Separation of mixtures
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Transcript of Separation of mixtures
MADE BY : MOHIT GUPTA
CLASS : IX GROLL NO : 30
WAY OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES.
MIXTURESMixtures are constituted by more than one kind of pure form of matter, known as a substance .We can also say that a mixture contains more than one substance.
Mixture Of Dry Fruits Soi
l
Air is mixture of various gases.
There are two types of mixtures
HOMOGENEOUS
HETEROGENEOUSIn which
constituents present are
uniformly mixed and have no
arise of separation.
In which constituents
present may not uniformly mix and have clear bound
arise of separation.
We have learnt that most of the natural substances are not chemically pure.Different methods of separation are used to get individual components from a mixture. Separation makes it possible to study and use the individual components of a mixture.
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
METHODS OF SEPERATING MIXTURES
• EVAPORATION• CENTRIFUCATION• DISTILLATION• SEPERATING FUNNEL• SUBLIMATION• CHROMATOGRAPHY• FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION• COMPONENTS OF AIR
EVAPORATION
It can be used to separate solute from solvent.
We find that ink is a mixture of a dye in water . Thus, we can separate the volatile component (solvent) from its non-volatile solute by the method of evaporation.
CENTRIFUCATIONIt can be used to separate :• CREAM FROM MILK• SQUEZZE OUT WATER FROM WET
CLOTHES• BLOOD AND URINE TESTS
The centrifuge works on the principle of increasing effective gravity (g's) to enhance the rate of settling of suspended particles more dense than the buffer. Effective gravity increases as you increase the radius of your centrifuge arms, or with the square of the rate of rotation.
SEPARATING FUNNELIt is used to separate a mixture of
two immiscible liquids.
It works on principle that immiscible liquids separate out the layers depending on densities till denser liquid will always form denser layer and lighter liquid will form upper layers.
DISTILLATION
It is used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids.
Distillation is a method of separating the constituents of mixture (either a liquid or q gaseous one). It is a physical process and not a chemical reaction using the different boiling temperatures of the constituents to separate them from the others.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATIONIt's what produces gasoline for cars
and spirits for cocktails.
It is based on the principle that every liquid has different boiling point, none of the mixture of two or more miscible liquid have same boiling point on the universe. So a mixture of two miscible liquid will have different boiling point and on the basis of this it is separated by the fractional distillation.
SUBLIMATIONIt is used to separate mixture of salt
and ammonium chloride.
It is technique which is used to separate those solids from mixtures which directly pass to vapour state upon heating and vapors on cooling give back solid again.
CHROMATOGRAPHYIt can be used to
separate:• Colours in a dye• Pigments from natural
colours• Dugs from blood
It is the technique used for separation of those solutes that dissolve in the same solvent.
SEPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL GASES FROM MIXTURE OF GASES
Air is a
homogenous
mixture and
can be
separated
into its
components
by fractio
nal
distillatio
n.
AIR
Compress and cool by increasing pressure and decreasing temperature.
LIQUID AIR
Allow to warm up slowly in fractional distillation column.
Gases get separated at different heights.
OXYGEN ARGON NITROGEN
BOILING POINT(`C) -183 -186 -196
% AIR BY VOLUME 20.9 0.9 78.1
Flow diagram shows the process of obtaining gases from air.
THANKS
FOR YOUR
PRECIOUS
TIME