Carbon dioxide capture & storage(ccs)

Guided ByProf. Dr. Ajit Kumar Mishra

Presented byRakesh Roshan Pal

Regd. No.-1241018371Department of Mechanical Engineering

Institute of Technical Education & ResearchSOA University

27 November 2015

What is ccs ?

• CCS is a method used to capture that is produced via combustion of fossil

fuel and then store it away from the atmosphere for a long time.

• Once the carbon dioxide is captured, it can either be stored underground or

stored in the ocean.

• The focus of CCS is on power generation and industry sectors, mainly

because they emit such a large volume of carbon dioxide that the capture

and storage there will be the most beneficial.

Why do we care about CCS?

• Global warming , pollution

• CCS is an additional option for significantly cutting emission.

• To handle impurities other than in flue gas stream.

• CCS is a useful advanced technology.Carbon Dioxide (

Process plant

Capture

Transport (pipeline)

Storage in a depleted oil or gas field

Or in a saline aquifer

How to capture ?Generally there are three methods by which we can capture Post –Combustion process

Pre-Combustion capture process

Oxy-Combustion process

The above methods are generally used in power plants to

capture .

Pre-combustion capture• This process involves removal of from fuel before fuel is burned.• In case of coal we can transfer in to mixture of and hydrogen, which we

can use to use as a fuel for generation of electricity.• Advantage in this method is hydrogen is a very clean fuel and the only

byproduct is water.• But it has some draw backs , like parts of the process are energy-intensive

and we have to design an entirely new and quite complex power plant.

Oxy-fuel combustion capture• An oxy fuel station would burn coal in almost pure oxygen. Due to use of

excess oxygen proper combustion can takes place in side boiler so less co can generate

• Exhaust stream would consist of almost pure and water. Any remaining impurities are then removed and the is ready for transport and storage.

• One drawback is that separating oxygen from air is energy-intensive. For this we have to modify the boiler and it is costly.

• Another is that burning coal in pure oxygen results in very high temperatures too high for standard boilers. The solution to this problem is to pipe some of the exhaust gas back into the boiler, which moderates the combustion temperature.

Post-combustion capture • It removes NO,SO2 and other pollutants from flue gas. Generally this

process is after the combustion.• This is accomplished by running the exhaust gas through a special washing

solution that absorbs . The is then separated from the solution , which is recirculated into the scrubbing process , creating a continuous cycle.

• It can be retrofitted onto existing power stations or any other industrial process that emits lots of .

Carbon dioxide storage

Underground geological

storage.

Ocean storage.

Generally after capturing

co2 it is compressed and

shipped to ground or to

ocean.

Underground Geological storage

• Storage is possible in many different geological settings• Best areas to store is below “cap rocks”, low-permeability shale, since

they physically trap the carbon dioxide. For this the depth should be .8 to 1km.Stored in oil fields, gas fields, coal seams or saline formations.

• Also used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced coal bed methane recovery(ECBM)

• can be stored as gas or liquid. Later at it becomes denser and increases the space for utilisation by going down & forming salt water.

Direct injection

Dissolution Trapping

Mineral Trapping

Residual trapping

Ocean storage

stored in the ocean by:

• Direct injection.

• Dissolution of carbonate

materials.

• Production of a lake.

Direct injection:• The captured is compressed and injected deep in the ocean so it can dissolve in

the surrounding water and become part of the ocean carbon cycle.• Eventually the ocean and atmosphere will equilibrate causing the to be

dispersed back into the air, but that occurs on a very large time scale and therefore is not a serious drawback for ocean storage.

Dissolution of carbonate materials:• When ocean water receives an addition of , the acidity increases.To neutralize

this rise, natural dissolution of carbonate materials in the sea-floor occurs creating a balance.

• One proposed way is by adding alkaline minerals to the ocean; would increase the ocean carbon storage in both long and short term time scales.

Production of a lake:

• A lake is formed by taking the carbon dioxide so deep that it becomes a liquid form

that is denser than the sea water and settles near the ocean floor. The must be taken

down to around 3000 meters below the ocean surface for process to be possible.

Conclusions

Using the Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage method to

mitigate our climate change is a realistic and possible method. By

using this(CCS) technique we can control emission and control

global warming as well as pollution caused by coal fired thermal

power plants, oil refineries, iron & steel industry etc.

The only drawback in capture is costly and

inefficiency to plant.

References Opportunities and challenges in carbon dioxide capture by Brett P. Spigarelli *, S.

Komar Kawatra ,Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological

University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.

Carbon capture, storage and Utilisation technologies: A critical analysis and

comparison of their life cycle environ mental impacts Rosa M. Cue´ llar-Franca,

Adisa Azapaic School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The

University of Manchester, Room C16, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester

M13 9PL, UK

Sources from www.eon.com/ccs

THANK YOU