Cloudy Forecast

Donald F. (Rick) McMullenDirector, Arkansas High Performance Computing Center

Research Professor, Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineeringdfmcmull@uark.edu

NISO Virtual Conference: Library Data in the CloudSeptember 24, 2014

cloud/kloud/

noun: cloud; plural noun: clouds

1. a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.

- an indistinct or billowing mass, especially of smoke or dust. - a vague patch of color in or on a liquid or transparent surface.

2. a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.

verb: cloud; 3rd person present: clouds; past tense: clouded; past participle: clouded; gerund or present participle: clouding

1. (of the sky) become overcast with clouds.- darken (the sky) with clouds.

2. make or become less clear or transparent.

- make (a matter or mental process) unclear or uncertain; confuse.

3. Computing: a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet

and used to store, manage, and process data in place of local servers or

personal computers.

cloud/kloud/

noun: cloud; plural noun: clouds

1. a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.

- an indistinct or billowing mass, especially of smoke or dust. - a vague patch of color in or on a liquid or transparent surface.

2. a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.

verb: cloud; 3rd person present: clouds; past tense: clouded; past participle: clouded; gerund or present participle: clouding

1. (of the sky) become overcast with clouds.- darken (the sky) with clouds.

2. make or become less clear or transparent.

- make (a matter or mental process) unclear or uncertain; confuse.

3. Computing: a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet

and used to store, manage, and process data in place of local servers or

personal computers.

cloud/kloud/

noun: cloud; plural noun: clouds

1. a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.

- an indistinct or billowing mass, especially of smoke or dust. - a vague patch of color in or on a liquid or transparent surface.

2. a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.

verb: cloud; 3rd person present: clouds; past tense: clouded; past participle: clouded; gerund or present participle: clouding

1. (of the sky) become overcast with clouds.- darken (the sky) with clouds.

2. make or become less clear or transparent.

- make (a matter or mental process) unclear or uncertain; confuse.

3. Computing: a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet

and used to store, manage, and process data in place of local servers or

personal computers.

cloud/kloud/

noun: cloud; plural noun: clouds

1. a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.

- an indistinct or billowing mass, especially of smoke or dust. - a vague patch of color in or on a liquid or transparent surface.

2. a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.

verb: cloud; 3rd person present: clouds; past tense: clouded; past participle: clouded; gerund or present participle: clouding

1. (of the sky) become overcast with clouds.- darken (the sky) with clouds.

2. make or become less clear or transparent.

- make (a matter or mental process) unclear or uncertain; confuse.

3. Computing: a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet

and used to store, manage, and process data in place of local servers or

personal computers.

cloud/kloud/

noun: cloud; plural noun: clouds

1. a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.

- an indistinct or billowing mass, especially of smoke or dust. - a vague patch of color in or on a liquid or transparent surface.

2. a state or cause of gloom, suspicion, trouble, or worry.

verb: cloud; 3rd person present: clouds; past tense: clouded; past participle: clouded; gerund or present participle: clouding

1. (of the sky) become overcast with clouds.- darken (the sky) with clouds.

2. make or become less clear or transparent.

- make (a matter or mental process) unclear or uncertain; confuse.

3. Computing: a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet and used to store, manage, and process data in place of local servers or personal computers.

Paradigm shifts (30 years)

ENIAC circa 1945, University of Pennsylvania, built byProfessors John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

XEROX Alto computer and Alan Kay, ca. 1973

Interactivit

y

and

ownership

Cost and

size

Just so you know who was “first”

XEROX Alto bitmapped display with mouse, running the Smalltalk-80 object oriented language, ca. 1979.

Alto was also the first computer to depend on networking for access to file servers and printers using Ethernet, invented at XEROX PARC in 1973 by Bob Metcalfe and others.

More paradigm shifts… where’s the information?

1970 – on mainframes, accessible through dial up modems and terminals

1995 – on the World Wide Web, accessible through personal computers and internet service providers Now – Anywhere, any time,

delivered by “the cloud”

“Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.”

Essential Characteristics

• On-demand self-service• Broad network access• Resource pooling• Rapid elasticity• Measured service

Three Service Models

• Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Platform as a Service (PaaS)

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Deployment Models

• Private– You own and operate it; it’s all yours

• Public Cloud– Someone else owns and operates it; you have

neighbors• Hybrid– You operate a private cloud and it can extend into

a public cloud offering; can blend public cloud services with your internal ones

Consumer

CloudAuditor

Security

Privacy

Performance

Network/Carrier

Secu

rity

Priv

acy

Iden

tity

Man

agem

ent

Cloud ServiceManagement

Service Orchestration

Cloud Service Provider

Service Layer

Resource abstraction and control

Hardware/Data Center

SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

Business support

Provisioning

Configuration

You are Here!

The Good (about Clouds)• Converts capital expense to operational expense• Lets you focus on delivering services to your

customers, not on building and maintaining infrastructure

• Somewhat standardized services at IaaS and PaaS levels

• Peering with national networks like Internet2 (more later) improves connectivity and uptime

The Bad• Standards are slow in coming (NIST, for gov acquisition)• Vendor lock-in is a possibility • Costs need to be understood and considered carefully

(core-hour, memory, storage, transfer, etc.)• PaaS, you may or may not be responsible for security• SaaS– if mission critical, need to consider SLA (uptime, penalties,

data loss, back-out plan, fail-over plan)– Data retrieval plan, compatibility of data with alternative

services

And The Ugly

• Vendors usually dictate terms for their service level agreements

• Offshoring of data is a possibility• For covered data in a cloud setting, Business

Associate Agreements can be there or not• SaaS providers can use PaaS or IaaS services

that you know nothing about• You are entirely dependent on “the network”

Why should libraries care about cloud services?

The ecology of cloud service providers of various types makes it possible to create and offer new services rapidly

Internet2 Net+ Program • Advanced Networking– 100 Gbps connections and channels– Network research infrastructure

• Cloud Services and Applications• Trust, Identity and Middleware– InCommon, Multifactor authorization, Grouper,

COManage, eduPerson and eduOrg

• Performance and analytics• Support and training

More topics to be covered today

• Cloud services specifically for libraries• Acquiring and managing data from the

“internet of things”• Teaching the cloud paradigm• Managing large and diverse data sets using

cloud-based services• Managing e-Resources in the cloud• Security, privacy and rights management

In Summary• Cloud computing and services are a positive

development • Not mysterious, but not simple either• More focus on developing and delivering great

services and less on building and managing infrastructure

• Requires different skills to manage• MAY reduce your IT costs as a service provider• Definitely will give you more options and space for

creativity

Cloudy Forecast

Donald F. (Rick) McMullenDirector, Arkansas High Performance Computing Center

Research Professor, Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineeringdfmcmull@uark.edu

NISO Virtual Conference: Library Data in the CloudSeptember 24, 2014