EMI from mobile transmitters due to the low power

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of the mobile equipment nor the potential for EMI from military, government, and commercial systems to the LTE and AWS base station receivers.

3.1.4 The potential for IM interference involving the LTE and AWS transmitters and geographically close environmental transmitters and receivers was addressed. Geographically close was defined as one statute mile or less from environmental communications-electronics systems. The number of frequency assignment records considered in the IM analysis was 1,067. Calculations were performed to determine the potential for two- and three-signal interactions involving second-, third-, and fifth-order nonlinear mixes in transmitters and receivers.

3.1.5 The Transmitter Intermodulation (TIM) portion of the analysis addressed two possible geometries: (1) TIM-1 interactions involve two- and three-signal nonlinear mixes from geographically close environmental transmitters and the introduced (LTE or AWS) transmitter, creating an IM product that is then transmitted by the introduced transmitters to geographically close victim environmental receivers. The power levels for these mixes were calculated and none exceeded the conservative EMI thresholds set for victim receivers. No TIM-1 problems were predicted for the proposed systems. (2) TIM-2 interactions involve two- and three-signal nonlinear mixes from the introduced transmitter and geographically close environmental transmitters, creating an IM product in a victim environmental transmitter that is then transmitted by that victim environmental transmitter to geographically close victim environmental receivers. The power levels for these mixes were calculated and none exceeded the conservative EMI thresholds set for victim receivers. No TIM-2 problems were predicted for the proposed systems.

3.1.6 The Receiver Intermodulation (RIM) portion of the analysis addressed the potential for two- and three-signal nonlinear mixes from the introduced transmitter and environmental transmitters, creating an IM product in geographically close victim environmental receivers. The power levels for these mixes were calculated and none exceeded the conservative EMI thresholds set for victim receivers. No RIM problems were predicted for the proposed systems. The number of IM interactions for the LTE and AWS systems are listed in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Number of IM Interactions

System TIM-1 TIM-2 RIM LTE 5,060 52,447 28,691 AWS 30,784 52,093 39,833

3.1.7 Based on the results of the analysis, no EMI involving IM is predicted from the proposed Verizon Wireless LTE and AWS transmitters to existing and planned military, government, and commercial C-E systems in operation on WALTER REED NATMILMEDCEN BETHESDA MD. The JSC point of contact is Mr. Nate Williams at commercial (410) 293-2683, DSN 281-2683, or e-mail nathaniel.williams8.civ@mail.mil, or Ms. Rose D’ Altorio at (410) 293-2557 (DSN 281-2557).

3.1.8 The request for site approval for the operation of the Verizon Wireless LTE and AWS systems is approved with respect to EMC considerations.

3.1.9 Reference D states that all shore facilities having RF emitters must periodically obtain a RADHAZ certification to ensure that personnel are not exposed to RF emissions that exceed the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits. A copy of this report should be maintained with

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the current RADHAZ survey report and certification letter until the next regularly scheduled command-wide RADHAZ survey is performed. If new emitters or antennas are installed before that time, or if existing RF systems are modified, additional provisional certifications will be required for those systems.

3.1.10 For information regarding Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP), Fuel (HERF), and Ordnance (HERO) or a baseline RADHAZ certification, the point of contact at Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division is Mr. Richard Magrogan at commercial (540) 653-3445, DSN 249-3445, or email richard.magrogan@navy.mil.

3.1.11 If additional information is required concerning this task, the technical point of contact at SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic is Mr. Frederic Duffy at commercial (843) 218-4363, DSN 588-4363, or e-mail frederic.duffy@navy.mil.