There are four major types of sentences: Declaratives or declarative sentences: the main use of a statement is to give information. Example: There´s a new Grammar book.There are many different uses or communicative functions” of statements.

Expressing Approval

You´re doing the right thing.

Expressing Sympathy It was bad luck you didn´t pass the exam.

Thankig someone I´m very grateful.

Asking for information

I want to know your plans.

Giving orders I want you to check these figures.

Declaratives can be positive and negatives statements.

Examples: Positive: We should have stayed

long. Negative: We shouldn´t have stayed

long.There are other words besides “not”

which have a negative meaning.

No , none, etc.

Not / n´t

No There´s no time. There isn´t any time.

None We wanted tickets, but there were none left.

We wanted tickets, but there weren´t any left.

No one, nobody I saw no-one acting strangely.

I didn´t see anyone acting strangely.

Nothing I saw nothing suspicious.

I didn´t see anything suspicious.

Few Few people came to my party.

Not many people came to my party.

Little There was little time. There wasn´t much time.

Never I´ve never seen the film.

I haven´t ever seen the film.

Seldom, rarely I seldom go to the theatre.

I don´t often go to the theatre.

No longer She no longer lives here.

she doesn´t live here any more.

Neither, nor Neither of us are happy

we are not happy either

Interrogatives or interrogative sentences:

Yes- no questions

Wh- questions: the interrogative word represents a missing piece of information that the speaker wants the hearer to supply

Declarative questions: they have the form of a declarative sentence but the force of a question.

Alternative questions: present two or more choices

Tag questions: they invite the hearer to agree with the speaker

Rhetorical questions do not expect a reply.

Imperatives or Imperative sentences

Imperative form Positive Come here.

Negative Don´t eat in class.

Emphatic Do be careful.

Uses of the imperative: slogans and advertisements: Visit our mountains. Protect our children. suggestions and advice: Take a holiday. Travel around and see the world. instructions and directions: Turn left and then…. Mix all the ingredients.

Informal offers and invitations: Have a chocolate. Come with me. Good wishes: Have a nice weekend. Enjoy your holidays.

An exclamation is any phrase or sentence spoken with emphasis and feeling.

There are structures with how and what in an exclamation