Separation of Mixtures - Mr. LaPerriere...
Transcript of Separation of Mixtures - Mr. LaPerriere...
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Separation of Mixtures
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• Fixed composition
• Cannot be separated into simpler substances by
physical methods (physical changes)
• Can only be changed in identity and properties by
chemical methods
• Properties do not vary- Unique Density, Constant
Boiling and Melting Points
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Compounds
• Chemically joined elements- Can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, always in a definite ratio
Elements
• Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes
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• Variable composition
• Components retain their characteristic properties
• May be separated into pure substances by physical methods sifting, evaporation, magnetism, etc…
• Mixtures of different compositions may have widely different properties
• Do NOT have definite boiling/melting points
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Homogenous mixtures look the same
throughout but can be separated by
physical means
Examples: salt water, soda
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• Have the same composition throughout
• Components are indistinguishable
• Can exist between all phases of matter: air (gases) brass (alloy- blend of multiple metals -solids)
soda (gas, solid, liquid)
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Adding Liquids Together • Miscible- will mix-
water and alcohol
• Immiscible- wont mix
water and oil
Parts of a solution
• Solvent- part that does the dissolving- water is our universal solvent
• Solute- part that was dissolved (salt)
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Heterogeneous mixtures are composed of
large pieces that are easily separated by
physical means (ie. density, polarity,
metallic properties, size).
Pond Water, Vegetable Soup- Suspensions
Visible particles
Starch Water: invisible to the eye :colloid
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Physical Methods of Separation • Sieve – separates solids based on size
• Filtering – separates solids from liquids
• Decanting – separates solids from liquids
• Chromatography – separates 2 or more liquids
• Evaporation –separates dissolved solids from liquids
• Magnetism – separates magnetic from nonmagnetic materials
ex. (iron from non-metals)
• Activated Charcoal- Activated charcoal is carbon that has been
treated with oxygen. The carbon adsorbs a wide range of impurities
and contaminants, including chlorine, odors, and pigments.
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Filtering Decanting
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Chromatography
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Evaporating
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We can use physical properties to separate mixtures:
Please determine a method to separate the following and determine the type of matter:
Oil and Water Iron and Sand Sand and Salt Sulfur (not soluble) and Sugar Water and Dye
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Calculations
Actual Amount
Percent Yield = ------------------- X 100%
Theoretical Amount
(actual - theoretical)
Percent Error = ------------------------------ X 100%
theoretical