Michefall2013catalog 130719170659-phpapp01-130722110728-phpapp01
Semesterprojmtb 101208080128-phpapp01
Transcript of Semesterprojmtb 101208080128-phpapp01
Michael Butz
Honors Spanish 2
Grammar Book
Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Expressions Pretérito Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Snakes and Snakeys Commands DOP’s Irregular TV Dishes IOP’s Se Impersonal
Past Participles as adjectives
El futuro and ir+a+infinitive
Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Imperfect Tense +
irregualrs Los Mandatos Informal + irregulars Formal + Irregulars DOP + IOP Placement Modal Verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer
SER-(Permanent)
DescriptionsOriginCharacteristicsTimeOccupationRelationships
PossessionsEventsDates
(Qué es?)
(De donde es?)
(Como es?)
(Qué hora es?)
(Qué Hace?)
(Quien es?)
(De quien es?)
(Cuando/ Donde es?)
(Qué dia es hoy? Cual es la fecha hoy? Cuandoes tu cumpleanos?)
Ser O Estar
Questions
Estar-(Temporary)
HealthEmotionsLocationsPresent
condition
I Ar- Ando
N Er/Ir-
EndoG -Yendo
(Como Estas? Bien/Mal)
(Como Estas? Enojado)
(Donde Estas?)(Como Está?)
{Qué estas
haciendo?}
Ser O Estar Cont…
Questions
PronounsMe gusta(n)
Te falta(n)
Le duele(n)
Nos fascina(n)
Les molesta(n)
Gustar- To likeFaltar- To failDoler(ue)- To hurtFascinar- To be
fascinatedMolestar- To bother
“N” attached to the word when it is plural
Verbs Like Gustar
Verbs
Hacer Expressions include verbs that are in present and past tenses.
Present Tense » Since & For
Pretérit Tense » Ago
Hacer Expressions
Hablar Comer Escribir
Yo Hable Comi Escribi
Tu Hablaste Comiste Escribiste
El/ Ella/ Usted
Hablo Comio Escribio
Nosotros(as)
Hablamos Comimos Escribimos
Ellos/ Ellas/
Ustedes
Hablaron Comieron Escribieron
El Pretérito*Definite time in the past with beginning or ending*
Trigger words are words that come before a preterit verb.
Ex: Ayer-(yesterday), Anteayer-(the day before yesterday), A las ocho-(at eight o’clock), El lunes pasado-(last Monday), Etoneces-(tonight), Desde el primer momento-(from the first moment), Hace dos dias-(two days ago)
Trigger Words
Tocar(To Take)
Jugar(To Play)
Comenzar
(To Begin)
Yo Toqué Jugué Comencé
Tu Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
El/ Ella/ Usted
Tocó Jugó Comenzó
Nosotros(as)
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Ellos/ Ellas/
Ustedes
Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron
Irregular Verbs (Pretérito)Car Gar Zar
Hacer- Hice Ir y Ser- Fui Hiciste Fuiste Hizo Fue Hicimos Fuimos Hicieron Fueron
Dar y Ver- (same ending)Dar- Di Ver- Vi
Diste Viste Dio Vio Dimos Vimos Dieron Vieron
Spock Verbs
Andar Anduv- é-Yo Estar Estuv- iste-Tu Poder Pud- ó-el/ella Poner Pus- imos-nos Querer Quis- isties-vos Saber Sup- ieron-ellos/ellas Tener Tuv- Vener Vin- Conducir Conduj- Producir Produj- Traducir Traduj- Decir Dij- < drop “I” on the the endings Traer Traj- < drop “I” on the the endings
Cucaracha Verbs
Snakes- Preterite Irregulars
Dormir- Stem change in 3rd person
Dormi Dormimos Dormiste Dormsteis Durmió Durmieron
Leer- i to y in 3rd person
Leí leímos Leíste leístes Leyo leyeron
Snakes and Snakeys
Snakeys
Process Change to yo form and add opposite vowel Add DOP Precedes conjugated verb
Attaches to verb when Infinitive Affirmative command Gerund
EX: I ate the apple. Comí una manzana. I ate it. La comí.
Regular Commands
Direct object pronounsQuestion: What receives the action of the verb?
Pronouns: Me Nos te Lo/los, la/las Se
Ex: Eat it. Lo comí.
DOP’s
Tengo T-tenga Irregulars commands are Venir V- venga verbs that conjugate
differentlyDar D- de that the other command
verbs.Ir I- vayaSer S- seaHacer H- hagaEstar E- estéSaber S- sepa
TV Dishes and Irregulars
Indirect object pronouns Question: To whom or for whom receives the verb?
Pronouns: Me nos Te os Le(se) les(se)
Ex: She gave it to me. Me lo dió.
IOP’s
“Se” is a word that avoids specific ownership of something.
“Se” is always used in the third person.
Ex: Se compra una manzana.“Se” can be used in all tenses.Ex: Se hizó mucho.Se hará mucho.Se había hecho.
Se impersonal
Past Participles as Adjectives
Ex: El pollo comido.Or
Ex: La manzana comida.
They agree with the nouns in gender and number. Add “ado” to the end of “ar” verbs and add “ido” to the end of “ir” and “er”verbs.
El Futuro IR+A+InfinitiveIn the future tense
instead of conjugating the infinitive you and the conjugation onto the infinitive .
Yo- Infinitive + éTú- Infinitive + ásEl- Infinitive + áNosotros- Infinitive +
emosEllos- Infinitive + án
Add the conjugated version of the ir that agrees with the sentence. Then add “a” and last add the infinitive of the verb in the sentence.
María y Juan estudian hoy.
Ex: Mañana ellos van a estudiar.
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Plural Estes/estas (these) Eses/Esas (those) Aquels/Aquellas (those over there)
The pronouns point something out. They must agree in number and gender. To make a pronoun add an accent over the “e” .
Singular Este/esta(this) Ese/Esa (that) Aquel/Aquella (that over there)
Imperfect Tense They are used to show actions that are in
progress.
aba, abas, ábamos, abais, aban.
Ar verbsíaías íaíamos,íais,ían
Ir and Er Verbs
Irregularpensar (to think) jugar(to play)Pienso pensamos juego jugamosPiensas juegasPiensa piensan juega juegansentir (to feel) dormir(to sleep)Siento sentimos duermo dormimosSientes duermesSiente sienten duerme duermenservir (to serve) SirvoservimosSirvesSirvesirven
Los Mandatos Informal
irregulars
AFFIRMATIVE
Di (decir)
Haz (hacer)
Ve (ir)
Pon (poner)
Sal (salir)
Sé (ser)
Ten (tener)
Ven (venir)
Formal irregular
AffirmativePut into the tu formDrop the “s”
NegativePut into the yoChange to the opposite
vowelAdd an “s”
•NEGATIVE
•Tengas
(tener)
•Vengas
(venir)
•Dés, digas
(dar, decir)
•Vayas (ir)
•Seas (ser)
•Hagas
(hacer)
•Estés (estar)
•Sepas
(saber)
DOP and IOP PlacementAttach on to the end of a infinitive.Place in front of the conjugated verb.Estar+ -ing verb phraseAttach to the end of the –ing phrase and add
an accent.The pronoun can attach to the end of an
affirmative phrase.The pronoun cannot attach to the end of a
negative phrase.
• Singular Lo• Plural Los
Masculine
• Singular La• Plural Las
Feminine
Ir+ a+ Infinitive (going to do something)Poder + Infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer + Infinitive (Want to do something)Deber+ Infinitive (Should do something)
Tener que + infinitive (To have to do something)
Modal VerbsPairing and conjugating the modal verbs give them new meaning.
• Me (Yo)• Te (Tú) • Se
(él,ella,Ud.)• Nos
(Nosatros)
• Os (Vosotros)
• Se (Ellos, Ellas, Uds.)
ReflexivesReflexive pronouns can be: • in front of the conjugated verb• attached to the infinitive (When attached you must add an accent over- • attached to the present participle -the correct syllable)• attached to an affirmative command
Saber ConocerSaber used as
factual infoI know how to play
cardsYo se jugar a las
cartas.(activity)
Conocer is used to know people or be familiar with places.
Martin knows the city very well
Martina conoce la ciudad muy bien. (place)