September 25, 2008 Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer UMBEL: A Lightweight Subject Reference...
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Transcript of September 25, 2008 Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer UMBEL: A Lightweight Subject Reference...
September 25, 2008
Upper Mapping and
Binding Exchange Layer
UMBEL: A Lightweight Subject Reference Structure for the Web
Ontolog Forum
Michael K. Bergman
Editor, UMBELCEO, Zitgist LLC
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Upper Mapping and
Binding Exchange Layer
UMBEL is . . .
. . . a lightweight reference structure for placing Web content and data in context with other data.
. . . comprised of about 20,000 subject concepts and their relationships — with one another and with external
vocabularies and named entities.
. . . free, non-commercial and open source under a Creative Commons Share Alike ver. 3.0 license.
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Early Objectives
Provide subject matter “glue” to the semantic Web what is content about ?
Build from, leverage the success of user-generated content (e.g., Wikipedia)
Keep flat; no structure, no concept relationships
But:
Only first objective withstood diligence
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Later Observations
Coherence essential for use as a reference framework
Coherence: Internally, logically consistent Adequate, testable representation of the world as we know it
Current UGC (user-generated content) lacks structural coherence
Flat was not desirable; structure brings other benefits (search, discovery, inference)
Thus:
What should be the basis of this coherent structure?
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Candidates Investigated
Topic Maps
SUMO
BFO
PROTON
Library classification systems
Wikipedia, DMOZ, etc.
WordNet
Gellish
DOLCE
Eventual choice: Cyc
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Derived from OpenCyc
. . . 90% reduction
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UMBEL is a Meta Layer for Metadata
Provides a standard set of subjects for tieing in content and datasets
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Binding Exchange Layer
UMBEL is Middleware
UMBEL ontology is based on RDF RDF Schema vocabulary of SKOS (Simple Knowledge
Organization System) OWL Full to aid class, domain and range relationships with
external ontologies
Cyc
(inferencing, structure and other tools)
UMBEL
Any external content
(ontologies + named entities)
Any external content
(ontologies + named entities)
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UMBEL is a Roadmap
A set of roadsigns to help find related content
A contextual way to get from one concept space to another
More detailed maps used for specific domains
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Binding Exchange Layer
UMBEL is a Backbone
The backbone to UMBEL is the relationships amongst its subject concepts
The backbone provides the contextual graph for inter-relating content
The backbone is a reference structure for more specific domains or ontologies
The backbone is contextual, and relatively stable and constant
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Upper Mapping and
Binding Exchange Layer
UMBEL is an Ontology
The UMBEL ontology is based on RDFS, SKOS and OWL-Full 1
The UMBEL ontology is a binding vocabulary and relationships for tieing Web datasets together
The UMBEL ontology introduces: 3 new classes 9 new properties (predicates)
1 RDFS – Resource Description Framework Schema; SKOS – Simple Knowledge Organization System; OWL – Web Ontology Language
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Upper Mapping and
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Subject Concepts
20,000 defined reference points in information space
Means to assert what a given chunk of content is about
Enable similar content to be aggregated
Place content in context with other content
Aggregation points for tying in named entities
Totally derived and a subset of OpenCyc, the open source version of the Cyc knowledge base
http://www.opencyc.com http://www.cycorp.com
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Binding Exchange Layer
Named Entities
The places, events, people, objects, and specific things of the real world
Literally millions of notable instances
Each belongs to one or more subject concept(s)
Currently, the predominate basis for Linked Data
Important sources include Wikipedia (Yago) and other public sources
Can be readily mixed-and-matched with private entities
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‘Exploding the Domain’
Each subject concept is an individual of the skos:Concept class, which are themselves OWL classes
Since subject concepts are classes, can relate to external ontology classes using rdfs:subClassOf and owl:equivalentClass
Under right circumstances, can also inherit properties
Through inferencing, silo data now can inherit open world understanding, therefore:
exploding the domain
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A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . .
. . . all 20,000 nodes
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Binding Exchange Layer
A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . .
. . . top 750 nodes
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Binding Exchange Layer
A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . .
. . . top 350 nodes
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Binding Exchange Layer
A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . .
. . . zeroing in on ‘automobiles’
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Binding Exchange Layer
A Deep Dive into the Backbone . . .
. . . zeroing in on ‘Saabs’
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Re-use of Existing Ontologies Properties of the Dublin Core ontology:
dcterms:language
Properties of the SKOS ontology: skos:prefLabel skos:altLabel skos:definition skos:broader skos:narrower skos:related skos:broaderTransitive skos:narrowerTransitive seven other minor ones
Properties of the RDFS ontology: rdfs:subClassOf
Properties of the OWL ontology: owl:equivalentClass
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New UMBEL Classes
umbel:SubjectConcept – concrete, subject-related, and non-abstract “things” with members or instances that are part of the real world
umbel:AbstractConcept – abstract or ephemeral notions often used solely for organization or categorization; used only internally for graph interconnectivity
umbel:Semset – sematically close terms or phrases synonymous or nearly so with subject concepts or named entities; may embrace jargon and contemporary tags
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New UMBEL Predicates
umbel:isAligned – associative class to subject concept link
umbel:isAbout – associative named entity to subject concept link
umbel:isLike – associative link between individuals where similar, but exact sameness uncertain
umbel:hasSemset – links a subject concept to its semset
umbel:linksConcept – inverse property of isAligned
umbel:linksEntity – inverse property of isAbout
umbel:superClassOf – inverse to rdfs:subClassOf
umbel:withAlignment – degree of alignment estimate for isAligned
umbel:withLikelihood – degree of alignment estimate for isAbout
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Sample Specification
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Linkage to External Ontologies FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend
Ontology)
FOAF Yandex (Friend-of-a-Friend Yandex extension Ontology)
RSS 1.0 (Really Simple Syndicate Ontology)
SIOC (Socially Interlinked Online Communities Ontology)
DOAP (Description of a Project Ontology)
BIBO (Bibliographic Ontology)
GEO WGS84 (Geo wgs84 Ontology)
GEONAMES (Geonames Ontology)
CC (Creative Commons Ontology)
EVENT (Event Ontology)
PO (Programme Ontology)
MO (Music Ontology)
FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
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Binding Exchange Layer
UMBEL’s Web Services
Find Subject Concepts
Subject Concept Report
Subject Concept Detailed Report
List Sub-Concepts & Sub-Classes
List Super-Concepts & Super-Classes
List Equivalent External Classes
Discover Subject Concepts
Verify Sub-Class Relationship
Verify Super-Class Relationship
Verify Equivalent Class Relationship
Subject Concepts Explorer
DBpedia Linkage
Yago Ontology
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Demos, Docs & APIs
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Subject Concept Explorer
Conclusion and Further Information
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Why Important to the Semantic Web?
Context, Context, CONTEXT
For Linked Data Context !
For Web Search: Infinite facets Disambiguation Cleaner navigation
For Legacy Data Stovepipes: Making the connections Closed World schemas become Open World information Context !
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Ongoing Efforts
SPARQL endpoints and APIs
Now creating domain-specific ontologies Analogous to OBO (Open Biomedical Ontologies),
except: Central role of subject concept reference ontology (UMBEL) Exposure as linked data Some may be proprietary, enterprise-specific
Following same design as UMBEL: Lightweight Use of UMBEL vocabulary (predicates) Structural consistency with UMBEL, Cyc
Use Cyc, other tools for consistency and coherence checks for new relationships
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For Further Information Main Web site:
http://www.umbel.org UMBEL Web services:
http://umbel.zitgist.com Download ontology:
http://umbel.org/ontology/umbel.n3 Documentation:
http://www.umbel.org/documentation.html Wiki:
http://wiki.umbel.org/ Google group:
http://groups.google.com/group/umbel-ontology Slide presentations:
http://www.slideshare.net/mkbergman
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Contributions and Thanks
Zitgist LLC – staff time and hosting services
OpenLink Software – infrastructure, financing and software
Cycorp – OpenCyc and revisions and tailoring
YAGO – named entities from Wikipedia
The Cyc Foundation – design assistance and Web services
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Contact Information
Mike Bergman, editorZitgist [email protected]
Fred Giasson, editorZitgist [email protected]
Thanks to for hosting us !