Sense or nonsense ? Science or science fiction · I. Light is needed for photosynthesis II. No...
Transcript of Sense or nonsense ? Science or science fiction · I. Light is needed for photosynthesis II. No...
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenSense or nonsense ?
Science or science fiction ?
Morel production trials Preesman Potplanten B.V. Netherlands 2019
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Did you use a sat nav to get here today?
• It tell us when we will arrive at our destination• It tell us if there is a delay on our route• It tell us how we can avoid delay’s• It tell us where and when we need to turn• It tell is if we are speeding• It tell us where speed traps are• etc
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenWould it not be great if we had a “sat nav” to optimize plant growing?
• Could it tell us when we will arrive at our destination?
• Could it tell us if there is a delay on our route or if we are ahead of schedule?
• Could it tell us how we can avoid delay?
• Could it tell us where and when we need to turn and in what direction?
• Could it warn us if the crop is at risk for a disease?
• If it would help us making the right decisions and make a culture more profitable?
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
The (r)evolution…
Sense or nonsense ?Science or science fiction ?
Picture: Vakblad voor de Bloeisterij January 10 1946 Oppotten enin den bak planten van pelargonium Zonale
The future: plant growing in conditioned rooms where al climate conditions can be steered to the optimum
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
… and the resistance
When they asked the farmer what he would do with the money after he won the jackpot in the national lottery he replied: “I will continue farming until it’s all gone again.”
Sense or nonsense ?Science or science fiction ?
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenSense or nonsense ?Science or science fiction ?Why data is needed for making
better decisions
If the answer to a question starts with:“I think…..”;it means you don’t know it for sure!!!
If someone thinks the answer is not correct and comes with a different suggestion then one of the 2 solutions must be wrong….
Or even worse, both solutions might be wrong.
Now we got 2 opinions, but we are left behind being confused…. and without a bullet proof solution to our query!
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Plant growth
Moisture + nutrients
Light + temperature
Photosynthesis - respiration
What drives plant growth?
The 3 plant balances1. Photosynthesis – Respiration = Growth (dry mass)
2. Light + temperature = SpeedI. Light is needed for photosynthesis II. No light is needed for respirationIII. Speed of photosynthesis and respiration is driven by temperature
3. Moisture uptake – Evaporation - Transpiration = Growth (fresh weight)I. Is needed for transport of nutrients upward (source)II. Is needed for transport of sugars downward to fruits and roots (sink)III. Is needed for plant cell pressure / rigidi
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
We need to look at micro climate rather than on macro climate
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
What drives plant growth?
Photosynthesis (light reaction)6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + O2CARBONDIOXDE WATER SUGAR OXYGEN
Respiration (dark reaction)6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + O2CARBONDIOXDE WATER SUGAR OXYGEN
The speed of photosynthesis and respiration is driven by temperature.
light
dark
Photosynthesis – Respiration = Growth (dry mass)
Photosynthesis > Respiration = Growth (+ dry mass)
Photosynthesis < Respiration = - Growth (- dry mass)
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenVapour Pressure Difference (VPD) the driving force of stomata conductance
VPD = (RH plant * SVP @ plant TMP) - (RH * SVP @ air TMP)VPD = AVP @ plant TMP - AVP@ air TMP
SVP APDPlant TMP 18 oC 2,064 kPa 2,064 kPaPlant HMD 100 %Air TMP 18 oC 2,064 kPa 2,064 kPaAir HMD 100 %
VPD = 0 kPa
VPD calcualtion
Stomata closed / openPhotosynthesis no / yesEvaporation no / yesNutrient uptake no / yes
Absorption of CO2 through diffusion
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenVapour Pressure Difference (VPD) the driving force of stomata conductance
SVP APDPlant TMP 18 oC 2,064 kPa 2,064 kPaPlant HMD 100 %Air TMP 18 oC 2,064 kPa 1,4448 kPaAir HMD 70 %
VPD = 0,6192 kPa
VPD calcualtion
Stomata closed / openPhotosynthesis no / yesEvaporation no / yesNutrient uptake no / yes
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenVapour Pressure Difference (VPD) the driving force of stomata conductance
SVP APDPlant TMP 20 oC 2,338 kPa 2,338 kPaPlant HMD 100 %Air TMP 18 oC 2,064 kPa 1,4448 kPaAir HMD 70 %
VPD = 0,8932 kPa
VPD calcualtion
Stomata closed / openPhotosynthesis no / yesEvaporation no / yesNutrient uptake no / yes
Stomata closed / openPhotosynthesis no / yesEvaporation no / yesNutrient uptake no / yes
Using data to grow the perfect CyclamenVapour Pressure Difference (VPD) the driving force of stomata conductance
SVP APDPlant TMP 28 oC 3,779 kPa 3,779 kPaPlant HMD 100 %Air TMP 25 oC 3,167 kPa 1,5835 kPaAir HMD 50 %
VPD = 2,1955 kPa
VPD calcualtion
The effect of (TMP and HMD) VPD on root born diseases in Cyclamen
Phytophthora
Fusarium
Preconditions:a) spores must be presentb) optimum temperature 27-
32oCc) almost saturated root zone
Precautions:a) Disinfect recycled water even
if disease is not present (population management)
b) Close screens earlier with hot weather conditions. (Light is not the limiting factor)
c) Do not overwater but rather water lower volumes and more frequent
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
MACRO CLIMATE
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
MICRO CLIMATE SOIL TMP
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
MICRO CLIMATE SOIL MOISTURE
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
MICRO CLIMATE PLANT TMP
Respiration > Photosynthesis
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Effect of screen on air TMP and plant TMP
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Effect of screen on air stomata opening
Date
31-7-2018 55% okay1-8-2018 61% okay2-8-2018 64% okay3-8-2018 58% okay4-8-2018 61% okay5-8-2018 69% okay6-8-2018 62% okay
9-8-2018
Soil moisture level
Next watering cycle:
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
1 low2 medium3 high3 high3 high2 medium3 high
Root disease risk level
Warning dashboard
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Botrytis (grey mould) Conditions for a successful infection:
1. spores must be present
2. high moisture conditions to allow to grow a hyphae; form appressorium and penetrate the host
3. mycelium starts to grow and develop toxin
4. conidiophores become visible and produce 1000’s of conidia
Sense or nonsense ?Science or science fiction ?
4 hours high moist conditions required
24 hours
2-3 weeks
time at 20o C.
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Botrytis (grey mould)prevention through climate rather than spraying
Preconditions:1. spores must be present2. specific moisture conditions for
4 hours (at 20o C).a. overhead watering b. condensationc. guttationd. humidity > 95 %
Precautions:ü avoid overhead wateringü avoid condensation in the crop
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
Botrytis (grey mould)prevention through climate rather than spraying
Preconditions:1. spores must be present2. specific moisture conditions for
4 hours (at 20o C).a. overhead watering b. condensationc. guttationd. humidity > 95 %
Precautions:ü avoid overhead wateringü avoid condensation in the cropü avoid high humidity
0 none2 medium2 medium0 none0 none2 medium0 none
Botrytis risk level
Strategy is start dehumidifying when RH reaches 80%
Spraying is not effective if humidity is too highOnly spray if risk on Botrytis is high to manage spore population
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
CALENDER WEEK 44 -
Thresholds RH °C Temp Air
°C Temp Air (Day)
°C Temp Air (Night)
DIF Temp Air
°C Temp Plant
°C Temp Plant (Day)
°C Temp Plant
(Night)
DIF Temp Plant
VPD kPa
PAR light sum
(moles/m2/day)
Day lenght (hours)
°C Temp Soil
m³/m³ VWC EC5
m³/m³ VWC GS3
mS/cm EC Bulk
maximum 80% 20,0 22,0 18,0 22,0 24,0 20,0 1,5 18,0 26,0 78% 78% 1,00average 65% 18,5 20,0 17,0 18,5 20,0 17,0 0,9 13,0 0,0 23,0 64% 64% 0,75minimum 50% 17,0 18,0 16,0 15,0 16,0 14,0 0,3 8,0 20,0 50% 50% 0,50
Date RH °C Temp Air
°C Temp Air (Day)
°C Temp Air (Night)
DIF Temp Air
°C Temp Plant
°C Temp Plant (Day)
°C Temp Plant
(Night)
DIF Temp Plant
VPD kPa
PAR light sum
(moles/m2/day)
Day lenght (hours)
°C Temp Soil
m³/m³ VWC EC5
m³/m³ VWC GS3
mS/cm EC Bulk
29-10-2018 75% 14,1 14,6 13,9 0,6 14,5 14,7 14,4 0,3 0,4 2,3 8,3 15,2 0% 51% 0,730-10-2018 73% 14,0 14,1 14,0 0,1 14,4 14,2 14,5 -0,2 0,5 1,2 7,5 15,0 0% 55% 0,731-10-2018 68% 15,9 18,6 14,3 4,3 15,8 17,6 14,7 2,9 0,6 6,3 9,0 16,3 0% 52% 0,71-11-2018 77% 15,0 16,7 14,2 2,5 15,2 16,4 14,6 1,8 0,4 3,1 7,8 15,8 0% 44% 0,72-11-2018 72% 15,8 18,8 14,0 4,9 15,5 17,5 14,3 3,2 0,5 7,1 9,0 16,2 0% 51% 0,73-11-2018 65% 15,3 17,7 13,9 3,7 15,2 17,0 14,1 2,9 0,6 6,7 9,0 15,9 0% 53% 0,74-11-2018 67% 15,7 18,1 14,3 3,7 15,5 17,2 14,5 2,7 0,5 6,3 8,8 16,1 0% 45% 0,7
71% 15,1 16,9 14,1 2,8 15,2 16,4 14,4 1,9 0,5 4,7 8,5 15,8 0% 50% 0,7
GREENSENSE WEEK VIEW DASHBOARD
DAILY VALUES
THRESHOLDS
29-10-2018 4-11-2018
Morel Demo trials 2019
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
CALENDER WEEK 35 -
Thresholds RH °C Temp Air
°C Temp Air (Day)
°C Temp Air (Night)
DIF Temp Air
°C Temp Plant
°C Temp Plant (Day)
°C Temp Plant
(Night)
DIF Temp Plant
VPD kPa
PAR light sum
(moles/m2/day)
Day lenght (hours)
°C Temp Soil
m³/m³ VWC EC5
m³/m³ VWC GS3
mS/cm EC Bulk
maximum 80% 20,0 22,0 18,0 22,0 24,0 20,0 1,5 18,0 26,0 78% 78% 1,00average 65% 18,5 20,0 17,0 18,5 20,0 17,0 0,9 13,0 0,0 23,0 64% 64% 0,75minimum 50% 17,0 18,0 16,0 15,0 16,0 14,0 0,3 8,0 20,0 50% 50% 0,50
Date RH °C Temp Air
°C Temp Air (Day)
°C Temp Air (Night)
DIF Temp Air
°C Temp Plant
°C Temp Plant (Day)
°C Temp Plant
(Night)
DIF Temp Plant
VPD kPa
PAR light sum
(moles/m2/day)
Day lenght (hours)
°C Temp Soil
m³/m³ VWC EC5
m³/m³ VWC GS3
mS/cm EC Bulk
25-8-2019 54% 26,7 30,1 21,9 8,2 26,2 28,5 23,1 5,3 1,6 16,8 14,0 27,5 69% 44% 0,626-8-2019 59% 27,4 30,8 22,8 8,0 27,1 29,3 24,0 5,3 1,6 14,4 13,8 28,0 66% 41% 0,627-8-2019 63% 28,0 31,2 23,8 7,4 27,5 29,4 24,9 4,6 1,3 13,3 13,7 28,6 69% 41% 0,628-8-2019 70% 24,6 26,4 22,3 4,1 25,4 26,8 23,7 3,2 1,1 13,6 13,5 26,0 72% 52% 0,729-8-2019 70% 21,6 23,2 19,6 3,6 23,1 24,4 21,5 2,9 1,0 12,2 13,5 23,4 66% 50% 0,630-8-2019 67% 21,1 24,1 17,1 7,0 21,8 23,9 19,1 4,8 1,0 11,6 13,7 22,6 68% 54% 0,731-8-2019 64% 22,8 26,7 17,9 8,8 22,9 25,4 19,6 5,8 1,1 10,5 13,5 23,6 74% 58% 0,7
64% 24,6 27,5 20,8 6,7 24,9 26,8 22,3 4,5 1,2 13,2 13,7 25,7 69% 49% 0,6
GREENSENSE WEEK VIEW DASHBOARD
DAILY VALUES
THRESHOLDS
25-8-2019 31-8-2019
Morel Demo trials 2019
Date
25-8-2019 57% okay 3 high 1 low 0 okay 0 none26-8-2019 53% okay 3 high 1 low 0 okay 2 medium27-8-2019 55% okay 2 medium 0 none 0 okay 2 medium28-8-2019 62% okay 1 low 0 none 0 okay 0 none29-8-2019 58% okay 0 none 0 none 0 okay 0 none30-8-2019 61% okay 1 low 0 none 0 okay 0 none31-8-2019 66% okay 2 medium 0 none 0 okay 3 high
4-9-2019
Root disease risk levelSoil moisture level
Next watering cycle:
Nutrient uptake level Botrytis risk levelCalcium deficiency risk
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
“In the past growers had green thumbs, Successful future growers will have square eyes!”
-Eric Forschelen-
THANK YOU
Data driven growing makes sense and is no science fiction
Using data to grow the perfect Cyclamen
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