Seminar: Snowmelt and Storm Events: Biogeochemical and Hydrological Responses
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Transcript of Seminar: Snowmelt and Storm Events: Biogeochemical and Hydrological Responses
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Seminar:Snowmelt and Storm Events:
Biogeochemical and Hydrological Responses
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Why study: Snowmelt and Storm Events
• Provide information on physical and chemical attributes of catchments
• Important contributor to discharge and biogeochemical fluxes
• Events can have a major influence on physical, chemical and biological attributes of surface waters.
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Storm Event Example
Inamdar, S., P., S. F. Christopher, and M. J. Mitchell. 2003. Export mechanisms for dissolved organic carbon and nitrate during summer storm events in a glaciated forested catchment in New York, USA. Hydrological Processes (In Press).
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540
634
Arbutus Lake
H-Flume
X580 m
Scale
0 0.5 km
Contour interval 30 m
X
X
570 m
630 m
748 m
634 m
G14S1
Peatland with groundwaterelevation well
Wetlands/Peatlands
StreamsGroundwater sampling well
S2
Instrumented hillslope with lysimeters & throughfall collectors
N
The Archer Creek catchment and instrumentation
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Arbutus Watershed
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cip
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dischargeprecip
(a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e)
Precipitation, streamflow, and solute concentrations for the Floyd storm events.
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soil reservoir
till reservoir
STAGE 1 STAGE 2
STAGE 3 STAGE 4
DOC
nitrate
discharge
soil reservoir
till reservoir
STAGE 1 STAGE 2
STAGE 3 STAGE 4
DOC
nitrate
discharge
DOC
nitrate
discharge
Perceptual model for NO3-
and DOC evolution considering water and solute contributions from deep and near-surface flow paths and spatial connectedness of saturated areas. Note: Arrow on the hydrograph (inset) indicates position of the stage during the event.
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Snowmelt Example
Piatek, K.B., M.J. Mitchell, S.R. Silva and C. Kendall. 2003. Sources of nitrate in
Adirondack surface water during dissimilar snowmelt events. (In review).
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Pre
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ay-1
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Time
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NO
3- (
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l L-1
)0
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To
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Al (
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l L-1
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02468
10D
OC
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ol C
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NO
3- (
mo
l L-1
)0
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To
tal A
l (m
ol L
-1)
02468
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C (
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l C L
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
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rge
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Terminology
• Changes in isotopic abundance are expressed as ratios of 15N/14N of sample to air or 18O/16O of sample to ocean water.
• Units: per mil (o/oo)
δδ1515NNxx = {[( = {[(1515N/N/1414N)N)xx / ( / (1515N/N/1414N)]N)]airair –1} * 1000 –1} * 1000
δδ1818OOxx = {[( = {[(1818O/O/1616O)O)xx / ( / (1818O/O/1616O)]O)]stdstd –1} * 1000 –1} * 1000
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Separation of nitrate sources using stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen
• Nitrate has different stable isotopic values.
• Atmospheric N-nitrate has 18-O values than N-nitrate derived from soil and ground waters.
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-10
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-10 0 10 20 30Delta 15N (o/oo)
De
lta
18O
(o/ o
o)
precipitation
Soil + groundwater
General trends of 18-O and 15-N values of nitrate
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-10
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-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Delta 15N (o/oo)
De
lta
18O
(o/ o
o)
2001
2002
precipitation
groundwater
Results of nitrate samples taken during snowmelt at Archer Creek Catchment, Huntington Forest
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Episodic Acidification
Mitchell, M.J. Episodic Acidification. In: Jay H. Lehr (ed). Encyclopedia of Water. John Wiley and Sons Publishing (In Press).
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Biscuit BrookCatskill MountainsNew York
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Goals of Seminar
• Increase understanding of biogeochemical and hydrological responses of snowmelt and storm events
• Exploration of literature on hydrology and biogeochemistry
• Develop skills for oral presentations and discussions
• Prepare for workshop to be held on Feb. 27, 2003 on “Snowmelt and Storm Events: Biogeochemical and Hydrological Responses”