All students enjoyed the grammar class.
 
" A sentence is neither a long  nor short  group of
words.
"Length  does not determine what is and is not a
sentence.
" A group of words needs two parts to !e a
sentence: a subject  and a predicate .
"The su!ject tells us who or what  .
"The predicate tells us what about it  .
 
He smiles.
The park district will open an outdoor cafe in
No em!er.
!asic sentence# also known as an
independent clause . 
stable structure.  
the predicate is the other wheel.
 
wheel
&tudents
details. We add e(tra words to the wheels.
&tudents  in the !iology la! studied cells under
an electron microscope.
community center.
ad er!s:
reschedule our flights.
furniture.
he had missed the e(it.
 
storm .
ketchup# mustard# and onion.
profit on parts and ser ices.
 
 
o not separate them with a comma or
anything.
 
1 these two parts can !e e(panded
1 they connect to form a sentence.
 
A sentence is “ who or what  ”  and “ what about it. ”  
o 2 ha e a who or what   and a what about it?
3.4ane is as tall as 4ohn.
5.+ark came.
8.&he is the new student.
 
(e smiles and I la"gh.
All st"dents en o&ed the grammar lass so the& got ex ellent grades.
 
 
 
 
They are like !askets that need to !e
attached to a !asic sentence.
)ne kind of dependent clause !egins
with a su!ordinating conjunction.
 
more dependent clauses:
'ecause 2 registered early
 
front of a !ike.
 As soon as it stopped raining # we saw a dou!le rain!ow .
When we need a uiet place to study # we go to the li!rary.
 
We can also place them on the !ack of a
!ike.
We saw a dou!le rain!ow  as soon as it stopped raining.
2 got the classes 2 wanted  !ecause 2 registered early.
 
that is parked in my dri eway
 Another kind of dependent clause !egins with
the relati e pronouns who, which # and that .
%lauses are NOT  sentences. They are
like !askets that need to !e attached
to a !ike.
of the !ike.
pool # will open in ;e!ruary.
 
the !ike.
We are making pasta for the ,ichardsons# who do not
eat meat.
 
swimming pool#  will open in April.
,egardless of what kind of !asket we add# we
need a !asic sentence to support it.
&entence &upport
open in April.
 
sentences
sentence
;ragments
 
 As soon as 2 understood the pro!lem .  2 thought of a
solution.
ser es weekday commuters.
=et ’s rent the same mo ie. That we saw last
weekend.
2t was an easy task. -specially for someone so small.
The corporation pro ides employees with !enefits . 
=ike medical insurance and a pension.
We ha e ordered e erything on the menu. -(cept
fried !uffalo wings.
We put an ad in the =ake Norman Times. )ur local
newspaper.
2 sprinted down the street . Trying to catch the train.
The scientists continued their research. Hoping to
find a cure.
 Ashe ille for the weekend.
We walked up si(teen flights of stairs. To pro e to
oursel es we could do it.
isconnected 1 ing  and  – to  fragments
 
2 thought of a solution.
We can correct these fragments !y attaching them to
the sentence.
catch the train .
flooding.
'y the time we got home # it was dark.  
2rrita!le after a long day at work # we took a nap !efore
studying.
 
+y little !rother  # who was una!le to sleep # turned on
the light# and 2 woke up.
The elderly couple# /who were0 walking slowly up the
dri eway # wa ed at their grandchildren# and they were
happy.
4ohn 4ackson# a friend since grade school # is my math
 
4eff wants a hy!rid# his !est hope for   good gas
mileage .
 A gentle rain fell throughout the night# lulling us to
sleep.
We are !uilding a home with Ha!itat for Humanity# a
national olunteer program.
- eryone wants to lea e at noon# e en my sister  .
 And a ariety of !askets on the !ack:
 
" 2f you !egin a sentence with a !asket# use a comma
to show readers where the addition ends and the
!asic sentence !egins.
,eaders are looking for the who or what   and what
about it of a sentence# the main idea. %ommas help
them see that main idea.
2f we go to the early mo ie , we can sa e money .
 According to the weather report , tomorrow will
!e hot and humid.
show readers where the addition !egins and ends.
The art gallery , which opens this weekend , 
features local artists.
,u!y , my sister  ’ s !est friend , will loan me her
car.
 
2f the !asket is attached to the end of the sentence# the
comma shows readers where the addition !egins.
They are li ing in the present , not the past .
The award was gi en to 4ames 4ohnson , the most
respected person in our town .
 
1 the parts relate to the whole
1 punctuation signals these connections.
 
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eferen es