Seminar Final 11

8/3/2019 Seminar Final 11

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Optical ComputingOptical Computing

KinjalkKinjalk VermaVerma 399399

VaibhavVaibhav NarulaNarula 357357

Sumit Kothari 342Sumit Kothari 342OmkarOmkar ShenoyShenoy 388388

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Optical computingOptical computing Vs.Vs. electronic computing.electronic computing.

OpticalOptical hardware and componentshardware and components

Working of OWorking of Opticalptical computercomputer

AdvantagesAdvantages ofof OpticalOptical computercomputer

ExpectedExpected futurefuture

LimitingLimiting factorsfactors

Current researchCurrent research

ConclusionConclusion

Overview:Overview:


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Use VLSI technology.Use VLSI technology.

Electronic circuits, wiring required.Electronic circuits, wiring required.

Calculations done using electron transfer.Calculations done using electron transfer.

Bulky and space consumingBulky and space consuming

Bandwidth inBandwidth in GhzGhz

Traditional ComputingTraditional Computing


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Traditional ComputerTraditional Computer


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Free from all internal wiring.Free from all internal wiring.

No insulators required.No insulators required.

Use of infrared beams instead of current.Use of infrared beams instead of current.Holographic Memory.Holographic Memory.

Less bulky.Less bulky.

Bandwidth in THz.Bandwidth in THz.

Optical ComputingOptical Computing


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Optical ComputerOptical Computer


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Optical Computers ElectronicOptical Computers Electronic

ComputersComputers

Smaller Big in sizeSmaller Big in size

Less in weight More in weightLess in weight More in weight

Bandwidth inBandwidth in thzthz Bandwidth inBandwidth in ghzghz

Photons needed for signal Electrons needed forPhotons needed for signal Electrons needed for

signalsignal

Optical Computers vs. ElectronicOptical Computers vs. Electronic

computers:computers:


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No wiring required, resulting in fasterNo wiring required, resulting in faster

computing.computing.

Optics have a higher bandwidth capacityOptics have a higher bandwidth capacity

than electronics.than electronics.

Free from electrical shot circuits andFree from electrical shot circuits and

electromagnetic interference.electromagnetic interference.

Higher parallelism, and low lossHigher parallelism, and low losstransmissiontransmission

Cost efficientCost efficient

Why Optical Computing?Why Optical Computing?


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Optical processorOptical processor

HolographicHolographic MemoryMemory

OpticalOptical NetworkingNetworking

InputInput--OutputOutput DevicesDevices

Hardware of an Optical ComputerHardware of an Optical Computer


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The most important part of Optical ComputingThe most important part of Optical Computing

The processor is expected to perform 8 trillionThe processor is expected to perform 8 trillion

operations per second equivalent to theoperations per second equivalent to the

Supercomputer.Supercomputer.

1000 times faster than the normal processors1000 times faster than the normal processors

All this by usingAll this by using uptoupto 256 lasers computing at256 lasers computing at

lighting speedslighting speeds

Optical ProcessorOptical Processor


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A way to guide the lightA way to guide the light

RouteRoute itit

SplitSplit itit

Couple itCouple it

GetGet it in and out of the chip efficientlyit in and out of the chip efficiently

AA way to modulate the data, to encodeway to modulate the data, to encode

optical bitsoptical bits

Basic functions:Basic functions:


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LensletLenslet


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LensletLenslet ltd,anltd,an IIsaraelisaraeli company recently launchedcompany recently launchedworlds first optical processorworlds first optical processor

SpeedSpeed of 8of 8 TeraTera (8,000 Giga) operations per(8,000 Giga) operations persecond.second.


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Till now there is no definiteTill now there is no definite

architecture of optical processor.architecture of optical processor.Lots of research is in progressLots of research is in progress

But many proposed models are thereBut many proposed models are there

LikeLike LensletLenslet LtdLtd

Architecture of Optical processor:Architecture of Optical processor:


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Consists of three elementsConsists of three elements::

1.1. Vector matrix multiplier (VMMVector matrix multiplier (VMM) : It perform its ultra) : It perform its ultra

fast vector matrix operationsfast vector matrix operations

2.2. Vector processor unit (VPU)Vector processor unit (VPU) : Vector processing: Vector processing

unit, it handles 8000 gigs operations per secondunit, it handles 8000 gigs operations per second

3.3. Standard DSPStandard DSP : for control and scaling purposes: for control and scaling purposes

Model byModel by LensletLenslet ltdltd


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Speed comparisons between Optical Processor Vs. NormalSpeed comparisons between Optical Processor Vs. Normalprocessor to copy a 4processor to copy a 4 gbgb moviemovie highdefhighdef movie.movie.

The graph below shows time in seconds(small the better)The graph below shows time in seconds(small the better)

ComparisionComparision::

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Optical Processor Normal Processor


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Speeds are equal to super computerSpeeds are equal to super computer

Heats generated is reduced by a hugeHeats generated is reduced by a huge

marginmargin

Made up of mainly organic stuffMade up of mainly organic stuff

Ultra consumption of electricity asUltra consumption of electricity as

compare to the speed theyre providingcompare to the speed theyre providing

Advantages Optical processor:Advantages Optical processor:


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It is essentially a 3It is essentially a 3--D memory storage deviceD memory storage device

Holographic data storage records informationHolographic data storage records information

throughout the volume of the mediumthroughout the volume of the medium

It is capable of recording multiple images in theIt is capable of recording multiple images in the

same area utilizing light at different angles.same area utilizing light at different angles.It is capable of recording and reading millions of bitsIt is capable of recording and reading millions of bits

in parallel, enabling super fast data transfer.in parallel, enabling super fast data transfer.

Possibility of storing 1 TB of data in a sugarPossibility of storing 1 TB of data in a sugar--cubecube--

sized crystalsized crystal..All types of Cds and DVDs are part of HolographicAll types of Cds and DVDs are part of Holographic

memorymemory

Holographic memory:Holographic memory:


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Information is transmitted entirely in the form of optical orInformation is transmitted entirely in the form of optical or

infrared transmission signals.infrared transmission signals.

Advantages over Electronic networks:Advantages over Electronic networks:

Increased bandwidth provided by photon signals.Increased bandwidth provided by photon signals.

WaveWave--division multiplexing (WDM).division multiplexing (WDM).

Shorter data transmission delay times.Shorter data transmission delay times. Faster EndFaster End--toto--End data transfer.End data transfer.

Optical NetworkingOptical Networking


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Core, cladding, buffer.Core, cladding, buffer.

Step Index MultimodeStep Index Multimode

Graded Index Multimode.Graded Index Multimode.

Single Mode.Single Mode.

Use of optical fiber for networking:Use of optical fiber for networking:


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OpticalOptical MouseMouse

Led and photodiodes.Led and photodiodes.

Surface Independent.Surface Independent.

Camera for snapshot pictures.Camera for snapshot pictures.

OpticalOptical Keyboard:Keyboard:

Surface independent.Surface independent.

Finger moments into keystrokes.Finger moments into keystrokes.

OptoOpto--electronic Circuits.electronic Circuits.

Input Output DevicesInput Output Devices


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Detect Vibration of membrane using light.Detect Vibration of membrane using light.

LED with reflecting spot.LED with reflecting spot.

GlassF

ibers.GlassF

ibers.PhotoPhoto detectordetector..

Optical MicrophoneOptical Microphone


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Higher Performance.Higher Performance.

Higher Parallelism.Higher Parallelism.

Less Power Consumption.Less Power Consumption.

Less Noise.Less Noise.

Negligible Loss in Communication.Negligible Loss in Communication.

Highly flexible atHighly flexible at LayoutLayout

Advantages of opticalAdvantages of optical

computing:computing:


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Optics powered CellOptics powered Cell PhonesPhonesOptical fibersOptical fibers

Optical computing!Optical computing!

ExpectedF

uture:ExpectedF

uture:


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Optical components and their productionOptical components and their production

is still expensive.is still expensive.

Optical components are not miniaturizedOptical components are not miniaturizedenough yet.enough yet.

Incompatibility.Incompatibility.

New expensive highNew expensive high--tech factories have totech factories have tobe built.be built.

Limiting factors:Limiting factors:--


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Hence we would like to conclude by saying that, opticalHence we would like to conclude by saying that, opticalcomputing is the future of computers.computing is the future of computers.

With the advancement of technology day by day, opticalWith the advancement of technology day by day, optical

computing is one of the many solutions tocomputing is one of the many solutions to fulfilfulfil the needs ofthe needs of

mankind!mankind!

ConclusionsConclusions


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Huge amount of research is done byHuge amount of research is done byIBM and IntelIBM and Intel

Current ResearchCurrent Research


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Thank youThank you

Seminar Final 11

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