1. 1. Assessment of Residential Buildings Energy Consumption and Improvement
2. 2. ............................................................................ ............................................................................................1 1-1 .. 1 1-2 ....................................................................10 ...............................................................................12 2-1 .................................................................................13 2-2 eQUEST ...14 2-3 .................................................................14 ...................................................................19 3-1 ...................................................19 3-2 ...20
3. 3. Abstract According to the U.S. Energy Department survey in 2007, residential energy consumption accounted for 21.4% of the total annual energy consumption. The purposes of this study are to analyze the actual residential energy consumption through eQUEST software; and, collocating with building energy classification label of different countries, to understand more comprehensively the causes of continuously rise in global residential energy consumption and to explore the directions to improve. The study takes the Sung Shan public housing of Taiwan Taipei as the actual case for analysis. The building operation schedule is divided into two types, typical use and seasonal use, and the activity areas are allocated to residential bedroom, residential single family, as well as kitchen and food preparation. Apart from the air-conditioning system, power load is subdivided into interior lighting, auto refrigeration equipment, cooking and miscellaneous. The operation schedule of HVAC system is divided into three types, with 65kBtuh cooling capacity. From the simulation results of the annual electricity consumption, we recognize that air-conditioning power consumption from March to October is the highest monthly. And in six months throughout the year, electricity consumption for lighting occupies 1/3 of the monthly electricity consumption. Hence, improvements in energy conservation should proceed from air conditioning and lighting. Increase of the set temperature, the addition of high-frequency lamps and electronic ballast are possible solutions to increase energy efficiency. In addition, summing up the building energy efficiency standards of different countries such as the United States HERS, the Europe EPBD, the Germany EnEV 2007, etc., we can obtain the energy efficiency of Sung Shan public housing corresponding to the standards, and derive out suitable building energy-saving strategies for Taiwan.
4. 4. 1 1-1 2007 21.4% 2009 1-2 1-100 50
5. 5. 2 75 1-100 A-G 25 75 A A1 25 A2 25-50 A3 50-75 C D 130 kWh/m2 a
6. 6. 3 (ENERGY STAR)
7. 7. 4 71-86 2020 20% 40% Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) A G EPDB EPBD EN 15603 EN15603
8. 8. 5 EN15603 EN15217 EN15193-1 EN EP
9. 9. 6 E B EnEV 2007 Agentur GmbH (dena) EnEV KfW40 40kWh/m2 EnEV
10. 10. 7 100 70 70% EnEV 1972 500 250kWh/m2 a 222 kWh/m2 a
11. 11. 8 SAP SAP 1 100+1 100 2005 SAP L 80-100 SAP SAP 48 59 9 11 National Home Energy Rating, NHER
12. 12. 9 0.020.0 SAP NHER SAP NHER NHER SAP C D RdSAP Reduced Data SAP RdSAP NHER 0.0 10.0 RdSAP A G
13. 13. 10 RdSAP EPC ABC kW/m2 /yearA 102.9Kw/m2 /year()
14. 14. 11 2009 11 9 ABC
15. 15. 12 2-1 HVAC EER 2-2 eQUEST
16. 16. 13 eQUEST 2-3 894 T
17. 17. 14 10.7% 5 3
18. 18. 15 40.2%52.9% 6.9%
19. 19. 16 0.7W/SqFt 0.65W/SqFt 1.58 W/SqFt 1.0frac 0.3 W/SqFt 1.0 frac 1.0 frac
20. 20. 17 65kBtuh EER 9.24 78 8 12 13
21. 21. 18 HVAC
22. 22. 19 3-1 2-2 eQUEST
23. 23. 20 346.7 kWh/m 2 a E C 3-2 24% 0.7W/SpFt 0.532 W/SpFt eQUEST