Sensor-based, site-specific N management in irrigated spring wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico
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CIMMYT Oklahoma State University Stanford University Sensor-based, site-specific N management in irrigated spring wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico
description
Sensor-based, site-specific N management in irrigated spring wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. CIMMYT Oklahoma State University Stanford University. 31%. Losses due to runoff. Measurements in the Valley drains. NO 3 0 – 12 mg/L average 6 mg/L - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Sensor-based, site-specific N management in irrigated spring wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico
CIMMYT
Oklahoma State University
Stanford University
Sensor-based, site-specific N management in irrigated spring wheat in the
Yaqui Valley, Mexico
30 Farmers' FieldsCycles 96-97 and 97-98
Apparent Fertilizer Recovery
Nitrogen rate (kg/ha)
75 150 225 300
% A
ppar
ent F
ertil
izer
Rec
over
y
25
30
35
40
45
50
75-0-25 Farmer's practice0-33-66 New practice
31%
Losses due to runoff
Measurements in the Valley drains.
• NO3 0 – 12 mg/L average 6 mg/L
• NH4 0 - 12 mg/L average 6 mg/L
Harrison, 2003
$$$
Beman, 2005
Wheat Cost of Production Cycle 2005-2006
Soil preparation (Tillage) $1,515 15%
Planting $895 9%
Fertilization $2,285 23%
Irrigation and Drainage $1,590 16%
Pest control $1,872 19%
Harvest $1,090 11%
Others $650 7%
Total $9,897 100%
Source: AOASS 2006
Main Factors Associated with NUE
– Timing
– Rate
Days after emergence
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Nitr
og
en
ab
sorp
tion
(kg
/ha
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Cumulative nitrogen absorption curve in wheat
Fertilization
75% 0% 25% Farmer’s management
250 kgN/ha
Days after emergence
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Nitr
og
en
ab
sorp
tion
(kg
/ha
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Cumulative nitrogen absorption curve in wheat
Fertilization
0% 33% 67% Best alternative
30 Farmers' FieldsCycles 96-97 and 97-98
Apparent Fertilizer Recovery
Nitrogen rate (kg/ha)
75 150 225 300
% A
ppar
ent F
ertil
izer
Rec
over
y
25
30
35
40
45
50
75-0-25 Farmer's practice0-33-66 New practice
Prob rain in January > X mm, 1969-2004
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
rain (mm)
Pro
b >
X
N Rate
Residual Soil Nitrogen in Farmer's FieldsCycles 1996-97 & 1997-98
Farmer's Fields
0 5 10 15 20 25
Kg
N/h
a
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan-Apr. Avg. Tmin
7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5
Val
ley
Yie
ld (
ton/
ha)
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.51982-2002
Lobell, et al. 2002
NDVI
RESULTS
2005-2006
N rich Strip
Sen
sor
Man
agem
ent
Far
mer
’s M
anag
emen
t
5 -20 ha
Stage Z31-32
Farmer Nitrogen RatesGrain Yield
(kg/ha)Yellow Berry
(%)Units of N
SavedPotential
Gain
Alejandro Oroz Gaytan (B. 1003)
138 Sensor 7134 13 82 $222
220 Farmer 7360 6
230 N Rich S 7433 1
Jorge Orozco Parra (B.
1110)
138 Sensor 6974 5 60 $134
198 Farmer 7153 2
276 N Rich S 7381 4
Ernesto Olea (B.909)
115 Sensor 7278 _ 82 $283
197 Farmer 7476 _
230 N Rich S 7730 _
Productores del Valle
(B. 516)
150 Sensor 8045 _
250 Farmer 7905 9 100 $1,145
243 N Rich S 8144 6
Farmer Nitrogen LevelGrain Yield
(kg/ha)Yellow Berry
(%)Units of N
SavedPotantial
Gains
Cristobal Campos (UCAH)
92 Sensor 7442
92 Sensor 7566 1 92 $782
184 Farmer 7566 2
276 N Rich S 7293 0
Ernesto Combuston
(B. 1924)
160 Sensor 7300 _
197 Farmer 7000 _ 37 $945
217 N Rich S _
Alejandro Oroz Gaytan (B. 1107)
148 Sensor 7677 4
230 Farmer 7771 5 82 $500
241 N Rich S 7817 2
AVERAGE 127 Units N Farmer $573
Days after emergence
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Nitr
og
en
ab
sorp
tion
(kg
/ha
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
Cumulative nitrogen absorption curve in wheat
Fertilization
75% 0% 25% Farmer’s management
250 kgN/ha
Potential Gains
250 Average N rate from farmer’s surveys
250 - 127 = 123 x 9 pesos
= 1107 pesos/ha
0 N 272 N
270 x 9 pesos = 2430 pesos/ha
243,000 pesos/100 has
Cesar Valenzuela
11 tons Chicken Manure
Conventional Management + 150 units of N
Sensor recommended ZERO
His neighbor applied + 75 kg N on top of the 11 tons of CM.
He did not apply any more NYield was the same
150 x 9 = 1,350
