The eCar Ireland ProjectIEEE VTS Workgroup

University College Cork

Senan McGrath

Chief Technology Officer, ESB ecars

Aug 30th 2011

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Irish Targets for 2020

• 10% of all Vehicles will be electric • Battery or PHEV

• 250k vehicles

• EU 2009 Climate Energy Package– 20% CO2 reduction on 1990 (15% of 2005 figure)

• EU Renewables Directives

– 10% of all road transport energy from renewable sources

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Ireland as a location for ecars

• Single electricity network company

• Government commitment

• High levels of wind generation

• Limited range between urban centres

• Ideal climate for batteries

• High levels of Single family dwellings

• Ireland is a leader in the IT sector

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www.esb.ie/ecars

EV Charging Market Models

Slide courtesy of Eurelectric

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www.esb.ie/ecars

eCar Ireland

• Early supply of electric cars

• Renault - Nissan;

Mitsubishi, PSA Peugeot

Citroen, Toyota

• Incentives

• ESB to provide national

charging infrastructure

• All electricity suppliers

facilitated for competitive

market for electricity to

charge vehicles

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www.esb.ie/ecars

National Roll out of Charging Infrastructure

1500 On Street Charge Points

• Dublin & County 500

• Cork 135

• Limerick 45

• Galway 45

• Waterford 45

At least one charging point for

every town with 1500+ population

30 Fast Chargers

• On all major inter urban route

• Every 60 km

2000 Domestic Chargers

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Charging Infrastructure

HOME / WORK PUBLIC FAST

6 – 8 hours

AC 1Φ 16A Mode 3

Type 2/ fixed cable

1 - 6 hours*

AC 3Φ 32A Mode 3

Type 2

80% in 20 minutes

DC 50kW

AC 3Φ 63A Mode 3

fixed cable (Future)

*Depending on car

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www.esb.ie/ecars

EU Commission Mandate M/ 468

• Mandate issued Jun 2010

• Report Jun 2011

• Develop/ Review standards to

• Ensure Interoperability and connectivity between

– Supply Point and on-board Car charger

– Off-board charger and Car

• Consider Any Smart Charging Issue

• Consider Safety Risks and electromagnetic compatibility with Directives (LVD and EMC)

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www.esb.ie/ecars

EVs Connector types (AC)

05/11

1 ф 32A

250Vac

Type 1 Type 2

from 1 ф 16A

250V to 3 ф

63A 480V

Type 3b

From 1 ф 16A

250V to 3 ф

63 A 480V

Shutters

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www.esb.ie/ecars

DC Fast Charger Connectors

SAE Combo Connector Chademo Connector

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www.esb.ie/ecars

DC Fast Charging• Japanese led Chademo Standard

– Launched Internationally Mar 2010

– European Steering Group Dec 2010

– ESB member from start and on European

Steering Group

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www.esb.ie/ecars

European Chademo Fast Chargers (Jul 2011)

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Technical Issues for Irish Charging Infrastructure

• Standardisation (EU mandated Cen/ Cenelec Focus Group)

• Earthing and Bonding (car has large exposed metal surface)

• Double-Headed 32A 3 ф Charging posts (2 x 22kW) at forefront

of Charging technology

– Type B RCDs

– Utility Grade Metering

– Communicate with Back office using specified Open Architecture

– Varying the power supplied using the PWM signal

– Under-frequency switching

• “Upstream” protection

– IP66 Vault, mini-pillar, in base of Charge post

• Earth Loop impedance test on a Type 2 socket installation.

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www.esb.ie/ecars

IT Target Requirements• Customer

– Intuitive, ease of use, complexity hidden from user

– Charge Point reservation, remote lock & unlock

– Stream data to other users (respecting privacy)

– Facilitate Apps creation by 3rd parties

• Commercial– Open access to all licenced energy suppliers

– Pre-pay, Post-pay and Anonymous Users

– Reconciliation with market systems

– Payments, Enquiries & Tariffs Portal

– Roaming on island of Ireland (2 currencies)

• Smart Charging (research now for future use)– Frequency response

– Interruptible Tariffs (virtual spinning reserve)

– Local Distribution management

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Initial Irish Leaf Owners

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Electric and Hybrids in ESB Fleet

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Other Electric Vehicles in Ireland

Celtic Linen Smiths Newton

(Avia 10.5 tonne GVW)

OPW Smiths Newton

(Avia 7.5 tonne GVW)

Grange Builders

Suppliers Smiths

Newton

Verde Autos Van

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www.esb.ie/ecars

eTaxi Project

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www.esb.ie/ecars

EV Charging Profile Project

• Technology Institute Project

• First test on Mitsubishi iMiev

• Plan to develop suite of profiles for

all EVs

• DC Fast Charger Profiles also to be

measuredEvent #80 at 09/02/2011 16:19:59.800

Timed

Average Power (kW) Timeplot from 09/02/2011 10:23:35 to 09/02/2011 16:42:55

Min Max Avg

AP(kW) 0.3348 2.676 2.500

11:0009/02/2011Wednesday

12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

kW

A P(kW) (avg)

Dran-View 6.9.01 HASP : 1268339432 (4B9952E8h)

Event #41 at 09/02/2011 10:29:59.800

Timed

Voltage & Current Waveforms at 09/02/2011 10:29:59.800

10:29:59.87

09/02/2011

Wednesday

10:29:59.88 10:29:59.89 10:29:59.90 10:29:59.91

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Volts

Vo

lta

ge

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Amps

Cu

rre

nt

Voltage Current

Dran-View 6.9.01 HASP : 1268339432 (4B9952E8h)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

x 104

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

Frequency content (up to 1000th harmonic) of the current waveform

Frequency (Hz)

Am

plit

ud

e (

dB

0)

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www.esb.ie/ecars

Other Project Partnerships

• 3 EU FP7 Projects

• Intel & ESB MoU (FP7)– Smart charging

• Interreg Project

• Eurelectric (Utilities)– EV Task Force

• EPRI (US) Smart Grids– EV on Distribution Network

• Northern Ireland Plugged-in-Places