SEMINAR ON SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES POLICY AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AUGUST 7, 2004, KARACHI.

SEMINAR ON SEMINAR ON SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

POLICY AND COASTAL POLICY AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTRESOURCES MANAGEMENT

AUGUST 7, 2004, KARACHI

ROLE OF FISHER WOMENS IN ROLE OF FISHER WOMENS IN FISHERY INDUSTRY OF FISHERY INDUSTRY OF

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

PRESENTATION

BY

Tayyaba Ahmed

SEA AS A SOURCE OF FOOD

Wisdom of nature: 1/4th land & 3/4th water.

Many benefits & uses of seas and oceans: Most important being a source of food for humans.

SEA AS A SOURCE OF FOOD

Importance of sea food increasing day by day because of shortage of traditional grain food on the 1/4th part of the land on earth.

Those nation and countries of the world who have realized its importance are in the process of R&D to gain maximum benefit of the sea.

PRESENT SITUATION OF FISHERIES

Fisheries sector of Pakistan represents an important source of employment, income and foreign exchange earnings.

It contributes only 0.8% of total nation GDP and 3.7% of agriculture.


The major source of fish in Pakistan are the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Pakistan which extends upto 200 N.M and 8.5 million Hectares of Inland water.

About 26% of total production consumed locally, the rest in either exported of resources as fish meal, the supply of fish per capita is estimated to be 1.1kg/year.


Government of Pakistan is taking keen interest in the development of fisheries sector.

Enhancement of fish production, measures in exports earnings as well as domestic consumption of fish diversification of fishing efforts, utilization of the fishermen communities.

ROLE OF FISHERY INDUSTRY IN ROLE OF FISHERY INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTANTHE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN

Fisheries play an important role in national economy.

Provides employment to about 300,000 fishermen directly and 400,000 people in ancillary industries.

ROLE OF FISHERIES ROLE OF FISHERIES INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMY

OF PAKISTANOF PAKISTAN

Major source of export earning

Exports of fish and fishery products

2002 2003

US$ 126 million

US$ 135 million

FISH HARBOURS OF FISH HARBOURS OF PAKISTANPAKISTAN

Karachi Fisheries Harbour

Korangi Fish Harbour

Pasni Fish Harbour

Gawadar Fish Harbour

EXPORT OF FISHERIES EXPORT OF FISHERIES PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

Fish and fishery products are processed and Exported to over 50 countries.

50% of Fishery Products are exported to European Union Countries.

20% to USA, & remaining 30% to other Countries.

EXPORT OF FISHERIES EXPORT OF FISHERIES PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

Canada USA Denmark Japan Holland Norway

Iceland Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore Malaysia

NUMBER OF FISH WORKERS NUMBER OF FISH WORKERS ENGAGED IN FISHERIES ENGAGED IN FISHERIES

SECTORSECTOR

Fisheries sector in Pakistan provides employment to about 300,000 fishermen directly.

In addition, another 400,000 people are employed in ancillary industries

MAJOR FISHERFOLK MAJOR FISHERFOLK SETTLEMENTS/TOWN IN SETTLEMENTS/TOWN IN

SINDHSINDH Mubarak village Mauripur Hawks Bay Ibrahim Hyderi Rehri Village Salih Abad Bhit Island Baba Island

Shamas Pir. Kakka Village Kiamari Chasma Village Lath Basti Shah Bandar Keti Bunder Jaati Badin, etc.

CONCLUSION OF A CONCLUSION OF A WORKSHOP THATWORKSHOP THAT

“Without women in fisheries, no fish in the sea” was the conclusion of a workshop that was conducted by the women in fisheries programme of the international collective in support of fish workers in Senegal in 1996.

WORKING WOMEN IN FISH WORKING WOMEN IN FISH INDUSTRY OF THE WORLDINDUSTRY OF THE WORLD

According to an Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) report of 1996, more than 21 million people worldwide are engaged in fisheries sector.

90% are small scale operators.

95% live in developing countries.

WORKING WOMEN IN FISH WORKING WOMEN IN FISH INDUSTRY OF THE WORLDINDUSTRY OF THE WORLD

Coastal fisheries in the south and Southeast Asia alone employ around 6.7 million people directly.

Approximately 15 million if the processing sector is included.

50% are women. About 200

million people around the world depend on fisheries for an income.

SOCIAL STATUS OF FISHER SOCIAL STATUS OF FISHER WOMEN IN PAKISTANWOMEN IN PAKISTAN

Fisherfolk Society in Pakistan has remained liberal compared to the agriculture society of the Country.

All resources endowed by nature are considered community property.


The women distribute the harvests, and serve as virtual heads of their families.

There is no ‘veil system’ for women in fisherfolk society. The women have greater roles in family matters because the men usually spend most of their time in fishing.


Everyone, including the men, is identified by their mother, not their father.

Karachi –was also named after a woman, “Mai Kalochi”, who was the chieftain of a small fishing business & other trades in her village.


Presently, however, there are 2 diverse trends in the fisherfolk communities with regard to status of women. Among the traditional fisherfolk communities there is liberal thinking about women.

A large number of agriculture communities have also diverted their livelihood towards fisheries after the destruction of Agriculture sector because of the Indus Delta.

As such women are not only deprived of their basic rights and freedom but are also confined inside the 4 walls of the house in the name of morality and decency.



With the shift of this population towards fisheries livelihoods, they brought along their rigid traditions with regard to women in exclusion and continue to implement the veil system even with their transfer to the fisherfolk.

WORKING WOMEN IN WORKING WOMEN IN FISHERY INDUSTRY OF FISHERY INDUSTRY OF

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

About 10,000 Women Workers are associated with the Fisheries Industry and are employed in 30 Registered Processing Plants in Pakistan and more than 50 “Warrahs” ( being run by the contractors)


PAKISTANPAKISTAN

27 Processing Plants and more than 50 Warrahs are located in different Areas of Karachi Coast.

While 04 Processing Plants are in Gwadar and Pasni.


PAKISTANPAKISTAN 23 Plants : Fish Harbor,

West Wharf, Karachi.

02 Plants : S.I.T.E. Area Karachi.

02 Plants : Korangi Industrial Area

04 Plants : Gwadar & Pasni.

WORKING ENVIRONMENTWORKING ENVIRONMENT

Health of employees depends upon the environment of working place where they work. If environment of working place is clean and healthy then health of employees will also be good and if the working environment is unhealthy then the health of employees will not be good.


Women Workers peel/clean the ice covered shrimps, fish and crabs with their bare hands. Rubber boots, gloves or any such provisions are unheard of in there Processing Plants or “Warrahs”.

The fear of losing their job makes them hide their cuts and wounds from the employer.


Sitting constantly in an unchanged position for many hours causes trouble in the spinal column of these Women Workers. This group includes women of all ages, the youngest being of the age of 15 years. This problem can be fatal for Pregnant Women.


In Warrahs there in no protection from heat. At one hand these women workers are working in hot weather while at another hand they are handling with ice covered shrimps. Since these women are simultaneously exposed to hot and cold conditions, they are early susceptible to disease.


There is no proper Toilet facilities available in Warrahs. If a woman worker who starts her work in the morning say at about 4:00 am and keep sits peeling shrimps for 7-8 hours, sitting in a same position, needs such facilities there.


The floors of Warrahs always remain wet. Due to falling of shrimp’s wastage the floor looked like as grease has been rubbed on it. Thus making the floor slippery for women workers to work.


No Dispensary or First-Aid facilities are found in these Warrahs.

No hand washing facilities are provided at the work place in these Warrahs.


In some of the Warrah there is one toilet for 100 women workers and the condition of this toilets is deplorable and unhygienic.

There is no provision of gloves Apron/coat for these working women.

WORKING ENVIRONMENTWORKING ENVIRONMENTNo changing room to change into

working cloth, thus forcing working women to work in their daily wear.

Proper working tools are not provided to working women, thus hands and finger of these working women are injured.

No proper lighting system, which makes difficult to these women workers to work during night.


There is no proper drainage system in warrah, to drain out the filthy water of ice covered shrimps and other Sea food products.

There is no system of Garbage disposal of fish, shrimp, shells and crabs wastage.

WORKING HOURS / WORKING WORKING HOURS / WORKING DAYDAY

No fixed working hours are observed in these “Warrahs” and Women Workers are called in whenever the catch arrives, even if it is in the middle of the night, depriving them of a night’s break.


The shrimps perish fast and the peeling has to be done before noon each day. Thus, work for these women begins at 4am and ends finally at midday.

All days in a week are working

days depending upon the receipt and arrival of “catch” in these Warrahs. It could be Sunday or on any National Holidays.


During the season when maximum catch of sea food is brought in the “Warrahs” the women workers are forced to work for a continuous period of 14 to 15 hours.

OTHER ACTIVITIES OF OTHER ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN WORKERS IN WOMEN WORKERS IN

FISHERY SECTORFISHERY SECTOR• Drying of fish• Cleaning of fish• Fish meal plants • Fish meal• Powder solid to poultry form

• Processing of crabs• Peeling

shrimps• Grading • Sorting• Packing

OTHER ACTIVITIES OF OTHER ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN WORKERS IN WOMEN WORKERS IN

FISHERY SECTORFISHERY SECTOR

As of today a small number of Women Workers are involved in weaving nets, making fish baskets, etc as wage labourers.

HEALTH CONDITIONS OF HEALTH CONDITIONS OF FISHER WOMENSFISHER WOMENS

Due to un hygienic condition of Warrahs, the women workers may effected by following illness/ diseases:

Malaria Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis Skin Disease (coxcomb) Hepatitis-B Back Ache

ROLE OF FISHER WOMEN S IN ROLE OF FISHER WOMEN S IN THE DEVOLOPMENT OF THE DEVOLOPMENT OF FISHERIES OF PAKISTANFISHERIES OF PAKISTAN

In the past the women usually

accompanied the men in their family on fishing trips.

The fishermen would usually take the whole family to remote islands, where all of them would help in fishing as well as in cleaning and its drying.

ROLE OF FISHER WOMENS IN ROLE OF FISHER WOMENS IN THE FISHERIES OF PAKISTANTHE FISHERIES OF PAKISTANThe women would sell the fish in

the local and remote markets while the men continued fishing.

In some cases, when the men leave for major fishing voyages that last 10 to 20 days, the fisher women would continue fishing though at a smaller scale in the shallow waters of coast.

ROLE OF FISHER WOMENS IN ROLE OF FISHER WOMENS IN THE FISHERIES OF PAKISTANTHE FISHERIES OF PAKISTAN However, with the commercialization

of fisheries, expansion of fishing business into an industry and the influx of non-indigenous fishermen everywhere-from the deltaic creeks to the deep waters from coast- the women were slowly and gradually pushed out of fishing activities.

With the change in fishing practices, from the family to industrial fishing, role of women in family fishing has come almost to an end in Pakistan.

WOMEN IN NET MAKING WOMEN IN NET MAKING ACTIVITYACTIVITY

Fisherwomen were the main artisans of fishing nets and baskets in the sub-continent as well.

Different kinds of nets originated from Sindh and Balochistan but it was after 1977 that there was a sudden increase in the variety of nets.


When fisher women more or less retired from active fishing and focused more on the home, they lost a steady income.

The main source of income for fisher women has always been from making cotton –fishing nets, which gave them a stable and regular, if modest, income.


The earnings from net making depended on the complexity, strength and weight of the net. When nets were made exclusive of cotton thread, fisher women earned Rs. 5 to 10 per day.


After late 60’s, the process of Modernization, Mechanization and Globalization suddenly hit hard the indigenous cotton net-making profession of the fisherwomen,

pushing them from this profession in the same manner that they were pushed out from fishing.

WOMEN WORKERS IN FISH WOMEN WORKERS IN FISH PROCESSINGPROCESSING

Women Workers had been and are an integral part of the work force working in the Fishery Industry.

These Women Workers carry out all possible sort of work in their capacity.


With the commercialization and industrialization of Fishery Industry it no longer remains a family-based activity.

The Fisheries became “professionalized” with only men being recognized as Fishers and thereby restricting access of Women’s to the resource.


In areas where export agents took over the catches, Women Worker lost access to fish for sale and were turned into wage Labourers for sorting out and drying the fish for the exporters .

LOW WAGESLOW WAGES The wages of Women Workers in

Fisheries Industry are the Lowest.

Lowest even what has been allowed in the:

Minimum Wages Ordinance 1961, Payment of Wages Act,1936.

West Pakistan Minimum Wages for unskilled Workers Ordinance 1969.

LOW WAGESLOW WAGES One of the examples of poor

wages for Women Workers is that 12-16 kilograms peeled shrimp a day fetches them mere Rs. 40 – 60.

But despite all these harsh conditions, economic compulsions force them to work to support their families. Their economic condition has deteriorated and poverty has become endemic.

LOW WAGESLOW WAGES About 1 kg of shrimp is being peeled

by a women worker in an hour, more expert women peel even 1¼ to 1½ kilos of shrimp but this is not common.

Report name the “Case of Home based sub-contracted women in Pakistan”, if a woman or girl peels 11kgs of shrimp in a day then she earns Rs.88.

DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF WOMENWOMEN

30% working women are above 30 years.

60% working women are 20-30 years

10% working women/ girls are below 20 years.

DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF DEMOGRAPHIC STATUS OF WOMENWOMEN

Some women workers bring their young children, as a helper to earn maximum income in a day.

RESPONSIBILITY OF RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Government is responsible for making policies, inter-provincial coordination, planning, research, quality control, training, exploratory fishing, stock assessment, fisheries management, fleet improvement, data collection and export etc.


But in the case of Women Workers in Fisheries Industry of Pakistan, the Government has not persuaded any Policy or Programme to improve the socio-economic condition of Women Workers of Fisheries Industry.


The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan—the annual publication of Pakistan’s Marine Fisheries Department last published in 1998—for example, has no mention of women, even though it carries a full chapter on the fishermen population

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

The only and ever lasting solution to all the problem of Women Workers is the implementation of Labour Laws.

Awareness in the women workers about their right guaranted in Labour Law.

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONSImplementation of labour law

could only be made by having a Committee which may comprises of:

Local UC Councilors– Local Social Personality– Labour Inspector of the area– Member of NGO– Representative of area Police Station

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

It should be clearly brought into the notice of all exporters, Warrah Contractor that violation of Labour Law could be fatal to their business.

The hygienic conditions of the Warrahs be improved.

Medical facilities be provided in Warrahs and other women working areas.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

SEMINAR ON SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES POLICY AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AUGUST 7, 2004, KARACHI.

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Transcript of SEMINAR ON SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES POLICY AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AUGUST 7, 2004, KARACHI.