Sephardic Oral Tradition - Tuzbalice

8/16/2019 Sephardic Oral Tradition - Tuzbalice

1/40

Lyric Songs Traditional lyric poetry among the Sephardim also has strong ties to theIberian tradition.[17] Certain poetic forms, notably the Moroccan edding songs,embody a !"ocab#lary$ of parallelistic, synonymo#s rhyme ords identical%in part%to that fo#nd in early Castilian and &ort#g#ese traditional lyric poetry. Th#s, for'chemise(, 'belo"ed(, 'to sleep(, and 'ine(, e )nd the synonymic alternates*

camisa+delgada, amigo+amado, dormir+folgar, "ino+claro, among many others -l"ar1/0. Tho#gh some ballads also ha"e speci)c comm#nal f#nctions%as eddingsongs, l#llabies, songs of mo#rning%the f#nctions of lyric poetry, its #ses in speci)c#tilitarian social conte2ts, are in general m#ch more sharply de)ned. In many cases,this is liminal poetry, mar3ing the thresholds of h#man life, the cr#cial moments oftransition* birth songs, edding songs, f#neral dirges -rmistead 14* 456457.Many of these songs, either in their poetic form or in their speci)c geneticrelationship to 3non early co#nterparts, ha"e ancient Iberian origins. 8oe"er,some collectors of 9astern Sephardic lyric poetry ere asto#nded to enco#nteralmost e2act ordforord correspondences beteen certain pop#lar lyric songs,ell 3non in Istanb#l and in Saloni3a, and identical songs, s#ng e"en to identicalt#nes, by modern Spaniards. :#t these ere not ancient, pre;iasporic s#r"i"als. -n#mber of Spanish pop#lar songs reached the Sephardic 9ast on phonographrecords and ere icts* !- la #na nas? yo, + a lasdos me bafti@aron . . .$ 'I as born at one o(cloc3, at to I as bapti@ed . . .(. Thissame, probably


2/40

aY#gares. from the dory chest. Con la hoYa del ade>a, Pith lea"es of the rosebay,6 mi madre, los b#feares. Mother, f#migate them for me. Con la hoYa de la retama,Pith lea"es of the f#r@e, 5 mi madre, los saf#mare. Mother, perf#me them for me.

N si al aOo no "ol"iere, If I don(t ret#rn in a year, / sacilos al delale. ta3e them tobe sold N al primero precio, -nd at the loest price, 4W mi madre, los


3/40

Oral Literature of the Sephardic Jews

Samuel G. Armistead, University of California, Davis

Contents of Article:

Historical Background

The Varieties of Judeo-Spanish

Types of Oral Literature

History of Sephardic Ballad Collecting

Origins of the Sephardic Ballad Tradition

Sephardic Ballads and Other Ballad Traditions

La bella en misa The Beauty in Church!

Lyric Songs

"numerati#e Songs

$rayers and Charms

%iddles

$ro#erbs

&olktales

Bibliography

istorical !ac"#round

The edict by 'hich all Je's 'ere e(iled from Castile and )ragon 'as signed by the Catholic*onarchs+ &erdinand and ,sabel+ on *arch .+ ./01 Baer .02.-.0223 ,,+ /!4 But 'e should

not think of this banishment+ radical and catastrophic as it surely 'as+ as an altogether sudden+definiti#e occurrence4 ,t 'as+ in a certain sense+ a 5uite gradual+ centuries-long process4 SomeJe's+ 'hen threatened by the alternati#e of e(ile+ 'ere to accept Christianity and some 'ere to become sincere con#erts+ but many other conversos 'ho remained in Spain 'ere to practice insecret their ancestral religion for centuries after ./014 &or e(ample+ ,n5uisitional records tell usin detail of 6ust ho' such Crypto-Je's continued to celebrate+ in secret+ Sukkoth Tabernacles!and $esach $asso#er!+ in *adrid+ e#en in the early .7th century+ 'ell o#er t'o centuries afterthe banishment of Je's from Spain )lpert .0089 .00:!4 )nd a number of Crypto-Je'ish

http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_historicalbackgroundhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_varietiesofjudeospanishhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_typesofsephardicoralliteraturehttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_sephardicballadcollectinghttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_originsofthesephardicballadtraditionhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_sephardicballadshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_Labellahttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_lyricsongshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_enumerativesongshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_prayersandcharmshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_riddleshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_proverbshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_folktaleshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_bibliographyhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_varietiesofjudeospanishhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_typesofsephardicoralliteraturehttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_sephardicballadcollectinghttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_originsofthesephardicballadtraditionhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_sephardicballadshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_Labellahttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_lyricsongshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_enumerativesongshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_prayersandcharmshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_riddleshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_proverbshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_folktaleshttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_bibliographyhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_historicalbackground


4/40

communities ha#e sur#i#ed+ e#en do'n to the present day+ in $ortugal+ along the northeastern border 'ith Spain4;.s and #estigial memories of the presence of Je's also persist else'here in Spain and inthe )mericas4;1th century+ also highly conser#ati#e9 its abundantCollo5uial )rabic loan 'ords retained most of the )rabic phonemes as functional components of a ne'+ enriched Hispano-Semitic phonological system4 Euring the Spanish colonial occupationof ?orthern *orocco .0.1-.082!+ Ḥ akitía 'as sub6ected to per#asi#e+ massi#e influence from*odern Standard Spanish and most *oroccan Je's no' speak a collo5uial+ )ndalusian form ofSpanish+ 'ith only an occasional use of the old language as a sign of in-group solidarity+some'hat as )merican Je's may no' use an occasional Diddishism in collo5uial speechHassFn .020!4 "(cept for certain younger indi#iduals+ 'ho continue to practice Ḥ akitía as a

matter of cultural pride+ this splendid dialect@the most )rabi=ed of the %omance languages@ has essentially ceased to e(ist4 "astern Judeo-Spanish has fared some'hat better+ especially in,srael+ 'here ne'spapers+ radio broadcasts+ and elementary school and uni#ersity programsstri#e to keep the language ali#e4 But the old regional #ariations Bosnia+ *acedonia+ Bulgaria+%umania+ reece+ Turkey+ for instance! are already either e(tinct or doomed to e(tinction Sala.0:>9 Harris .00/!4 The best 'e can perhaps hope for is that a Judeo-Spanish koiné+ no'e#ol#ing in ,srael@similar to that 'hich de#eloped among Sephardic immigrants to the nitedStates early in the 1>th century@may someho' pre#ail and sur#i#e into the ne(t generation4;2


5/40

$ypes of Sephardic Oral Literature

On their departure from late medie#al ,beria+ the Hispanic Je's took 'ith them into e(ile a rich

body of oral literature4 Ongoing+ if in some cases only sporadic+ contacts 'ith the homelandsignificantly modified and enriched this original medie#al Spanish corpus4 "#en more important'as the impact of the many linguistically di#erse folkliterary traditions of the peoples among'hom the Je's settled+ particularly in the Balkans and in the ?ear "ast+ but also in ?orth )frica4;:


6/40

according to the norms of modern scholarship4 But riddles ha#e continued to be the black sheepof Judeo-Spanish folk literature and ha#e been gra#ely neglected almost to the present day4

Ori#ins of the Sephardic 'allad $radition

Judeo-Spanish romansas Spanish romances! are narrati#e ballads characteristically embodying.2-syllable+ usually monorhymed #erses+ di#ided into t'o octosyllabic hemistichs+ 'ith assonantrhyme in each second hemistich4;.


7/40

many ballads embody a #ariety of topical+ no#eles5ue plots3 prisoners and capti#es+ thehusbandMs return+ faithful or tragic lo#e+ the unfortunate 'ife+ adultery+ #arious amorousad#entures+ tricks and deceptions C*$!4 *any ballads can be traced back to medie#al ,berianorigins+ others 'ere in#ented by the Sephardim in e(ile+ still others can be sho'n to ha#ereached the Je'ish communities 'ell after ./01+ doubtless brought there by converso emigrants9

a fe' "astern romances are adaptations of *odern reek ballads trago&dia!+ 'hile otherstranslate &rench c"ansons populaires+ or ,talian and Catalan narrati#e songs4;.8th-century Spanish immigrants@particularly )ndalusians@to theSpanish =one of ?orthern *orocco4

La !ella en misa ($he 'eauty in Church)

Here is a Sephardic ballad of medie#al origin@sung in both branches of the Judeo-Spanishtradition+ as 'ell as in Castilian-+ alician-+ and Catalan-speaking areas of Spain+ in northern$ortugal+ and in *e(ico and )rgentina %$, S/!4 )part from its delightful content+ it elo5uentlyillustrates the basic principle that each ballad has its o'n+ sometimes highly distincti#e@if not+as in this case+ uni5ue@indi#idual history4 The ballad of 'a ella en misa !"e (eauty inC"urc"! originated as the central episode of a reek ballad+ learned and transcribed by Catalansduring their occupation of reece ...-.77!+ then taken back to Catalonia+ 'hence it spread toSpain and $ortugal+ later to be taken back to its land of origin+ 'hen the Je'ish e(iles departedfrom ,beria in ./01 Setton .0/79 )n torno3 8>-2>!4 This ballad also illustrates the #eryconsiderable presence of a Christian ambience and sometimes e#en specifically Christian details

and motifs in the Sephardic ballads@originally learned from an essentially Christian tradition@ conser#ed as an integral part of the ballad repertoire+ despite almost 8>> years of e(ile )n torno3.1:-./79 )rmistead 1>>>!4 ?ote+ ho'e#er+ ho' here the originally Catholic priest has beentransformed into an Orthodo( papa*ico4

Tres damas #an a la misa Three ladies are going to mass

por ha=er la orasin4 to say their prayers4

1 "ntreMn medio #a mi spo=a+ Aith them goes my bride+

la 5ue mFs 5uerPa yo4 the one , lo#e most of all4

http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn15http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn15


8/40

Sayo ye#a so#re sayo9 She 'ears many pleated skirts

un (iboy de altornasin4 and a 'aistcoat of fine cloth4

/ Su ca#esa+ una toron aǧ Her head is round like a grapefruit9

sus ca#eyos briles son4 her hair is golden thread

Cuando los tom a peinare+ and 'hen she combs it+

en eyos despunt el sol4 it glistens in the sun4

2 Las sus caras coreladas Her red cheeks

mansanas dM"scopia son4 are apples from Skop6e9

Los dientes tan chi5uiticos her small teeth

dientes de marfil ya son4 are all like i#ory4

7 Su bo5uita tan che5uetica ,n her tiny mouth

y 5ue no le ca#eMn peQn4 a rosebud 'ould not fit9

La su se6a enarkada her arched eyebro's

Frcol de tirar ya son4 are like taut bo's4

.> *elda+ melda+ papa=ico+ The priest+ reading his prayers+


9/40

de meldar ya se 5ued4 stopped in his reading4

@*elda+ melda+ papa=ico+ %ead on+ little priest9

y 5ue por ti no #engo yo4 ,M#e not come here for you4

.1 Vine por el hi6o del reyes+ , ha#e come for the kingMs son+

5ue de amor #Ma muerir yo4 for , am dying of lo#e4K;.2<

Lyric Son#s

Traditional lyric poetry among the Sephardim also has strong ties to the ,berian tradition4;.:


10/40

commemorate the destruction of the Temple at Jerusalem+ 'hich is e#oked in ##4 .-74 The rest ofthe poem in#ol#es a con#ersation bet'een a mother and her deceased son or daughter3

H a amim nombrados+ḫ &amous 'ise men+

1 de honra y de fama+ of honor and of fame+

los ye#an atados are carried off bound

/ y arrastrados por la #Pa4 and dragged along the streets4

Doren+ yoren+ las seQoras+ Aeep+ 'eep+ you 'omen+

2 las 5ue tienen ra=n+ for 'ell may you 'eep+

por la Ca=a Santa for the Holy City

7 y el h orbFn de SinU and the destruction of ionU

@Si habPa algn consuelo ,f there 'ere some comfort

.> y en Gste mi corasn+ in this heart of mine+

yo #os rogo+ la mi madre+ , beg you mother+

.1 por las piadades+ for the sake of charity+

5ue escribFis mi dulse nombre to 'rite my s'eet name

./ y en #uestros lumbrales4 on the threshold of your home4K


11/40

@D escrito lo tengo+ escrito+ )nd , ha#e inscribed it

.2 y en la #eluntade4 'ithin my #ery soul4

Los dPas 5ue fuere #i#a+ )s long as , li#e+

.7 mi madre+ con tus pesares4 , 'ill mourn for you4K

@Do #os rogo+ la mi madre+ , beg of you+ mother+

1> por las piadades+ for the sake of charity3

5ue sa5uGis mis nue#os #estidos Take out my ne' clothes

11 del arca y del a6ugares4 from the do'ry chest4

Con la ho6a del adefla+ Aith lea#es of the rosebay+

1/ mi madre+ los bufeares4 *other+ fumigate them for me4

Con la ho6a de la retama+ Aith lea#es of the fur=e+

12 mi madre+ los safumare4 *other+ perfume them for me4

D si al aQo no #ol#iere+ ,f , donMt return in a year+

17 sacFilos al delale4 take them to be sold


12/40

D al primero precio+ )nd at the lo'est price+

> mi madre+ los 5addeare4 *other+ sell them off4

D el 5ue los comprare+ )nd 'hoe#er buys them+

1 5ue no pase por la mi caye4 let him not go by my street+

?o los #ea la mi madre+ so my mother may not see them+

/ los de dolor al corasn4 those clothes of heartfelt grief4K;.7<

*numerative Son#s

There are relati#ely fe' cumulati#e or enumerati#e songs in the Sephardic repertoire+ but theyare+ nonetheless+ of great interest4;.0


13/40

las "oras 9ong of t"e Ḥours!+ kno'n only in the "ast+ follo's the hours of the day+ 'hilee#oking+ in these #erses from the ,sland of %hodes+ a typically multiethnic "astern*editerranean ambience3

,n il curti6o de )h met+ ,n )hmedMs courtyard+

ayP ugan a shesh-u-besh4ǧ they are playing at si( and fi#e4K

WXuG #olo dirG+ mi almaY Ahat can , tell you+ my dearY

)gora son las se(4 ,tMs no' si( oMclock4

Though here )hmetK is ob#iously a Turkish gentleman+ the curtijo e#okes the typical courtyardof an "astern Sephardic home+ a center of family life4 9"es"%u%es" is a Turkish form of backgammon+ 'hose name combines a $ersian si


14/40

17 fierro calsa#a4 and 'ith iron shoes4

@WOnde #asY Ahere are you goingYK

> @)nde fulana+ To the house of so-and-so+

hi6a de sistrana+ daughter of such-and-such+

1 a 5uitarle todo el ainarF4 to take from her all the e#il eye4

Todo el 5ue la mir+ "#ery person 'ho looked at her

/ con mala o6ada+ 'ith an e#il look

con mala ariada+ and a bad demeanor3

2 y a la fondina de la mar , 'ould thro' him

yo lo echa#a4 into the depths of the sea4

7 D el Eio la mele=ina#a4 )nd od cured her4K;1.<

The charm has strikingly similar analogues still current in Spain and $ortugal4 ) prayer for raincollected in .087+ in Los )ngeles California!+ from an informant from the ,sland of %hodes3)gua+ O EioU Xue la tierra la demanda 4 4 4K Aater+ O odU The earth demands it 4 4 4!+ is#erbally identical to the rain prayer included in on=alo CorreasM pro#erb dictionary compiled in

Spain in .21:3 )gua+ Eios+ agua+ ke la tierra lo demandaUK;11


15/40

1 de *iryZm ha-n[b\MZh protected by *iriam the prophetess9

me co#i6o con colcha , am co#ered 'ith the 5uilt

/ de rey ][l^m^h of Solomon the king9

entrego mi alma , gi#e up my soul

8 en poder del Criador3 to the po'er of the Lord3

"l 5ue me la guadre *ay he keep it safe

7 de h uego de flama+ from flames of fire

de muerte de (apetanya4 and from sudden death4

.> Sero mis puertas y mis #entanas , close my doors and 'indo's

con sPo del rey ][l^m^h melekh 'ith _ing SolomonMs seal9

.1 *\h ZM`l de mi derecha+ *ichael is on my right hand

abr\M`l de mi ensyedra+ and abriel on my left

./ ][kh\nZh po=ada so#re mi ca#esa3 and the spirit of od abo#e my head3

"scFpame de #eneno malo _eep me safe from e#il poison


16/40

.2 y de h IlZM\m rZM\m and from bad sickness9

escFpame de g[=`rIth malos+ sa#e me from misfortune

.7 kZ`r de sakZnZʿ and keep me free from danger4;1<

JosG *anuel $edrosaMs recent in-depth study of this te(t and its $an-"uropean congeners .0083.7:-11>! has shed indispensable light on its ancient origins and its magical implications4

iddles

)s 'e ha#e already obser#ed+ Judeo-Spanish riddles ha#e been gra#ely neglected4 )ninteresting+ but+ in comparati#e terms+ still seriously deficient corpus from the "astern traditioncan no' be studied+ but to date 'e still kno' nothing at all about riddles among ?orth )fricanSephardim4;1/


17/40

"ntra en la mar y no se mo6aY

@"sse es el sol+ pienso yo4

Ahat sort of a thing is thisY

,t goes into the sea and doesnMt get 'et4K

ThatMs the sun+ , belie#e4K!;12<

There are+ ho'e#er+ many other "astern riddles 'hich ha#e ob#iously been borro'ed from therepertoires of the Je'sM Turkish+ reek+ or Sla#ic neighbors4 The follo'ing multiple-ans'erriddle+ also from *onastir+ is indubitably of Turkish origin3

Todu ay al mundu3 "#erything e(ists in the 'orld3

Solu tres co=es no ay4 Only three things donMt e(ist4

Capac al mar+ ) co#er for the sea+

mili=ine a la muerti+ a cure for death+

iscalere para asu#ir a ladder to ascend

a lus sielus4! to hea#en4!

Luria .0>3 70!

The riddleMs Turkish counterpart reads3

Bi=im pacaya bir ku geldi+ ) bird came to our roof3

http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn26http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn26


18/40

hak dedi+ hk dedi+ ,t said3 Ḥak U ,t said3 Ḥ=k U

bu dnyada eye ,t said3 There is no remedy

are yok dedi4 for three things in this 'orld4

Eeni=e kapak+ ) lid for the sea+

g e merdi#en+ǧ a ladder for the sky+

lume are4! a cure for death4!

Bag= and Tiet=e .0:3 no4 .>/.4.a!

The "astern Sephardic riddles confirm+ then+ the eclectic+ multicultural origins 'e ha#e alreadyencountered in other genres of Judeo-Spanish traditional literature4

+rover!s

$ro#erbs are still an essential part of folk-speech e#ery'here in the Hispanic 'orld and+ in this+the Sephardim are no e(ception4 )s is the case 'ith other pro#erb traditions+ Judeo-Spanishrefranes are often pithy+ pungent+ and sarcastic+ using direct@and sometimes #ery crude@ language to get across a crucial lesson3 Xuen no tiene a la fermo=a+ be=a a la moco=aK He 'hodoesnMt ha#e a beautiful girl+ must kiss a snot-nosed one!9 Xuen mocos manda+ ba#as aresi#eK,f you send snot+ youMll get back slobber!9 Caga6ones y bembrillos son amariyosK Turds and5uinces are both yello'!9 *i nuera la garrida+ diskuG ke laba desfoyinaK *y bright daughter-in-la'U )fter she 'ashes+ she decides to clean the chimney!4;1:


19/40

)ntes 5ue te ca=es+ mira lo 5ue ha=es4

)ntes ke te kases+ mira lo ke ha=es 4 4 4

Aatch 'hat you do before you get married4!

)5ueyos pol#os tru(eron estos lodos4

_on esos pol#os se hi=ieron estos lodos4

That dust brought+ or made+ this mud4!

Eime con 5uGn andas9 te dirG 5uGn sos4

Eime kon kiGn fueres i dirGte kiGn eres4

Tell me 'ho you go around 'ith and ,Mll tell you 'ho you are4!;17<

Other "astern Judeo-Spanish pro#erbs ob#iously ha#e been borro'ed from neighboring Balkanor ?ear "astern peoples3 *oG muri9 )donai 5uedK *oses died9 od remains! has its e(actcounterpart in )rabic or Judeo-)rabic!3 msZ mZt+ ba5Z rabb il-samZ'ZtK *oses is dead9 odremains in Hea#en! _hayyat .0783 .08+ no4 >!4 That a person of superior status 'ill corrupt hisinferiors is pungently e(pressed by "astern Sephardim 'ith the saying3 "l pe(cado fiede de laca#esaK ) fish stinks from its head!4 The saying has reek and Turkish counterparts9 it is alsokno'n in ,taly+ but+ to my kno'ledge+ it does not occur in Spain3

Balk batan kokar4

The fish stinks from the head4!

)po tn kefal murP=ei tj psFri4

&rom the head+ the fish smells4!

$etele de la cap se \mpute4

The fish+ from the head+ stinks4!;10<

"(cessi#e caution is 'arned against in XuGn se 5uema en la chorbF+ asopla y en el yogurt4K He'ho gets burned drinking soup+ 'ill also blo' on the yoghurt4! Like many other "astern Judeo-

http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn28http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn29http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn28http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_edn29


20/40

Spanish pro#erbs+ this one is probably $an-Balkan in distribution+ though+ for no'+ , can onlycite reek and %umanian congeners3

orbaden a = yanan ayran fliyerek ier4ǧ

He 'ho is burned 'ith the soup 'ill blo' on the yogurt drink4!

Stten a = yanan yo urdan fleyerek yer4ǧ ǧ

He 'ho is burned 'ith the milk 'ill blo' on the yogurt4!

)po kF`keMs tn koloktha fus ka tj giaorti4ᾷ

He 'ho gets burned by the ;hot< pumpkin 'ill also blo' on the ;cold< yogurt4!

Cine se frige cu bor sufl i \n iaurt4

He 'ho gets burned 'ith borscht e#en blo's on yogurt4!;><

?eedless to say+ some Biblical pro#erbs ha#e also come o#er into popular usage in Judeo-Spanish+ as+ for e(ample+ is the case 'ith3 "cha un pedasico de pan a la mar9 algn dPa lotoparFsK Thro' a little piece of bread into the sea9 some day you 'ill find it againK!+ 'hichcorresponds e(actly to )cclesiastes ..3. simplified transcription!3

Shalah lah emeh al-pen ha-ma\m ki-berob ha-yam\m thimeaen4ʿ

Thro' your bread upon the 'aters+ some day you 'ill find it again!4

-ol"tales

Euring the early stages of field 'ork on Judeo-Spanish oral literature+ folktales suffered bycomparison 'ith the ballads+ so attracti#e to Hispanists4 )ll the same+ an important corpus offolktales+ rigorously transcribed in close phonetic notation+ 'as brought together early on+ because scholars looked upon the folktales primarily as samples of the spoken language+ 'hile

later collecting@follo'ing Aorld Aar ,, and the Holocaust@recogni=ed them for their o'nintrinsic #alue4;.


21/40

homeland+ but+ surely again+ the tradition 'as also greatly enriched by the di#erse "astern*editerranean traditions 'ith 'hich the Je's 'ere ine#itably in daily contact4;1


22/40

Como tantas horas ;pasaron


23/40

?astradP H o a+ ho' can you e#er make coffee 'hen the ceiling is up there and ;the fire do'n


24/40

'i!lio#raphy

)dams+ _enneth+ Castellano+ 6udeoespaQol y portuguGs3 "l #ocabulario de Jacob %odrigues*oreira y los sefardPes londinenses+K 9efarad + 12-1: .022-.02:!+ 11.-117+ /8-//2+ 1.-1124

)lonso+ EFmaso+ La tradicin Gpica castellana en la obra de *enGnde= $idal TeorPa y hechoscomprobados!+K 'a !orre+ .7-.0 .0:>-.0:.!+ .8-/04

)lpert+ *ichael+ The ,n5uisition Campaign in *adrid+ .:.7+ and its Conse5uences+K 6int" (ritis" Conference on >udeo%9panis" 9tudies, >uly ?%@, BB: Programme and Astracts+ ed4Hilary $omeroy et al4 London3 Xueen *ary and Aestfield College+ .008!4

)lpert+ *ichael+ ) *arrano $esach+K !ent" (ritis" Conference on >udeo%9panis" 9tudies, >une?B%>uly , BBD: Programme and Astracts+ ed4 Hilary $omeroy et al4 London3 Xueen *ary andAestfield College+ .00:!+ p4 24

)ltabG+ Ea#id &4+ "rhan )tay+ and ,srael J4 _at= ed4!+ 9tudies on !urkis"%>e2is" Ḥistory: Political and 9ocial $elations, 'iterature and 'inguistics+ ?e' Dork3 Sepher-Hermon+ .0024

)l#ar+ *anuel+ )ndec"as judeo%espa;olas+ 1d ed4+ *adrid3 ,nstituto )rias *ontano+ .0204

)l#ar+ *anuel+ Cantos de oda judeo%espa;oles+ *adrid3 C4S4,4C4+ .0:.4

)ngel+ *arc E4+ !"e >e2s of $"odes: !"e Ḥistory of a 9ep"ardic Community+ ?e' Dork3Sepher-Hermon+ .0:74

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ Eos conse6as sefardPes+K 6arraciones "ispanoamericanas de tradiciEn oral 3 Antología *adrid3 "4*4"4S4)4+ .0:1!+ pp4 08-.>.4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ "l cancionero 6udeo-espaQol de *arruecos enel siglo NV,,, Fncipits de los Ben-r!+K 6ueva $evista de Gilología ḤispHnica, 11 .0:!+ 17>-10>4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ %e#ie' of Vilar %amPre= .020!+ $omance P"ilology+ 10 .0:8-.0:2!+ 1:-1:24

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ and ,acob *4 HassFn+ Sobre el cuento tradicional

del Iismet dela "ija del rey+K )studios 9efardíes+ . .0:7a!+ .8-.:>4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ and ,acob *4 HassFn+ n nue#o testimonio delromancero 6udeoespaQol en el siglo NV,,,+K )studios 9efardíes+ . .0:7!+ .0:-1.14

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ "l %omancero entre los sefardPes deHolanda+K Jtudes de P"ilologie $omane et d#Ḥistoire 'ittéraire offertes K >ules Ḥorrent + ed4 Jean*arie dMHeur and ?icoletta Cherubini Lige3 edit+ .07>a!+ pp4 88-8/.4


25/40

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ Three Hispano-Je'ish romances from)msterdam+K 7edieval, $enaissance and Golklore 9tudies in Ḥonor of >o"n )sten Ieller + ed4Joseph %4 Jones ?e'ark+ Eela'are3 Juan de la Cuesta+ .07>!+ pp4 1/-18/4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ "l antiguo romancero sefardP3 Citas de

romances en himnarios hebreos Siglos NV,-N,N!+K 6ueva $evista de Gilología ḤispHnica, >.07.!+ /8-8.14

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ %eginetta Haboucha+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ Aords Aorse thanAounds3 ) Judeo-Spanish Version of a ?ear "astern &olktale+K Gaula: Leitsc"rift f=r )r*M"lforsc"ung + 1 .071!+ 08-074

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ Las ende#inas d6udeo-espanyolas+K AkiNerus"alayim+ 3.1 .071!+ ..-./4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ )di#inan=as 6udeo-espaQolas de Tur5uPa3 Los

R"nigmasM del %abino *enahem )=I=+K P"ilologica Ḥispaniensia in Ḥonorem 7anuel Alvar + ,3 8ialectología *adrid3 redos+ .07!+ pp4 7.-014

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ Sephardic &olkliterature and "astern*editerranean Oral Tradition+K 7usica >udaica+ 23. .07-.07/a!+ 7-8/4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ T'o Judeo-Spanish %iddles of reek Origin+K 'aografía+ .07-.07/!+ .20-.:84

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ )di#inan=as espaQolas de Luisiana+K Ḥomenaje a Alvaro 4almés de Guentes+ 1 #ols4 *adrid3 redos+ .078!+ ,,+ 18.-1214

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ )mGrico Castro in *orocco3 The Origins of a Theory+K Américo Castro:!"e Fmpact of Ḥis !"oug"t + ed4 %onald "4 Surt= et al4 *adison+ Aisconsin3 Hispanic Seminaryof *edie#al Studies+ .077!+ pp4 :-714

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ *Fs adi#inan=as espaQolas de Luisiana+K Ḥomenaje a Alonso Lamoraicente, 1 #ols4 *adrid3 Castalia+ .070!+ ,,+ 18-74

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ ) Judeo-Spanish $rayer+K 'a CorEnica+ .03..00>-.00.!+ 11-.4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ "popeya y %omancero3 )l sue;o de do;a Alda en la tradicin moderna+K9cripta P"ilologica in Ḥonorem >uan 7O 'ope (lanc"+ #ols4+ *e(ico City3 ni#ersidad)utnoma de *G(ico+ .001!+ ,,,+ :0-774

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ Judeo-Spanish Traditional $oetry in the nited States+K 9ep"ardim int"e Americas: 9tudies in Culture and Ḥistory+ ed4 *artin )4 Cohen and )braham J4 $eckTuscaloosa3 ni#ersity of )labama $ress+ .00!+ pp4 8:-::4


26/40

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ )n )dditional ?ote on Je'ish-Spanish Joseph ?arrati#es+K $omance P"ilology+ /0 .008-.002!+ 1:2-1::4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ R"yebro's like LeechesM3 Balkan "lements in a Judeo-Spanish Song+K 'a CorEnica+ 1/31 .008-.002!+ 0.-.>4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ Xuel5ues noms sGpharades du #ieu( cimGtire 6uif de $hiladelphie+K 'a 'ettre 9ép"arade+ .0 September .002!+ .4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+?ue#e adi#inan=as de "stambol3 Coleccin*il'it=ky+K 9efarad, 873. .007!+ .-2>4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ and James T4 *onroe+ J4-Sp4 puertas de reyesQ Rroyal courtsM ,R 9efarad, 87 .007!+ 11:-1/.4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ ?ear "astern and Balkan "lements in Sephardic Oral LiteratureK &irst

Cynthia *4 Cre's Lecture!+ Proceedings of t"e !ent" (ritis" Conference on >udeo%9panis"9tudies, ?B >une% >uly BBD, ed4 )nnette Benaim London3 Eepartment of Hispanic Studies+Xueen *ary Aestfield College+ .000!+ pp4 .-1>4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ BalladK and Hispanic Tradition+K 7edieval Golklore: An )ncyclopediaof 7yt"s, 'egends, !ales, (eliefs, and Customs+ ed4 Carl Lindahl+ John *c?amara+ and JohnLindo'+ 1 #ols4 Santa Barbara+ California3 )BC-CL,O+ 1>>>!+ ,+ 2.-:.+ /:8-/774

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ The *emory of Tri-%eligious Spain in the Sephardic %omancero+K )ncuentros S 8esencuentros: 9panis"%>e2is" Cultural Fnteraction !"roug"out Ḥistory+ ed4Carlos Carrete $arrondo et al4 Tel )#i#3 ni#ersity $ublishing $ro6ects+ 1>>>!+ pp4 128-1724

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ %e#ie'3 Harm den Boer+ 'a literatura sefardí de Amsterdam )lcalF deHenares3 ni#ersidad de )lcalF+ .002!+ $evista Canadiense de )studios ḤispHnicos+ 1/311>>>!+ /11-/1/4

)rmistead+ Samuel 4+ Seis cantos de boda 6udeo-espaQoles mss4 de )mGrico Castro!+K 'aeterna agonía del $omancero: Ḥomenaje a Paul (énic"ou+ ed4 $edro *4 $iQero %amPre= et al4Se#ille3 &undacin *achado+ 1>>.!+ pp4 .:0-.04

)rora+ Shirley L4+ On the ,mportance of %otting &ish3 ) $ro#erb and its )udience+K Testern Golklore+ /7 .070!+ 1:.-1774

)ttias+ *oshe+ $omancero sefaradí: $oman*as y cantes populares en judeo%espa;ol + 1d ed4+Jerusalem3 Ben-e'i ,nstitute+ .02.4

)ttias+ *oshe+ Cancionero judeo%espa;ol: Canciones populares en judeo%espa;ol + Jerusalem3Centro de "studios sobre el JudaPsmo de Salnica+ .0:14

Baer+ Dit=hak+ A Ḥistory of t"e >e2s in C"ristian 9pain+ 1 #ols4+ $hiladelphia3 J4$4S4+ .02.-.0224


27/40

Bag=+ ,lhan+ and )ndreas Tiet=e+ (ilmece: A Corpus of !urkis" $iddles+ Berkeley-Los )ngeles3ni#ersity of California $ress+ .0:4

Benardete q Samuel 4 )rmistead and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ >udeo%9panis" (allads from 6e2Nork collected by *air JosG Benardete!+ Berkeley-Los )ngeles3 ni#ersity of California $ress+

.07.4

Benbassa+ "sther+ and )ron %odrigue+ 9ep"ardi >e2ry: A Ḥistory of t"e >udeo%9panis"Community, @t"%?Ut" Centuries+ Berkeley-Los )ngeles3 ni#ersity of California $ress+ 1>>>4

BendayFn de Bendelac+ )legrPa+ 8iccionario del judeoespa;ol de los sefardíes del norte de 7arruecos+ Caracas3 Centro de "studios SefardPes de Caracas+ .0084

BGnichou+ $aul+ Obser#aciones sobre el 6udeo-espaQol de *arruecos+K $evista de Gilología ḤispHnica+ : .0/8!+ 1>0-18:4

BGnichou+ $aul+ ?otas sobre el 6udeo-espaQol de *arruecos en .08>+K 6ueva $evista de Gilología ḤispHnica, ./ .02>!+ >:-.14

BGnichou+ $aul+ $omancero judeo%espa;ol de 7arruecos+ *adrid3 Castalia+ .027a4

BGnichou+ $aul+ CreaciEn poética en el romancero tradicional + *adrid3 redos+ .027O

Benmayor+ %ina+ $omances judeo%espa;oles de 3riente: 6ueva recolecciEn+ musicaltranscriptions by Judith H4 *aulen+ *adrid3 C4S4*4$4+ .0:0aO

Benmayor+ %ina+ Social Eeterminants in $oetic Transmission or a Aide-)ngle Lens for

%omancero Scholarship+K )l $omancero "oy: Ḥistoria, comparatismo, iliografía crítica+ ed4Samuel 4 )rmistead et al4 *adrid3 C4S4*4$4+ .0:0!+ pp4 .8-.284

Benoliel+ JosG+ Eialecto 6udeo-hispano-marro5uP o hakitPa+K (oletín de la $eal Academia )spa;ola+ . .012!+ 1>0-1+ /1-2+ 8>:-879 ./ .01:!+ .:-.27+ .02-1/+ 8:-:+ 822-87>9 .8 .017!+ /:-2.+ .77-119 1 .081!+ 188-1704

Blondheim+ E4S4+ 'es parlers judéo%romans et la Vetus 'atinaW, $aris3 "4 Champion+ .0184

Bosnia q Samuel 4 )rmistead and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ 'ith Bil6ana ]l6i#i-]imi+ >udeo%9panis" (allads from (osnia+ $hiladelphia3 ni#ersity of $ennsyl#ania $ress+ .0:.4

Bro'n+ _enneth+ and Harm den Boer ed4!+ )l arroco sefardí: Ara"am 4Eme* 9ilveira, Arévalo, provO de Xvila, Castilla YY%Amsterdam D@+ _assel3 %eichenberger+ 1>>>4

Bunis+ Ea#id *4+ 9ep"ardic 9tudies: A $esearc" (iliograp"y+ ?e' Dork3 arland+ .07.4

Bunis+ Ea#id *4+ A 'eude*mo+ Jerusalem3Hebre' ni#ersity+ .004


28/40

Bunis+ Ea#id *4+ Piesa di Naakov Avinu kun sus iZus Bucharest+ .721!3 The &irst Jude=mo$lay+K Ḥistory and Creativity in t"e 9ep"ardi and 3riental >e2is" Communities+ ed4 Tamar)le(ander et al4 Jerusalem3 *isga# Derushalayim+ .00/!+ pp4 1>.-1814

Camhy+ ina+ )lgunas recetas de reposterPa sefardP de Bosnia+K ed4 "lena %omero and ,acob *4

HassFn+ )studios 9efardíes+ . .0:7!+ .2.-.0/4

Cantera+ &rancisco+ HebraPsmos en la poesPa sefardP+K )studios dedicados a 7enénde* Pidal + 8.08/!+ 2:-074

Carracedo+ Leonor+ and "lena %omero+ %efranes publicados por Da acob )4 DonF+Kʿ 9efarad + /..07.!+ pp4 70-82>4

CatalFn+ Eiego+ 9iete siglos de $omancero Ḥistoria y poesíaQ+ *adrid3 redos+ .0204

CatalFn+ Eiego+ Por campos del $omancero: )studios sore la tradiciEn oral moderna+ *adrid3

redos+ .0:>4

C*$ q Samuel 4 )rmistead et al4+ )l romancero judeo%espa;ol en el Arc"ivo 7enénde* PidalCatHlogo%índice de romances y cancionesQ+ #ols4+ *adrid3 C4S4*4$4+ .0:74

Cohen+ Judith %4+ and Oro )nahory Libro'ic=+ *odalidades e(presi#as de los cantos de boda 6udeo-espaQoles+K $evista de 8ialectología y !radiciones Populares+ /. .072!+ .70-1>04

Cohen+ Judith %4+ vDa sali de la marw3 Judeo-Spanish Aedding Songs among *oroccan Je'sin Canada+K Tomen and 7usic in Cross%Cultural Perspective+ ed4 "llen _oskoff Aestport+Connecticut3 reen'ood $ress+ .07:!+ pp4 88-2:4

Cohen+ Judith %4+ Sephardic Song+K 7idstream: A 7ont"ly >e2is" $evie2+ /038 July-)ugust1>>!+ .1-.24

Cohen+ Julia+ Creating a 'ost 9panis" [ProvinceR: C"arting 9ep"ardic >e2s onto Ḥispanic 7aps, \B\%B]?+ Honors Thesis+ ni#ersity of California+ Ea#is+ 1>>.4

Correas+ on=alo+ ocaulario de refranes y frases proveriales+ ;ed4 *iguel *ir


29/40

Costa &ontes+ *anuel da+ &our $ortuguese Crypto-Je'ish $rayers and their R,n5uisitorialMCounterparts+K 7editerranean 'anguage $evie2, 2-: .00!+ 2:-.>/4

Cre's+ Cynthia *4+ $ec"erc"es sur le judéo%espagnol dans les pays alkani^ues+ $aris3 "4 Ero=+.084

Cre's+ Cynthia *4+ Some )rabic and Hebre' Aords in Oriental Judeo-Spanish+K o< $omanica+ ./ .088!+ 120->04

Cre's+ Cynthia *4+ Te(tos 6udeo-espaQoles de Salnica y Sara6e#o con comentarios lingPsticosy glosario+K )studios 9efardíes+ 1 .0:0!+ 0.-1874

Ea pinar+ )ydin+ǧ A 8ictionary of !urkis"%)nglis" )nglis"%!urkis" Provers and Fdioms+,stanbul3 Eoyuran *atbaas+ .0714

Eanon+ )braham+ Les superstitions des 6uifs ottomans+K 7élusine+ 7 .702-.70:!+ 128-17.4

Eanon+ )braham+ Les superstitions des 6uifs ottomans+K Actes de l#3n*i_me Congr_s Fnternational des 3rientalistes $aris+ .700!+ pp4 180-1:>4

Een Boer+ Harm+ 'a literatura sefardí de Amsterdam+ )lcalF de Henares3 ni#ersidad de )lcalF+.0024

EPa=-*as+ $aloma+ 'os sefardíes: Ḥistoria, lengua y cultura, Barcelona3 v%iopiedrasw+ .0724

EPa=-*as+ $aloma ed4!+ 'os sefardíes: Cultura y literatura, ;Vitoriaournal of American Golklore, :8.021!+ >.-.>4

&LSJ q Samuel 4 )rmistead+ Joseph H4 Sil#erman and ,srael J4 _at=+ Golk 'iterature of t"e9ep"ardic >e2s+ #ols4+ Berkeley-Los )ngeles3 ni#ersity of California $ress+ .0:.-.00/9 1#ols4+ ?e'ark+ Eela'are3 Juan de la Cuesta+ 1>>2 Vol4 V!9 1>>7 Vol4 ,V! #ols4 V,-V,,, in press!4

&renk+ *argit ed4!+ &ernFn on=Fle= de "sla#a+ illancicos, romances, ensaladas y otrascanciones devotas, *e(ico City3 "l Colegio de *G(ico+ .0704


30/40

alante+ )braham+ Appendice K l#"istoire des juifs de $"odes, C"io, Cos, etcO+ ,stanbul3 ,shleri+.0/74

oldberg+ Harriet+ The Judeo-Spanish $ro#erb and its ?arrati#e Conte(t+K Pulications of t"e 7odern 'anguage Association of America+ .>7 .00!+ .>2-.1>4

Haig+ _erest+ 8ictionary of !urkis"%)nglis" Proverial Fdioms+ )msterdam3 $hilo Tress+ .0204

Harris+ Tracy+ 8eat" of a 'anguage: !"e Ḥistory of >udeo%9panis"+ ?e'ark3 ni#ersity ofEela'are $ress+ .00/4

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ Ee los restos de6ados por el 6udeoespaQol de los 6udPos del norte de )frica+K Actas del `F Congreso Fnternacional de 'ing=ística y Gilología $omHnica 7adrid BY+ / #ols4*adrid3 Conse6o Superior de ,n#estigaciones CientPficas+ .020!+ ,V+ 1.1:-1./>4

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ 'as coplas de Purim+ $h4E4 diss4+ ni#ersidad Complutense de *adrid+ .0:24

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ *as hebraPsmos en la poesPa sefardP de *arruecos3 %ealidad y ficcinlG(icas+K 9efarad + : .0::!+ :-/174

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ and "lena %omero+ Xuinot paralitrgicas3 "dicin y #ariantes+K )studios9efaradíes+ 1 .0:7!+ -8:4

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ Hacia una #isin panorFmica de la literatura sefardP+K >ornadas de )studios9efaradíes: CHceres, ?@%?Y mar*o de B\U+ ed4 )ntonio Viudas Camarasa CFceres3 ni#ersidadde CFceres+ .07.!+ pp4 8.-274

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ Visin panorFmica de la literatura sefardP+K Ḥispania >udaica+ ,,+ ed4 Josep*4 Sol-SolG et al4 Barcelona3 $u#ill+ .071!+ pp4 18-//4

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ Versin manuscrita de la copla sefardP+ 'a castidad de >osé+K 9efarad + 81.001!+ .1-.>4

HassFn+ ,acob *4+ La literatura sefardP culta3 Sus principales escritores+ obras y gGneros+K >udíos, sefarditas, conversos: 'a e4

Hemsi+ )lberto+ Coplas sefardíes C"ansons judéo%espagnolesQ pour c"ant et pianob + .>

fascicles+ )le(andria+ "gypt-)uber#illiers+ &rance3 "dition Orientale de *usi5ue pri#ately printed+ .01-.0:4

Hemsi+ )lberto+ "#ocation de la &rance dans le folklore sGphardi+K 'e >udasme 9ép"ardi London!+ 1/ July .021!+ .>88-.>8:+ .>809 18 Eec4 .021!+ .>0.-.>04

Hemsi+ )lberto+ Cancionero sefardí + ed4 "d'in Seroussi et al4+ Jerusalem3 Hebre' ni#ersity+.0084


31/40

Hony+ H4C4+ and &ahir z=+ A !urkis"%)nglis" 8ictionary, O(ford3 Clarendon+ .08:4

Hordes+ Stanley *4+ The Sephardic Legacy in the South'est3 The Crypto-Je's of ?e' *e(icoHistorical %esearch $ro6ect Sponsored by the Latin )merican ,nstitute+ ni#ersity of ?e'*e(ico!+ >e2is" Golklore and )t"nograp"y $evie2+ .8 .00!+ .:-.74

Hordes+ Stanley *4+ The Sephardic Legacy in ?e' *e(ico3 ) History of the Crypto-Je's+K >ournal of t"e Test + 83/ .002!4

Jeannaraki+ )nton+ M Xsmata kr1tikK metK distíc"n ka paroimin+ Aiesbaden3 *artin S{ndig+.02:4

_at=+ ,srael J4+ >udeo%9panis" !raditional (allads from >erusalem: An )t"nomusicological9tudy+ 1 #ols4+ ?e' Dork3 ,nstitute of *ediae#al *usic+ .0:.-.0:84

_at=+ ,srael J4+ ) Transcription of the Judeo-Spanish Ballad 'a vuelta del marido+K 7usica

>udaica+ 2 .07-.07/!+ 88-8:4

_at=+ ,srael J4+ and *4 *itchell Serels ed4!+ 9tudies on t"e Ḥistory of Portuguese >e2s+ ?e'Dork3 Sepher-Hermon+ 1>>>4

_hayyat+ Shimon L4+ %elations bet'een *uslims+ Je's and Christians as %eflected in )rabic$ro#erbs+K Golklore+ 02 .078!+ .0>-1>:4

_oen-Sarano+ *atilda+ Iuentos del folklore de la famiya djudeo%espanyola+ Jerusalem3 _ana+.0724

_oen-Sarano+ *atilda+ 8jo"a ke di*e Iuentos populares djudeo%espanyoles+ Jerusalem3 _ana+.00.4

_oen-Sarano+ *atilda+ Ionsejas i konsejikas: 8el mundo djudeo%espanyol + Jerusalem3 _ana+.00/4

_olonomos+ |amila ed4!+ Provers, 9ayings and !ales of t"e 9ep"ardi >e2s of 7acedonia+Belgrade3 Sa#e= Je#re6skih Optina Jugosla#i6e+ .0:74

Larrea $alacPn+ )rcadio de+ $omances de !etuHn+ 1 #ols4+ *adrid3 Conse6o Superior de,n#estigaciones CientPficas+ .0814

Larrea $alacPn+ )rcadio de+ Cuentos populares de los judíos del 6orte de 7arruecos+ 1 #ols4+TetuFn3 "ditora *arro5uP+ .081-.084

Larrea $alacPn+ )rcadio de+ Canciones rituales "ispano%judías+ *adrid3 Conse6o Superior de,n#estigaciones CientPficas+ .08/4


32/40

Leibo#ici+ Sarah+ ?uestras bodas sefarditas3 )lgunos ritos y costumbres+K $evista de 8ialectología y !radiciones Populares+ /. .072!+ .2-.7:4

Le#y+ ,saac+ C"ants judéo%espagnols+ / #ols4+ London-Jerusalem3 &GdGration SGphardite*ondiale "dition de lMauteur+ .080-.0:4

LG#y+ ,saac J4+ Prolegomena to t"e 9tudy of t"e V$efranero 9efardíW+ ?e' Dork3 Las )mGricas+.0204

LG#y+ ,saac J4+ and %osemary L4 um'alt+ Aun de lo su*io profita il mundo "#en from the dirtythe 'orld profits!3 ) Hidden Side of Sephardic $ro#erbs+K Proverium+ .. .00/!+ ./-.874

LG#y+ ,saac J4+ >e2is" $"odes: A 'ost Culture+ Berkeley3 Judah L4 *agnes *useum+ .0704

Libro'ic=+ Oro )nahory+ Glorilegio de romances sefardíes de la diHspora 5na colecciEnmalague;aQ+ *adrid3 C4S4*4$4+ .07>4

Libro'ic=+ Oro )nahory+ Cancionero sép"ardi du huéec+ ,+ *ontreal3 CGgep du Vieu(*ontrGal+ .0774

Lida+ Eenah+ %efranes 6udeo-espaQoles de "smirna+K 6ueva $evista de Gilología ḤispHnica, 11.087!+ .-84

Lieberman+ Julia %ebollo+ )l teatro alegErico de 7iguel 8aniel 'evíQ de (arrios+ prefacio deSamuel 4 )rmistead+ ?e'ark+ Eela'are3 Juan de la Cuesta+ .0024

Luria+ *a( )4+ A 9tudy of t"e 7onastir 8ialect of >udeo%9panis"+ ?e' Dork3 Hispanic ,nstitute+

.0>a4Luria+ *a( )4+ Judeo-Spanish Eialects in ?e' Dork City+K !odd 7emorial olumes: P"ilological 9tudies+ ,,+ ed4 John E4 &it=-erald and $auline Taylor ?e' Dork3 Columbiani#ersity $ress+ .0>!+ pp4 :-.24

*alka+ Victor+ 'es juifs sép"arades+ $aris3 vXue sais-6eYw+ .0724

*artPne= %ui=+ Juan+ Te(tos 6udeo-espaQoles de )lca=ar5ui#ir *arruecos!+ .0/7-.08.+K $evista de 8ialectología y !radiciones Populares+ .0 .02!+ :7-..84

*enGnde= $idal+ %amn+ )studios sore el $omancero+ *adrid3 "spasa-Calpe+ .0:4*olho+ *ichael+ 5sos y costumres de los sefardíes de 9alEnica + trans4 &ederico $Gre= Castro+*adrid-Barcelona3 C4S4,4C4+ .08>4

*ound+ loria+ The Hitherto nkno'n Je's of ,bi=a and &ormentera+K Gourt" (ritis" 9eminarof >udeo%9panis" 9tudies, 4lasgo2 B\@: Astracts of Papers+ ed4 ?icholas 4 %ound lasgo'3ni#ersity of lasgo'+ Eept4 of Hispanic Studies+ .07/!+ pp4 .0-1>4


33/40

*uallimo lu + ?e6at+ǧ !urkis" 8elig"ts: A !reasury of Provers and Golk 9ayings+ 1nd printing+,stanbul3 )#col *atbaas+ .00>4

?ahn q Samuel 4 )rmistead and Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ 'ith Oro )nahory Libro'ic=+ $omances judeo%espa;oles de !Hnger recogidos por Larita 6a"EnQ+ *adrid3 C4S4*4$4+ .0::4

}=ta+ _aya+ !=rke%fransi*ca, fransi*ca%t=rke atas*leri+ )nkara3 ?#e *atbaas+ .02:4

$edrosa+ JosG *4+ $lurilingismo y paneuropePsmo en la cancin tradicional de )l uen viejo+K $omania+ .. .001-.008!+ 8>-824

$edrosa+ JosG *4+ 'as dos sirenas y otros estudios de literatura tradicional: 8e la )dad 7edia al siglo `` + *adrid3 Siglo NN,+ .0084

%oden+ Claudia+ !"e (ook of >e2is" Good + London3 Viking+ .00:4

%omero+ "lena+ Teatro 6udeoespaQol al6amiado3 )diciones bibliogrFficas+K 9efarad + 17 .027!+/>-/>74

%omero+ "lena+ )l et%dín de los cielos+K 9egismundo+ / .0:!+ .8-1/4

%omero+ "lena+ !eatro sefardí K )l teatro y su crítica $euniEn de 7Hlaga de BD]Q+ *Flaga3Eiputacin $ro#incial+ .0:84

%omero+ "lena+ Complas de Tu-bibat+K Poesía: $euniEn de 7Hlaga de BD@, ed4 *anuel )l#ar *Flaga3 Eiputacin $ro#incial+ ;.0:2

%omero+ "lena+ and Leonor Carracedo+ $oesPa 6udeoespaQola admoniti#a+K 9efarad + : .0::!+/10-/8.4

%omero+ "lena+ )l teatro de los sefardíes orientales, #ols4+ *adrid3 C4S4,4C4+ .0:04

%omero+ "lena+ Las coplas sefardPes3 CategorPa y estado de la cuestin+K >ornadas de )studios9efardíes: CHceres, ?@%?Y mar*o de B\U, ed4 )ntonio Viudas Camarasa CFceres3 ni#ersidadde CFceres+ .07.a!+ pp4 20-074

%omero+ "lena+ $epertorio de noticias sore el mundo teatral de los sefardíes orientales,*adrid3 C4S4,4C4+ .07.4

%omero+ "lena+ Coplas sefardíes: Primera selecciEn+ Crdoba3 v"l )lmendrow+ .0774

%omero+ "lena+ (iliografía analítica de ediciones de coplas sefardíes+ introduction by ,acob *4HassFn+ *adrid3 C4S4,4C4+ .001aO

%omero+ "lena+ 'a creaciEn literaria en lengua sefardí + *adrid3 *aphre+ .001O


34/40

%$, q *anuel da Costa &ontes et al4+ 3 $omanceiro Portugus e (rasileiro: ndice temHtico eiliogrHfico+ 1 #ols4+ *adison+ Aisconsin3 Hispanic Seminary of *edie#al Studies+ .00:4

Sala+ *arius+ )studios sore el judeo%espa;ol de (ucarest + *e(ico City3 4?4)4*4 .0:>4

Sala+ *arius+ P"onéti^ue et p"onologie du judéo%espagnol de (ucarest + The Hague-$aris3*outon+ .0:.4

Sala+ *arius+ 'e judéo%espagnol + The Hague3 *outon+ .0:24

Schmid+ Beatrice+ and D#ette Brki+ )l " acino imaginadoR: Comedia de 7oli_re en versiEn judeoespa;ola+ Basel3 ni#ersit{t Basel+ 1>>> q )%B) ..!4

Scholem+ ershom+ 9aatai 9evi: !"e 7ystical 7essia" Y?Y%YDYQ+ $rinceton3 $rincetonni#ersity $ress+ .0:84

Sch'ar=+ Samuel+ 3s Cristos%6ovos em Portugal no 9éculo `` + Lisbon3 "mpresa $ortuguesade Li#ros+ .0184

Sch'ar=+ Samuel+ The Crypto-Je's of $ortugal+K !"e 7enora" >ournal, .1 .012!+ .7-./0+17-10:4

SGphiha+ Ha~m Vidal+ '#agonie des judéo%espagnols+ $aris3 "ntente+ .0::4

Setton+ _enneth *4+ Catalan 8omination of At"ens ]%]\\Q+ Cambridge+ *assachusetts3*ediae#al )cademy of )merica+ .0/74

Stillman+ Dedida _4+ The Costume of the Je'ish Aoman in *orocco+K 9tudies in >e2is" Golklore+ ed4 &rank Talmage Cambridge+ *assachusetts3 )ssociation for Je'ish Studies+ .07>!+ pp4 /-:84

Studemund+ *ichael+ (iliograp"ie *um >udenspanisc"en, Hamburg3 Helmut Buske+ .0:84

!res calas q Samuel 4 )rmistead+ Joseph H4 Sil#erman+ and ,srael J4 _at=+ !res calas en elromancero sefardí $odas, >erusalén, )stados 5nidosQ+ *adrid3 Castalia+ .0:0 4

Varol+ *arie-Christine+ ,nfluencia del turco en el 6udeoespaQol de Tur5uPa+K Ḥommage K Ḥamidal 9ep"i"a+ ed4 *4-Chr4 Varol and Ainfried Busse ?e' Dork3 $eter Lange+ .002!+ pp4 1.-

1:4Vidako#i+ _rinka+ Iultura panski" jevreja na jugoslavenskom tlu+ Sara6e#o3 vS#6etlostw+ .0724

Vilar %amPre=+ Juan Bautista+ 'a judería de !etuHn @\B%\YUQ y otros estudios+ *urcia3ni#ersidad de *urcia+ .0204


35/40

Aagner+ *a( Leopold+ (eitrMge *ur Ienntnis des >udenspanisc"en von Ionstantinopel + Vienna3)lfred Hlder+ .0./4

Aagner+ *a( Leopold+ Caracteres generales del judeo%espa;ol de 3riente+ *adrid3 Centro de"studios Histricos+ .0>4

Aagner+ *a( Leopold+ um Judenspanischen #on *arokko+K olkstum und Iultur der $omanen+ / .0.!+ 11.-1/84

Aagner+ *a( Leopold+ 9ondersprac"en der $omania+ ed4 Heint= _rll+ / #ols4+ Stuttgart3 &ran=Steiner+ .00> Vols4 ,,,-,V3 >udenspanisc"!4

Aalker+ Aarren S4+ and )hmed "4 ysal+ !ales Alive in !urkey+ Cambridge+ *assachusetts3Har#ard ni#ersity $ress+ .0224

Aeich-Shahak+ Susana+ The Aedding Songs of the Bulgarian-Sephardi Je's+K 3ris 7usicae, :

.0:0-.07>!+ 7.-.>:4

Aeich-Shahak+ Susana+ Childbirth Songs among Sephardic Je's of Balkan Origin+K 3ris 7usicae, 7 .071-.07!+ 7:-.>4

Aeich-Shahak+ Susana+ Canciones acumulati#as sefardPes y congGneres hispFnicas+K $evista de 8ialectología y !radiciones Populares+ 8> .008a!+ :-0.4

Aeich-Shahak+ Susana+ $omancero sefardí de 7arruecos+ *adrid3 )lpuerto+ .00:4

Ailson+ Ho'ard Barrett+ ?otes of Syrian &olk-Lore Collected in Boston+K >ournal of American

Golklore+ .2 .0>!+ .-./:4Durtba+ *etin+ A 8ictionary of !urkis" Provers+ )nkara3 Turkish Eaily ?e's+ .004

um'alt+ %osemary LG#y+ 'as uenas mujeres3 The _eepers of Sephardic Health and Home+K >e2is" Golklore and )t"nograp"y $evie2+ .8 .00!+ .>:-..14

?otes

• The present article 'as originally published in &rench+ La littGrature orale des 6uifssGpharadesK as translated by $atrick *oser!+ in Ca"iers de 'ittérature 3rale+ // .007!+ 0-.114The present te(t has been updated and the notes and bibliography ha#e+ in #arious cases+ beene(panded4


36/40

;.>c!4 Concerning the mi(ed Spanish-$ortugueselanguage that 'ould de#elop in the )msterdam community+ in London+ and 'ould e#en sur#i#e briefly in ?e' Dork+ see )dams .022-.02:!4 These later emigrants 'ould found+ in their turn+many of the early Je'ish settlements in the ?e' Aorld )rmistead .009 .002!4

;/!9 for folk-cookery3 Camhy .0:7! and especially the far-ranging 'ork of %oden .00:!9 for folk-medicine3 &irestone .021!9 um'alt .00!9 for folk-speech3 Benoliel

.012-.0813 .8.-.27+ .02-1/!9 for folk-belief3 Eanon .702-.70:9 .700!4 *olho .08>!documents numerous aspects of "astern Judeo-Spanish folklore4

;0>>!9 note also Bunis .00/!9 )rmistead .008-.002!9 for an authoritati#esur#ey of 'ritten literature3 HassFn .07.9 .0719 .008!9 %omero .001!4

http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref1http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref2http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref3http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref4http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref5http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref6http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref7http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref8http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref9http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref1http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref2http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref3http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref4http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref5http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref6http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref7http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref8http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref9


37/40

;.>+ are curiously insensiti#e to thehistorical+ cultural+ linguisitc+ and folkloric significance of 'hat at least some of them had e#en'itnessed firsthand4 Ei#iding their reactions bet'een@in a ma6ority@the crudest canards oftraditional anti-semitism and@in a small minority@a sympathetic humanitarian appreciation of

Je'ish religiosity and other positi#e features+ these Spaniards of the .72>s 'ere totally obli#iousof the uni5ue literary and ethnographic #alue of the Je'ish communities Vilar %amPre= .020327-:.9 )rmistead and Sil#erman .0:8-.0:23 1:/-1:8!4 ?ote also Julia Cohen 1>>.!4

;..-.0:.3 /8!4

;.8


38/40

;.73 77-0>!9 alante .0/73 11-1/!9)rmistead and Sil#erman .0719 .079 .07-.07/a%9 .007!9 for an e(tensi#e bibliography of$an-Hispanic riddles3 )rmistead .0789 .070!4

;18 years+ from *onastir *acedonia!+ collected by S4 4

)rmistead+ in Brooklyn ?e' Dork!+ October >+ .07.4;121-/>!9 for another early #ersion and modern Judeo-Spanish#ariants3 )rmistead and Sil#erman .0073 no4 0!4

;1:


39/40

e(tended account of Judeo-Spanish pro#erb collections4 Three of the best documented for the"ast are Lida .087!9 Le#y .020!9 Carracedo and %omero .07.!9 for *orocco3 Benoliel .012-.0813 1..-1/!4 oldbergMs conte(tual study .00! represents a significant ad#ance4

;17!9 Aagner .0./9.00>!4 Later folktale collections include _olonomos .0:7!9 _oen-Sarano .0729 .00.9 .00/!4LarreaMs #ery substantial *oroccan collection .081-.08! 'as poorly collected and poorlyedited@from te(ts taken do'n in shorthand U!@from 'hich a great ma6ority of the dialectMs)rabic loan 'ords ha#e been eliminated4 Eespite the #iolence done to the taleMs linguistic fabric+the collection at least gi#es us #iable outlines of the narrati#e content and continues to be anessential reference4 Peor es nadaq *artPne= %ui=Ms editing is incomparably better .08.!4 &ore#erything concerning traditional stories+ %eginetta HabouchaMs splendid !ypes and 7otifs inde(is indispensable .001!4

http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref28http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref29http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref30http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref31http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref28http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref29http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref30http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref31


40/40

;1.!4 The follo'ing forms need to be glossed3 tel%lal Rto'n crierM T4telll 9 from Cl4 )r4 dall-l !9 malé RneighborhoodM T4 ma"alle!9 pikc"í Rnight 'atchmanM T4 eki!9lampa Rlamp+ lanternM k4 lHmpa9 T4 lma, lmpa!9 kavé RcoffeeM T4 ka"ve!9 ev possiblyRhousehold things+ house-effects+ domestic thingsM elliptical for T4 ev%e yasY!9 irik Rteapot+coffeepotM T4 irik !9 tavHn RceilingM T4 tavan!9 musafírim RguestsM T4 m=safir, misafir Rguest+#isitor9 tra#eler9 strangerM 'ith H4 pl4 suffi( %im!4 The story represents )arne-Thompson type.1214 $oasting t"e meatO &or Turkish and Syrian #ersions+ see Aalker and ysal .0223 10-1/.+108 ;no4 23 ./1-./!4

http*++.sephardifol3lit.org+>sY+ALS=
http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref32http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref33http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJhttp://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref32http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ#_ednref33http://www.sephardifolklit.org/flsj/OLSJ

Sephardic Oral Tradition - Tuzbalice

Documents

Transcript of Sephardic Oral Tradition - Tuzbalice