September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom...
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Transcript of September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom...
![Page 1: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
September 22nd, 2011
Second Declension Neuters; Adjectives; Present Indicative of
Sum; Predicate Nouns and Adjectives; Substantive Adjectives; Future and Imperfect Tenses in the
First and Second Conjugations; “-er” Adjectives
![Page 2: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o.
Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is.
Cf. Wheelock, pp. 24-25.
Second Declension Neuter Nouns
![Page 3: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Adjectives of the first and second declensions have masculine, feminine, or neuter endings (i.e. Magnus, magna, magnum; cf. Wheelock pp. 25-6).
Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in Gender, Number, and Case.
Decline meus, -a, -um (= my) for each gender.
Declension of 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives
![Page 4: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Like some second declension masculine nouns that end in –er in the nominative singular, some first and second declension adjectives also end in –er in the masculine, nominative singular.
Otherwise decline like any 1st or 2nd declension adjective.
Cf. Wheelock, p. 33.
Unusual Adjectives Ending in –er.
![Page 5: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Adjectives that modify a noun are attributive adjectives.
Substantives = Adjectives used as nouns.
Bona = “good” OR “a good woman” OR “good things.”
Boni = “good” OR “the good men” etc.
If an adjective stands alone (i.e. Does not modify a noun) it might be a substantive.
Always pay attention to the gender and number.
Cf. Wheelock, p. 27
Substantives
![Page 6: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Singular:1st Person – Sum = I am.2nd Person – Es = You are.3rd Person – Est = She/He/It is.
Plural:1st Person – Sumus = We are.2nd Person – Estis = You are.3rd Person – Sunt = They are.
Infinitive – Esse – To be.
Present Indicative of Sum
![Page 7: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sum is an intransitive verb (i.e. It takes no direct object).
Copulative verb (i.e. Connects two elements in a sentence).
The copulative verb “to be” equates the subject of a sentence with its predicate (i.e. Caesar is a great man – Caesar est vir magnus OR Caesar est magnus).
Note that the predicate adjective (and/or noun) agrees with the subject in number and case) – Amicae sunt bonae = The girlfriends are good.
Note that in cases of multiple subjects the predicate adjective agrees with the closest one, although often the masculine is used (i.e. The boy and girl are good – Puer et puella sunt boni.).
Predicate Nouns and Adjectives
![Page 8: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Future tense of first two conjugations characterized by verb stem + bi + personal endings (-o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis,- nt).
Laudo, -are (to praise). 1st – Laudabo = I shall praise. 2nd – Laudabis = You will praise. 3rd – Laudabit = He/She/It will praise.
1st – Laudabimus = We shall praise. 2nd – Laudabitis = You will praise. 3rd – Laudabunt = They will praise.
Moneo, -ere (to advise). 1st – Monebo – I shall advise. 2nd – Monebis = You will advise. 3rd – Monebit = He/She/It will advise.
1st – Monebimus = We shall advise. 2nd – Monebitis = You will advise. 3rd – Monebunt = They will advise.
Future Tense of First and Second Conjugations
![Page 9: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Conjugate “Erro, -are” (I wander, I err etc.) in the Future Indicative Active.
![Page 10: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Conjugate “Terreo, -ere” (to frighten, terrify) in the Future Indicative Active.
![Page 11: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Imperfect comes from imperfectum “incomplete.” Connotes action in the past that is ongoing, as opposed to
action in the past that simply completed.
Examples: Caesar conquered Gaul (Perfect – completed action).BUT Caesar was conquering Gaul (Imperfect – incomplete or
ongoing action).
Translate as “was _ing” OR “used to _.”
Imperfect tense for 1st and 2nd conjugations characterized by: verb stem + ba + personal endings.
The Imperfect Tense
![Page 12: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Laudo, -are Laudabam – I was praising,
used to praise. Laudabas – You were praising,
used to praise. Laudabat – He/She/It was
praising, used to praise.
Laudabamus – We were praising, used to praise.
Laudabatis – You were praising, used to praise.
Laudabant – They were praising, used to praise.
Monebam – I was advising, used to advise.
Monebas – You were advising, used to advise.
Monebat – He/She/It was advising, used to advise.
Monebamus – We were advising, used to advise.
Monebatis – You were advising, used to advise.
Monebant – They were advising, used to advise.
Imperfect Tense of 1st and 2nd Conjugations
Moneo -ere
![Page 13: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conjugate “Terreo, -ere” (to frighten, terrify) in the Imperfect Indicative Active.
![Page 14: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conjugate “Erro, -are” (I wander, I err etc.) in the Imperfect Indicative Active.
![Page 15: September 22 nd, 2011. Singular Nom – um. Gen – i. Dat – o. Acc – um. Abl – o. Plural Nom –a. Gen – orum. Dat – is. Acc – a. Abl – is. Cf. Wheelock, pp.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf75503460f949c7461/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sententiae Antiquae, p. 35