ENTEROCOCCI

VIRULENCE

The ability of an agent of infection to produce disease

The virulence of a microorganism is a measure of the severity of the disease it causes.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

• Extreme versatility and adaptability of microorganisms

• Genetic mechanisms :->Affect cromosomal DNA -> addition of new material

(transduction, transformation or conjugation)

• Biochemical mechanisms:-> changes at the site of action of

antimicrobial->production of enzymes that modify

the drug->decreased uptake of antimicrobial

OBJETIVO

This study was designed to determine:

• Frequency• Antibiotic resistance• Virulence factor and genetic diversity of

enterococci

CEPAS BACTERIANAS

IDENTIFICACIÓN BACTERIANA

TEST DE SUSCEPTIBILIDAD ANTIBIOTICA

Suceptibilidad evalada para 11 antibioticos:

•Vancomicina, Teicoplanina, Ampicilina, Estreptomicina, Gentamicina• Trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, Cloranfenicol, Tetraciclina, Eritromicina• Ciprofloxacina y Pristinamicina

Método de difusión y de Dilución por el CLSI (clinical laboratory institute standards)

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE GENES RESISTENTES

Identificado por PCR con primers y condiciones previamente descritos

[erm(A), erm(B), erm(C)], tetracycline [tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), tet(S), tet(O)], aminoglycosides [aph(3)-IIIa, aac(6′)-aph(2″), ant(6)-Ia], pristinamycin [vat(D) and vat(E)], and chloramphenicol [cat(A)]

TIPIFICACIÓN GENETICA DE LAS MUESTRAS

Determinado por PFGE

Relación genética entre las cepas E. fecalisa resistentes a estreptomicina o gentamicina

ENZIMA DE RESTRICCIÓN: Smal

Resultados

• E. fecalis (41%)

• E. faecium (25%)

• E. hirae (10%)• E. gallinarum (10%)• E. casseliflavus (5%)• E. mundtii (5%)

• E. sulfureus (2%)

• E. durans (2%)

• Distribución de las

especies de enterococos

con resistencia antibiótica

• En carne de ave:

-E. faecalis 32 aislamientos

-E. faecium 17 aislamientos

- Otras 8 aislamientos

• En carne roja:

- E. faecalis 17 aislamientos

- E. faecium 17 aislamientos

-Otras 32 aislamientos

Cloranfenicol 4%

• Aislados resistentes a aminoglucoósidos se encontraron 15 de las aves de corral y 3 de carne. Esto refleja el uso de antibióticos en la crianza de aves de corral.

Conclusions

• Entericocci can be used in the food maduration processes, but also it can be used in to the enteric contamination, so its necessary to know what are the Enterococcus strains with beneficial characters.

• The politics in the animal husbrandy should be the same for all countries to have a better control of the food industry because this increase everyday and affects the poblation, in positive and negative aspects.

Conclusions

• There are many enterococcus strains that have antibiotic resistance, so if people consume them, these strains are going to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, and transfer the resistance determinants.

• The ability of the agent to cause damage to its host such as the virulence of the parasite host resistance to infection represent the net resltado physiological interactions.

ENTEROCOCCUS

VIRULENCIA

GELATINASA

HEMOLISINA

SUSTANCIAS DE AGREGACIÓN

RESISTENCIA

INTRÍNSECA

GENES EN CROMOSOMAS

ADQUIRIDA

AMINO-GLUCÓSIDOS DE ALTA CARGA

VANCOMICINA

Β-LACTÁMICOS

GRACIAS