Seminar Seven Introduction to Chemistry. Importance of Chemicals Chemicals are responsible for...
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Seminar SevenIntroduction to Chemistry
Importance of Chemicals
Chemicals are responsible for directing virtually all of our bodily functions.
It is important to understand the basic chemical reactions that occur in the body.
It is important to understand the basic concepts of biochemistry.
Atoms and their components
Protons Electrons Neutrons
Atom = a unit of matter that makes up a chemical element.
Terms
Nucleus= at the core of each atom
Atomic number = # of protons in nucleus of atom
Atomic mass = # of protons and neutrons combined.
Elements
An element is a substance that is composed of only one kind of atom.
Elements are represented by symbols. (i.e. periodic table) Do an internet search for the periodic table
Question?
Which elements are important to our bodies?
Which elements are important to our bodies? Carbon = C Nitrogen = N Oxygen = O Phosphorus = P Sodium = Na
Hydrogen = H Iodine = I Chlorine = Cl Calcium = Ca
From simple to complex
Elements = a pure substance
Molecules = a group of atoms bound together
Compound = substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom
Question?
What are the two different ways compounds are formed?
Bonding
Ionic bonding occurs when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Pg. 24
i.e. NaCL = sodium chloride
Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Pg. 25
i.e. H2
Bonding
ionic covalent
A question for you!
What is the primary difference between organic and inorganic compounds?
Answer !
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds.
[water and some acids, bases, and salts]
Organic compounds contain carbon and include carbon-carbon bonds and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds.
The human body has both types of compounds!
Inorganic compounds
Water Water is a solvent (liquid into which solutes
are dissolved), forming aqueous solutions in the body
Water is involved in chemical reactions Dehydration synthesis (water removed) Hydrolysis ( water added)
Inorganic compounds
Acids, bases, and salts Water molecules dissociate to form equal
amounts of H+ (hydrogen ion) and OH– (hydroxide ion)
Acid—substance that shifts the H+/OH– balance in favor of H+; opposite of base
Base—substance that shifts the H+/OH– balance against H+; also known as an alkaline; opposite of acid
Acid-Base Balance
pH
number that indicates the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a fluid
pH 7.0 = neutral higher than 7.0 = alkalinity less than 7.0 = acidity
7
Neutral
0 14
Acids Alkalines(Bases)
Normal Human Blood7.35-7.45
Normal Urine 6.0
Normal stomach acid1.0
pH levels
Zwieback 4.84 - 4.94 Watermelon 5.18 - 5.60 Orange, Juice Florida 3.30 - 4.15 Cranberry Juice, canned 2.30 - 2.52 Conch 7.52 - 8.40
Where on the scale would stomach acid be?
pH of vomit!
Why such a strong acid in stomach?
Organic Chemistry
More complex than inorganic!
Major types found in body: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
Questions?
Questions? Questions? Questions? Questions? Questions? Questions? Questions?