Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Negative Bacteria Nasal Swab Isolates in Patient with Allergic Rhinitis...

7/27/2019 Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Negative Bacteria Nasal Swab Isolates in Patient with Allergic Rhinitis to Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin

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Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Negative Bacteria

Nasal Swab Isolates in Patient with AllergicRhinitis to Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin

By:

Danita Dwityana Gamalwan (20090310024)

Medical Faculty and Health Science

Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta

2012


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Background

Infection

Gram Negative

Bacteria

Allergic Rhinits

Antibiotic

Prevalence

Symptoms

Ciprofloxacin

Amoxicillin


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The Formulation of Problem

1. Is gram negative bacteria nasal swab isolates in

patients with allergic rhinitis still sensitive to the

antibiotic Amoxicillin?

2. Is gram negative bacteria nasal swab isolates in

patient with allergic rhinitis still sensitive to the

antibiotic Ciprofloxacin?


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The purpose of research

A. General Purpose=> to determine sensitivity pattern of gram negatif bacteria

nasal swab isolates in patient with allergic rhinitis to

antibiotics

B. Special Purpose

1. To determine sensitivity of gram negative Bacteria nasal

swab isolates in patient with allergic rhinitis to amoxicillin

2. To determine sensitivity of gram negative Bacteria nasalswab isolates in patient with allergic rhinitis to

ciprofloxacin


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The Objectivity of research

1. Amin R et al (2009), considering respiratory tract infections and

antimicrobial sensitivity

2. Ndip RN et al (2008),Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial agents of

the upper respiratory tract of school children in Buea, Cameroon.

3. Nursyasni (2005), Sensitivity pattern of gram negative bacteria in

Lower respiratory infection to Amoxiciliin in Microbiology MFUI.

4. Refdanita et al (2004), Sensitivity pattern of bacteria to antibiotic in

intensive care unit Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta 2001-2002


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5. Setianingrum F, (2009), Sensitivity pattern of gram negative bacteria

in Lower respiratory tract infection to ciprofloxacin in MicrobiologyLaboratorium Medical Faculty UI

6. Nursiah S, (2003) Pattern of aerob Bacteria caused OMSK and

sensitivity to antibiotic in USU

7. Utami F, et al (2010)Allergic Rhinitis as a risk factor Otitis MediaSupuratif Cronic.

The differences :

Sample => Nasal swab of

allergic rhinitis patient


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Literature ReviewA. Gram Negative Bacteria


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B. Allergic Rhinitis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/gambar/videoplayback_15.FLV


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C. Antibiotic (amoxicillin & ciprofloxacin)

Amoxicillin Ciprofloxacin

Penicillin Quinolon

Mechanism PBP reseptor, then

activates the enzim

autolysis and cause celllysis

Inhibit the synthesis

of bacterial DNA

gyrase


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Conseptual FrameworkAllergic RhinitisPatient

Normal Flora of the

Nose

Gram Negative

Bacteria

Gram Positive

Bacteria

Antibiotic

Sensitive Resistance


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Hypothesis1. Gram negative bacteria nasal swab in patient with allergic

rhinitis still sensitive to Amoxicillin

2. Gram negative bacteria nasal swab in patient with allergic

rhinitis still sensitive to Ciprofloxacin


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Research Desaign-Observational study with cross sectional method

Population and samples

The population in this study are student of medical facultyand health science of UMY => 39 samples

Research Location and time

Microbiology laboratorium of medical faculty and health

science of UMY in July 2011

Research Method


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Variable of research1. Independent Variable

Gram negatif bacteria nasal swab in allergic rhinitis

patient

2. Dependent variableInhibitory zone of gram negatif bacteria

Operational Definitiona. Allergic Rhinitis

b. Gram Negatif Bacteria

c. Sensitivity pattern


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Research Instrument

1. Tools : steril cotton sticks, test tubes, ose, petri

dishes, measuring pipette, tweezers, incubator,

spiritus light, autoclave, nasal speculum, paper

label, ruler.

2. Materials : allergic rhinitis patients with nasal

swabs, blood agar media, trytic soy agar, gramstrain, antibiotic disc (amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin)


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Plan WorkingAllergic RhinitisPatient

Nasal Swab

Incubation 24 hours,37C

Culture Result

Gram Negatif Bacteria

Sensitivity Pattern

Amox

sens

itive

sensitive

Resista

nce

Cip

Resista

nce


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23.07

%

76.93

%

Haemophi l lus inf luenzaeto

Amoksisilin

resisten

sensitif

28.20%

71.80

%

Haemophillus influenzae to

Siprofloksasin

resisten

sensitif

Result and Discussion


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12.82

%

5.13%

82.05

%

Enterobacteriaceae to

Amoksisilin

Intermediet

Resisten

Sensitif

25.64

%

2.56%

71.80

%

Enterobacteriaceae to

Siprofloksasin

Intermediet

Resisten

Sensitif


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Amoxicillin Amin R (2009) => Considering respiratory tract infections

and antimikrobial sensitivity. Amoxicillin has sensitivity

7,9%

Nuryasni. (2005) => Sensitivity pattern of gram negatif

bacteria in Lower respiratory tract infection to Amoxicillin

. Gram negative bacteria had resistance to

Amoxicillin


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El-mahmood A.M, et al. (2010) => Antimicrobialsuspencibility of some respiratory tract pathogens to

commonly used antibiotics at the specialist hospital, Yola

Ada Mawa State, Nigeria. Penicillin had been

resistance to H.influezaeexcept flouroquinolone.

The differences in this reasearch=> gram

negative bacteria had been sensitive to

amoxicillin


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Risk Factor of resistance1. Genetic mutation, genetic antimicrobial transfer

2. The use of antibiotic isnt accordance with the term

of theraphy

3. The diagnose isnt acurate, so that the theraphy

isnt acurate

4. The use of antibiotic is increasing


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Ciprofloxacin

Research in Medical Faculty of UI (2009) shows thatThe sensitivity of ciprofloxacin to gram negatif

bacteria is decrease

Research in USU (2005) shows that Ciprofloxacin had

high sensitivity to gram negative and positive bacteria.

This research shows that gram negative

bacteria has been sensitive to ciprofloxacin.


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Antibiotic Mechanism

Amoxicillin mechanism to gram negative bacteria=>Cell wall of Bacteria

Ciprofloxacin mechanism to gram negative bacteria

DNA synthesis


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ConclusionGram negative bacteria nasal swab isolates in

patient with allergic rhinitis is still sensitive to

amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin.


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Suggestion Examination of nasal swab culture isolates should

be considered carefully regarding sample storage

and retrieval techniques to avoid contamination by

other bacteria

Futher research needs to investigate the sensitivity

patterns of bacteria isolates another swab with other

classes of antibiotic


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References1.Amin R, Hoque A.M.W, Khan RF and Rahman M, (2009). Considering

respiratory tract infections and antimicrobial: An exploratory analysis.

Malaysian Journal of Microbiologi Vol 5 (2), pp 109-112.

2. Jawetz, E., J.L. Melnick, E. A. Adelberg, G. F. Brooks, J. S. Butel and

L. N. Orston. (2008). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi 23.Diterjemahkan oleh E. Nugroho & R.F. Maulany : Jakarta Buku

Kedokteran EGC. hal 153-160, 188, 190 & 211-217.

3. Katzung BG (2007). Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik Edisi

VI. Jakarta : ECG

Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Negative Bacteria Nasal Swab Isolates in Patient with Allergic Rhinitis...

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