Building energy efficiency standards : towards Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB)
SEMINAR ON NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING (NZEB)
Transcript of SEMINAR ON NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING (NZEB)
Claude-Alain Roulet
Role of insulationand advanced products
SEMINAR ON NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING (NZEB)
© Claude-A. Roulet, Apples, 2013 1
INDO-SWISS BUILDING ENERGY
EFFICIENCY PROJECT (BEEP)
• Pilot Integrated Design Process (IDP)
Charrettes
• Building Insulation Material Testing
• Design Guidelines for energy-efficient
residential buildings
• Knowledge Management Activities
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2012-2016 project
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Main insulating material in buildings is
Motionless air• Fibers or cell walls reduce or stop air
movement
• Fibers and cell walls are opaque (or even
reflective) to thermal radiation
• Ideally, only air conduction remains
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Insulating materials
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Caractéristics of
insulating materials
Insula
ting
pow
er
Density
Fire
résis
tance
Wate
r vapour
diffu
sio
n
Resis
tance
to w
ate
r
Com
pre
ssio
n s
trength
Tra
citon
str
enght
He
atre
sis
tan
ce
Absorp
tion
of
vib
ration
s
Absorb
tion
of
aerialnois
e
Costa
tgiv
en
insula
tion
Gra
yenerg
y
Light mineral wool + - - ++ - - 0 - - - - + ++ € - -
Dense mineral wool ++ + ++ - - 0 0 - ++ ++ + € 0
Hemp fiber 0 - - 0 - - - - 0 - - 0 ++ € - -
Wood fibers 0 ++ 0 - - - - + - - + + ++ €€ -
Wood straw -cement - ++ + - - - - + 0 + 0 + €€ -
Cellulose flakes + - - 0 - - - - - - - 0 ++ € - -
Cork 0 ++ + + - + 0 ++ + - €€ - -
Glass foam 0 + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ - - - €€€ 0
Cellular concrete - - ++ ++ - - ++ + ++ - - - €€€ 0
PUR ++ - 0 - 0 + + ++ - - - € ++
EPS + - - + + 0 + + 0 - - - €€€ -
Graphited EPS ++ - - + + 0 + + 0 - - - € -
XPS ++ 0 + ++ + + ++ 0 - - - € +
Silica aerogel +++ - - + - - ++ - - - + ++ - - €€€€ + +
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Vacuum insulation
Stands atmospherique pressure (10 t/m²)
Supportingmaterial
Airtightpackage
Getter, or dessiccant
Avoid air and other gases to enter in the material
Keeps the vacuum despite outgassing
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Pressure and thermal
conductivity
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
[mW
/(m
·K)]
Pressure [mBar]
Fibre verre
PSEx
PUR
Nanogel
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Vacuum insulation
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11www.mtsc.unt.edu/faculty/reidy/materials_synt© Claude-A. Roulet, Apples, 2013
Silica nanogel
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http://www.boingboing.net/200602061740.jpg
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Thin reflective thermal insulation
Beware of scammers!
Energy Efficiency and Comfort
• Indoor environment quality in buildings is
the first requirement.
• Switching off everything is not the
appropriate way to get Zero-Energy
Buildings!
• Therefore, the definition of comfort is the
base of the design.
• Comfort rules shall be adapted to local
habits and climate
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What is comfort?
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Thermal comfort models
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21
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25
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5 10 15 20 25 30
Op
era
tive i
nd
oo
r te
mp
era
ture
Mean outdoor air temperature
EN 15215
ISO 7730
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Agreed thermal comfort limits
20
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25
26
27
28
29
30
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Op
era
tive i
nd
oo
r te
mp
era
ture
48 h running mean outdoor air temperature© Claude-A. Roulet, Apples, 2013 18
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Adaptation to environment
• Adaptation to climate
– The building should be, with all systems off,
at least as comfortable as outdoors
• Special for NZEB
– Reduce needs
– Reduce energy needs as low as possible
– Thermal insulation may be one way to reduce
energy need for heating and cooling.
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Hot-dry
Warm-humid
Composite
Temperate
Cold
Climate zones in
India
National Building Code 2005, part 8, fig. 2
Simulations to check
consequences
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Objective for “cold” climate:
avoiding heating
Outdoor air in Shrinagar Office room, not insulated
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Insulation in “cold” climate
Office room, insulated Super-insulated
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In warm-dry climate:
avoid cooling
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Insulated,
with passive cooling
Mumbai standard
ventilation strategy
In hot climate:
reduce cooling load
Isolated facadeNot insulated, heavy
facade,
361 kWh/m² 307 kWh/m²
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Dynamic resistance
Outdoors
Indoors
Roof insulation
• Heavy deck with extrernal insulation about
5 cm thick.
• Shaded heavy deck or ventilated double
deck
• If lightweight: thick insulation (20 cm)
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Conclusions:
• In cold climates, strong thermal insulation is
a prerequisite for NZEB.
• In temperate climates, no energy is needed
for heating or cooling, as long as a good
bioclimatic design is performed. This may
need thermal insulation.
• In warm climates, thermal insulation may
help in reducing the energy use for cooling,
but solar protections and air tightness have
as much influence.
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