SEMESTER VI - apahc.co.in · 1. Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous perennials...

SEMESTER VI

PSM 302 Production Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops (1 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge on production technology of medicinal and aromatic plants.

Theory

Unit I Introduction to medicinal crops

Scope and importance – global and national scenario - area and production - imports

and exports - conservation strategies - classification of medicinal plants - organized

production- GAP, GMP guidelines, contract farming - institutions for promotion of

medicinal plants- constraints and challenges.

Unit II Major medicinal crops

Crops: Senna, periwinkle, glorylily, ashwagandha, medicinal coleus, aloe, long

pepper, isabgol and Phyllanthus

Composition and uses - soil and climate - varieties - propagation - nursery practices -

planting methods - nutrient management- irrigation - intercropping - harvest and yield -

post harvest management

Unit III Minor medicinal crops

Crops: Opium poppy, medicinal solanum, medicinal dioscorea, sarpagantha, sweet

flag, Centella, bhrami, Stevia and noni.

Composition and uses - soil and climate - varieties - propagation - nursery practices -

planting methods - nutrient management- irrigation- intercropping - harvest and yield - post

harvest management

Unit IV Introduction to aromatic crops

Scope and importance – global and national scenario - area and production -

imports and exports of essential oil - international standards for perfumes – classification of

essential oils - methods of distillation of essential oil –aromatherapy.

Unit V Aromatic crops

Crops: Ocimum, davana, mint, lemon grass, citronella, palmarosa, vetiver, geranium,

patchouli, rosemary and eucalyptus.

Composition and uses - soil and climate - varieties – propagation – nursery practices

- planting methods - nutrient management- irrigation- intercropping – harvest and yield –

post harvest management

Practical

Identification – major medicinal crops – aromatic crops – study of varieties – species

– propagation – senna – periwinkle – ashwagandha – glory lily – medicinal coleus – aloe –

vallarai – sweet flag- mint-rosemary – ocimum – davana – use of media – growth regulators

– rooting of long pepper – seed treatment techniques – noni – benefit cost ratio – medicinal

coleus – glory lily – ocimum- davana-extraction of medicinal products – distillation of

essential oil – visit to commercial medicinal and aromatic plantations.

Lecture schedule

1. Scope and importance - current status – medicinal plant wealth of India and states – area and production- exports and imports- demand of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in AYUSH- opportunities, challenges and constraints in medicinal plants

2. Conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants-strategies and methods-classification system in medicinal plants based on family, habit, climate, soil and ecological conditions

3. Promotional organizations involved in medicinal plants production - policies, guidelines-organized production of medicinal crops- contract farming- GAP, GMP in medicinal plants

4. Soil and climate – varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – nutrient management- irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield of senna and periwinkle and glory lily

5. Soil and climate – varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield- post harvest management of aswagandha, medicinal coleus and aloe

6. Soil and climate –varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield -post harvest management of long pepper, isabgol and Phyllanthus

7. Soil and climate –varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield -post harvest management of opium poppy, medicinal solanum, medicinal dioscorea and sarpagandha.

8. Soil and climate –varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield -post harvest management of sweetflag, Centella, brahmi, Steviaand noni

9. Mid semester examination

10. Importance and scope- current status on area and production of aromatic crops- Exports and imports of essential oil - demand of aromatic crops in perfumery and cosmetic industries – classification of essential oils

11. Soil and climate –varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield - post harvest management of Ocimum, davana and mint

12. Soil and climate –varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield- post harvest management of lemon grass, citronella, palmarosa and vetiver.

13. Soil and climate – varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest and yield -post harvest management of geranium, patchouli and rosemary

14. Soil and climate –varieties – propagation – nursery practices – planting methods – manuring, irrigation and intercropping – harvest, coppicing and yield of eucalyptus

15. Methods for extraction of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants

16. Methods of distillation of essential oil from aromatic plants

17. Quality standards in medicinal and aromatic plants -aromatherapy and use of essential oil in various ailments

Practical

1. Identification of major medicinal crops – parts used and their products

2. Identification of major aromatic crops- essential oil content

3. Study of varieties, propagation techniques of senna and periwinkle

4. Study of varieties, propagation techniques of ashwagandha

5. Study on propagation, pollination, standards in glory lily

6. Study of propagation techniques of medicinal coleus and aloe

7. Study of varieties, propagation techniques of Centella and sweet flag

8. Study of propagation techniques, use of media, growth regulators for rooting of long pepper.

9. Study of seed treatment techniques for enhancing germination of noni

10. Study of species, propagation techniques of mint and rosemary

11. Study of species, propagation techniques of Ocimumand davana

12. Working out the benefit cost ratio for medicinal coleus and glory lily

13. Working out the benefit cost ratio for Ocimumand davana

14. Extraction of medicinal products using Soxhlet apparatus

15. Distillation of essential oil from aromatic crops using Clevenger apparatus

16. Visit to commercial medicinal and aromatic plantation

17. Practical examination

REFERENCES

Text Books

1. Atal. C. K. and B. M. Kapur. 1992. Cultivation and utilization of medicinal plants RRL. CSIR, Jammu Tawi.

2. Chadha, K.L.1994. Advances in Horticulture, Vol.10.Melhotra Publishing house, New Delhi.

3. Farooqi, M. M. Khan and M. Vasundhara. 2004. Production technology of medicinal and aromatic crops. Publ. Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore – 561229.

Further reading

1. Abdul Kareem, M. 2002. Plants in Ayurveda, FRLHT, Bangalore, Business Press, New Delhi.

2. Bose, T.K., Yadav, L.P., Pal. P., Das. P.,andParthasarathy, V.A., (2002) Commercial Flowers. Vol.1, NayaPrakash, Calcutta.

3. Kumar, N. Md. Abdul Khader, JBM, Rangasamy, P. and I. Irulappan. 1998. Introduction to Spices, Plantation crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Oxford IBH Publishers, New Delhi.

4. Raychaudhuri, S. P. 1998. Recent advances in medicinal, aromatic and spice crops. VoI.I and Vol. II. Today and Tomorrow’s printer and Publishers, New Delhi.

Journals

1. Amruth

2. Journal of medicinal and aromatic plants

3. Journal of Indian Perfumer

Web- resources

1. www.herbs.org

2. http://www.intuxford.tripod.com

3. www.nmpb.nic.in

4. www.agrobiosindia.com

5. www.frlht.india.org

6. www.traffic.org.

7. http://www.pubmed.com

http://www.theflowerexport.com/

http://www.intuxford.tripod.com/

http://www.pubmed.com/

PSM 303 Internship In Plantation And Hillhorticultural Crops (0 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge on production and processing technology in tea and coffee

Practical

Plantation training in tea at UPASI,The Nilgris and training on temperate

horticultural crops at Ooty. Training in coffee and other subtropical horticultural crops at

Horticultural Research Station, Thadiyankudisai / Yercaud – visit to estates, factories,

auction centres and blending units. Project preparation for the establishment of estates (14

days).

Practical schedule

Tea training at UPASI, Coonoor (7 days)

1. Jungle clearing, lay out and planting of tea and shade tree seedlings and identification

of different varieties of tea

2. Practice in nursery management of tea, application of fertilizers, identification of

nutrient deficiencies, foliar feeding of nutrients, mulching and weed management in

tea.

3. Practice in training and pruning, rejuvenation, replanting and shade management in

tea.

4. Identification of pests and diseases and their management in tea, practice in tea

plucking and organic tea production.

5. Estate management, budgeting, preparation of project for establishment of tea estates

and visit to various estates in the Nilgiris located at different altitudes.

6. Hands on training on hill fruit crops at Pomological Station, Coonoor.

7. Hands on training on temperate horticultural crops at Horticultural Research Station,

Ooty.

Coffee training at HRS, Thadiyankudisai /HRS, Yercaud (7 days)

1. Jungle clearing, lay out and planting of coffee and shade trees and identification of different varieties.

2. Practice in nursery management, fertilizer application, identification of different nutrient deficiencies and weed control.

3. Practice in shade regulation, training and pruning, identification of pest and diseases and their management.

4. Practice in harvesting, processing and grading. 5. Visit to different coffee estates, curing units, auction centres, coffee boards and

markets. 6. Estate management, finance management, preparation of projects for establishment of

coffee estates 7. Training in the horticulture production technique in other hill horticultural crops

8. Practical examination.

FLG 302 Ornamental Gardening, Landscaping and Turf Management (2 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge on ornamental gardening, landscaping and turf management

Theory

Unit I Introduction to gardening

Scope and importance of gardening - historical background - gardens in India -

definition, principles and concepts of landscape gardening - styles and types of gardens -

Hindu, Moghul, English, Italian, Persian and Japanese gardens - bio-aesthetic planning -

ornamental landscaping in environmental protection.

Unit II Garden components

Garden components and adornments - importance and designing - plant and non-

plant components - rosary, topiary, trophy, rockery, pond, sunken garden, flower beds,

arboretum, conservatory, roads, walks, paths, edges, hedges, carpet garden, arch, pergola,

arbour, fountains, cascades, garden seats, statues, hanging baskets, trellies, ornamental

vases, ornamental urns and window boxes.

Unit III Ornamental plants and designing tools for landscaping

Foliage and flowering plants - design - values in landscaping - ornamental annuals -

herbaceous perennials -shrubs - trees and burlapping - climbers and creepers - palms - ferns-

cacti and succulents- landscape architecture - planning and management of natural and built

environments- Computer Aided Design (CAD) - Geographical Information System (GIS) -

landscape planning - home garden, public, urban and industrial gardens - avenue planting.

Unit IV Special types of garden

Principles and design - dish, terrarium, bottle garden, roof garden, green walls, water

and bog garden, traffic islands - terrace garden, rock garden, vertical garden -

interiorscaping

Unit V Turf management

Scope and importance - turf grasses - species and types - selection of site - media and

field preparation - types of lawn making - turf establishment and management for golf

ground, cricket pitch and football field - renovation of lawns - astroturf and management.

Practical

Identification and description of annuals - herbaceous perennials - shrubs –trees -

climbers and creepers - palms and ferns - cacti and succulents - software tools in landscape

architecture - landscape with CAD - planning and designing of garden components - special

types of gardens - avenue planting - site design creation - urban and rural planting - bonsai

making - turf management - visit to botanic, institutional, industrial and public gardens -

preparation of projects for institutional and public landscaping.

Lecture schedule

1. History, development, scope and importance of landscape gardening

2. Definition and basic principles of landscape gardening

3. Study of different styles of gardening

4. Study of types of garden – Hindu garden, Persian garden and Moghul garden

5. Study of types of garden – English garden, Japanese garden and Italian garden

6. Bio aesthetic planning – definition and need

7. Role of ornamental landscaping in environmental protection- planning and designing

of natural and built environments

8. Study of principles and designing of plant components

9. Study of principles and designing of non plant components

10. Role of annuals, ground covers and herbaceous perennials in landscape gardening

11. Study of shrubs and their role in landscaping

12. Study of climbers and creepers in landscape gardening

13. Study of trees and their role in landscaping

14. Principles and method of tree transplanting - Burlapping

15. Study of palms and ferns in landscaping

16. Study of cacti and succulents in landscape gardening

17. Mid Semester examination

18. Study of special types of gardens – dish, terrarium and bottle garden

19. Study of roof garden, rockery and traffic islands

20. Study of vertical garden and green walls

21. Study of water and bog garden

22. Study of sunken garden and terrace garden

23. Study of styles and types of bonsai making

24. Study of CAD in landscape designing

25. Study of GIS in landscape architecture

26. Designing of home gardens

27. Designing public gardens

28. Designing urban and industrial gardens

29. Designing institutional gardens

30. Study of avenue planting and highway landscaping.

31. Scope and importance and species of lawn

32. Establishment of lawn, maintenance and rejuvenation of lawn

33. Establishment of lawn in golf ground and cricket pitch and its management

34. Study of astroturf and management

Practical schedule

1. Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous perennials and ground covers

2. Identification and description of shrubs, trees and climbers

3. Identification and description of cacti, succulents, palms, ferns and ornamental grasses.

4. Description and designing of garden components – arches, bowers, pergolas, paths,

walks, bridges, fountains and statues

5. Designing of garden components – edges, hedges, flower borders, shrubbery.

6. Designing and layout of rockery and terrace garden

7. Designing and layout of water garden and bog garden

8. Designing and practicing bonsai preparation

9. Practice of handling software tools in landscape architecture

10. Practice of landscape with CAD (Computer Aided Design)

11. Practicing landscape design and plan – home and industrial garden

12. Designing of special type of gardens – Dish, terrarium, vertical and roof garden.

13. Project preparation for public landscaping

14. Project preparation for institutional landscaping

15. Lawn and turfs – preparation of land, planting, after care and turf economics

16. Visit to large scale gardens, dam sites, lawns and turf nurseries


REFERENCES

Text Books

1. S.K. Bhattacharjee, 2004. Landscape gardening and design with plants. Aavishkar

Publishers and Distributers, Jaipur.

2. Auto CAD – 2010 Edition

3. K.M.P. Nambisan 1992 – Design elements of landscape gardening – Oxford and IBH

publishing Co, New Delhi.

4. Gopalasamylyengar. 1990. Complete gardening in India. IBH. Bangalore.

Further reading

1. McCarty, L.B. 2005. Best golf course management practices. 2nd Edition.Pearson

Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

2. Bose T.K., B. Chowdhury and S.P. Sharma 2001.Tropical garden plants in

colour.Horticulture and allied publishers, Kolkata.

3. Randhawa, G.S. and A. Mukhopadyay. 1998. Floriculture in India. Allied publishers

Limited, New Delhi

4. Lancaster, P. 1991. Gardening in India.Oxford and IBH publishers Pvt. Ltd.,

Calcutta.

Journals

1 Journal of ornamental Horticulture

2 Indian Journal of Horticulture

3 Floriculture Today

Web resources

1 www.bestgarden.net

2 www.indiaagronet.com

3 www.intuxford.tripod.com

4 www.webct.uark.edu

5 www.personal.psu.edu

6 www.sunny.crk.umn.edu/courses

7 www.lawngrasses.com

8 [email protected]

9 www.hsi1942.org

VSC 302 Crop Production - II (0 + 1)

Aim

To provide hands on practical exposure on production technologies of horticultural

crops

Practical

Practical training on cultivation of vegetable / flower / spice crops - production of

any one of direct sown crop (bhendi/amaranthus/radish/aggregatum onion/vegetable

cowpea / coriander) – seed treatment – sowing seeds- field preparation- manuring –

irrigation - weed control - inter culture - plant protection and harvesting – postharvest

handling – seed extraction - maintenance of cultivation sheet - working out benefit/cost

ratio.

Practical Schedule

1. Practice in seed treatment

2. sowing and after care

3. Nursery maintenance – irrigation- weeding

4. plant protection - fertilizer and growth regulator application

5. Practicing application of FYM and main field preparation, basal dressing of fertilizers

6. formation of beds, ridges and furrows

7. Practicing pre emergence herbicide application and sowing

8. Practicing scheduling of irrigation and gap filling operation in direct sown crop.

9. Mid term evaluation

10. Practicing top dressing of fertilizers

11. Practicing earthing up operation

12. Practicing PGR preparation and application

13. Pesticide, fungicide application and other inter cultural operations

14. Practicing assessment of harvesting indices and harvesting.

15. Seed extraction, processing, cleaning, grading, packaging

16. Working out of cost economics of crop production


REFERENCES

Books

1. Azhar Ali Farooqi, B.S. Sreeramu, K.N. Srinivasappa - 2005 Cultivation of spice

crops. Universities press India Pvt., Ltd., Hyderabad.

2. Battacharjee, S.K., & L.C. De, 2003. Advanced commercial floriculture (Vol. I&II),

Aavishkar publishers and distributers, Jaipur.

3. Bose, T.K., LP. Yadav, P. Pal, P. Das. V.A. Parthasarathy. 2002. Commercial flowers

(Vol. I&II), NayaProkash, Kolkatta.

4. Hazra, P. and M. G., Som. 1999. Technology for vegetable production and

improvement, NayaPrakash, Kolkatta.

5. Nem Pal Singh, A.K. Bharadwaj, Abnish Kumar and K.M.Singh.2004. Modern

technology on vegetable production. International Book Distributing company,

Lucknow.

6. Pal, A.K., A.B. Sarangi and U. Thapa. 2006. Varieties of horticultural Crops. Agro-

tech Publishing Academy, New Delhi.

7. Prem Singh Arya. 2002. A text book of vegetable culture, Kalyani publishers, New

Delhi.

Journals

1. Indian journal of horticulture

2. Journal of Indian farming

3. Journal of Indian agriculture

4. Kissan world

Web resources

1. www.ashs.org

2. www.ag.vidho.edu/mg/handbook/mgh 19.pdf

3. www.ikisan.com

4. http://www.hort.purdue.edu

5. http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu

6. http://www.avrdc.org

7. http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology

8. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu

9. http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub//vegetables

http://www.ashs.org/

http://www.ag.vidho.edu/mg/handbook/mgh%2019.pdf

http://www.ikisan.com/

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/

http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/

http://www.avrdc.org/

http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology

http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/

http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/vegetables

VSC 303 Breeding of Horticultural Crops (2 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge on the breeding strategies and methods of breeding of

horticultural crops.

Theory

Unit I Fruit crops

Crops: Mango, banana, acid lime, mandarin orange, sweet orange, grapes, sapota,

papaya, aonla, guava, pomegranate, apple and pear

Principles and methods of breeding – self, cross pollinated and asexually propagated

crops.Floral biology, objectives, methods of breeding and achievements

Unit II Tropical vegetable crops

Crops: Tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhendi, bitter gourd, cucumber, snake gourd, watermelon,

onion, amaranthus and moringa.

Floral biology, objectives, methods of breeding and achievements

Unit III Tuber and temperate vegetable crops

Crops: Potato, tapioca, sweet potato, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, peas and beans.


Unit IV Spices and plantation crops

Crops: Black pepper, cardamom, nutmeg, garlic, turmeric, ginger, tea, coffee, cocoa, cashew,

coconut and arecanut.


Unit V Flowers, medicinal and aromatic crops

Crops: Rose, jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, tuberose, crossandra, carnation, tropical

orchids, senna, gloriosa, coleus, mint and cymbopogon.


Practical

Floral biology and pollination mechanism- study of wild relatives-practices in selfing

and crossing techniques- mango, banana, citrus, sapota, pomegranate papaya, guava, aonla,

apple, tomato, chilli, brinjal, bhendi, tapioca, sweet potato, peas, beans, bitter gourd,

watermelon and cucumber, onion, amaranthus, moringa, coriander, coconut and gloriosa -

exploitation of heterosis and techniques of F1 hybrid production- mutation and mutagenic

treatments- methods of induction of polyploidy- identification of elite trees.

Lecture schedule

1. Breeding strategies, merits and demerits and methods of improvement of self-

pollinated crops

2. Breeding strategies, merits and demerits and methods of improvement of cross-

pollinated crops

3. Breeding strategies, merits and demerits and methods of improvement of asexually

propagated crops

4. Floral biology, breeding strategies, objectives and achievements in crop

improvement of Mango.


improvement of banana.


improvement of acid lime, sweet orange, mandarin orange.


improvement of grapes


improvement of sapota


improvement of papaya


improvement of pomegranate and aonla


improvement of guava and custard apple


improvement of tomato


improvement of brinjal.


improvement of chilli


improvement of bhendi.


improvement of onion



improvement of bitter gourd and cucumber

19. Floral biology, breeding strategies and achievements in crop improvement of

watermelon and bottle gourd


improvement of moringa and amaranth

21. Floral biology ,breeding strategies, objectives and achievements in crop

improvement of tapioca and sweetpotato


improvement of peas and beans


improvement of potato


improvement of carrot, cabbage and cauliflower


improvement of black pepper and cardamom


improvement of nutmeg and garlic.


improvement of turmeric and ginger


improvement of tea and coffee


improvement of cocoa and cashew.


improvement of coconut and arecanut.


improvement of rose and jasmine


improvement of chrysanthemum and marigold


improvement of tuberose, crossandra, carnation and tropical orchids


improvement of senna, gloriosa, coleus, mint and cymbopogon.

Practical schedule

1. Study of floral biology and pollination mechanism, practices in selfing and crossing

in mango and banana.


in citrus, sapota and pomegranate.


in papaya, guava and aonla.


in tomato and chillies


in brinjal and bhendi


in tapioca and sweet potato


in peas and beans


in bitter gourd, watermelon and cucumber.


in onion, amaranth and annual moringa


in coconut and gloriosa.

11. Study of mutagenic treatments and various methods of mutation

12. Study of polyploidy and methods of development of polyploids.

13. Exploitation of heterosis and techniques of F1 hybrid production in self-pollinated

crops.

14. Exploitation of heterosis and techniques of F1 hybrid production in cross-pollinated

crops.

15. Identification of elite or plus trees in major fruit crops.

16. Variety release, procedures involved and DUS testing.


REFERENCES

Text Books

1. Chahal, G. S. and S. S. Gosal. 2002. Principles and procedures of plant breeding. Biotechnological and conventional approaches. CRC Press, U.K.

2. Chahal, G. S. and S. S. Gosal. 2002. Principles and procedures of plant breeding. Biotechnological and conventional approaches. CRC Press, U.K.

3. Daniel Sundarraj, G. Thulasidas and M. Stephen Dorariraj. 1997. Introduction to Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding. Popular Book Depot, Chennai.

4. Harihar Ram. 1998. Vegetable Breeding – Principles and Practices. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.

5. Kalloo, 1990. Vegetable Breeding, Vol. I II and III CRC Press, Florida. 6. Kuckkuck, M, Kobafe, G and Wenzal, G. 1991. Fundamentals of Breeding,

Springer- Verlage, London. 7. Kuckkuck, M, Kobafe, G and Wenzal, G. 1991. Fundamentals of Breeding,

Springer- Verlage, London. 8. Kumar, N. 2006. Breeding of Horticultural Crops Principles and Practices. New

India Publishing Agency, PitamPura, New Delhi. 9. Prem Singh Arya, 2003. Vegetable breeding, production and seed production,

Kalyani publishers, New Delhi. 10. Singh B. D, 2002. Plant Breeding, Principles and Methods. Fifth Edition, Kalyani

Publishers, New Delhi. 11. Singh B. D, 2002. Plant Breeding, Principles and Methods. Fifth Edition, Kalyani

Publishers, New Delhi. Journals

1. Journal of cytogenetics

2. Economic botany

3. Actahorticulture

Webresources

1. http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/6/3/347.pdf

2. http://www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be/EN/Research/ResearchAppliedGeneticsandBreedi

ng_new/ProductQualityImprovement/Breedingofagriculturalandhorticulturalcrops

/tabid/2314/Default.aspx

3. http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/jobs-resumes-projects/7081-

vegetable-breeding-research-job-required.html

4. http://www.agron.iastate.edu/faculty/fehr/BVC/00BVC.PDF

5. http://www.amazon.com/Genetic-Improvement-Vegetable-Crops-

Kalloo/dp/0080408265

http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/6/3/347.pdf

http://www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be/EN/Research/ResearchAppliedGeneticsandBreeding_new/ProductQualityImprovement/Breedingofagriculturalandhorticulturalcrops/tabid/2314/Default.aspx



http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/jobs-resumes-projects/7081-vegetable-breeding-research-job-required.html

http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/jobs-resumes-projects/7081-vegetable-breeding-research-job-required.html

http://www.agron.iastate.edu/faculty/fehr/BVC/00BVC.PDF

http://www.amazon.com/Genetic-Improvement-Vegetable-Crops-Kalloo/dp/0080408265

http://www.amazon.com/Genetic-Improvement-Vegetable-Crops-Kalloo/dp/0080408265

ENS 321 Environmental Management In Horticultural Industries (1 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge on the process of recycling of solid and liquid wastes from

horticultural industries.

Theory

Unit I Introduction to environment

Environment - components and segments – atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

and biosphere - energy fundamentals – biogeochemical cycles- biological interactions

Unit II Environmental issues

Environmental resources and degradation– air, water and soil – impact of pollutants

in environment (global warming, ozone depletion, particulate matter pollution, acid rain,

organic and inorganic pollutants in water and soil)

Unit III Wastewater management in horticultural industries

Horticultural industries – processes – waste water generation and characteristics -

treatment processes –physical-chemical – biological- aerobic and anaerobic treatment –

bioreactors – reed bed technologies- recycling of treated wastewater for irrigation–

permissible limits for land application of treated waste water

Unit IV Solid waste management and air pollution control in horticultural industries

Solid wastes - sources, disposal problems and management technologies - recycling -

resource recovery – value addition – composting and vermicomposting techniques– quality

standards – air pollution – noise control and odour management

Unit V Environmental protection

Global treaties, conventions – national and state level organizations - environmental

laws and acts – environmental education – environmental impact assessment (EIA),

Environmental management system electrical conductivity - ISO14000

Practicals

Sampling methods ofhorticulturalprocessing industry wastes-characterization- pH, EC,

solids, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen

demand (COD) - water quality indicators- solid waste recycling- biocomposting –

vermicomposting -biogas production – particulate matter assessment- air borne

microorganism- compost analysis- pectin extraction –heavy metals assessment- visit to

horticultural industries

Lecture Schedule

1. Environment - components and segments – atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

and biosphere

2. Energy fundamentals – biogeochemical cycles- biological interactions

3. Environmental resources and degradation– air, water and soil

4. Impact of pollutants in environment (global warming, ozone depletion, particulate

matter pollution, acid rain, organic and inorganic pollutants in water and soil)

5. Horticultural industries – processes – waste water generation and characteristics –

6. Treatment processes –physical – chemical – biological- aerobic and anaerobic

treatment

7. Bioreactors – types and principles-applications

8. Reed bed technologies

9. Mid-semester examination

10. Recycling of treated wastewater for irrigation– permissible limits for land application

11. Solid wastes - sources, disposal problems and management technologies

12. Recycling of solidwaste - resource recovery – value addition

13. Composting and vermicomposting techniques– quality standards

14. Air pollution – noise control - odour management

15. Global treaties, conventions – national and state level organizations

16. Environmental laws and acts – environmental education

17. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental management system

electrical conductivity - ISO14000

Practical schedule

1. Sampling methods for horticultural processing industry wastes .

2. Assessment of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids(TSS) and

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wastewater

3. Determination of hardness in wastewater

4. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in

wastewater

5. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in wastewater

6. Assessment of water quality indicators (coliforms)

7. Visit to wastewater treatment plant

8. Bio composting of horticultural industry solid wastes

9. Vermicomposting of horticultural industry solid wastes

10. Biogas production from horticultural industrial wastes

11. Assessment of Particulate matter in horticulture industries

12. Enumeration of air borne microorganism in indoor environment

13. Qualitative test for matured compost

14. Extraction of pectin from banana wastes

15. Assessment of heavy metals in horticultural industrial wastes

16. Visit to solid waste management unit

17. Practical Examination

REFERENCES

Text Books

1. Sharma, P D 2011.Ecology and Environment.Rastogi Publications, Meerut, New

Delhi

2. Pallister, 2006. Environmental Management. 2006. Oxford University Press, New

Delhi

3. BalaKrishnamoorty 2005. Environmental Management .Prentice- Hall of India

Private Ltd. New Delhi.

Further readings

1. Gilbert M.Masters. 2004. Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science. Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd.New Delhi.

2. Singh,Shree N; Tripathi and Rudra D. 2007. Environmental Bioremedition Technologies. Springer Verlag Publishers.

3. Stanley E.Manahan. 2006. Environmental Science and Technology: A Sustainable Approach to Green Science and Technology, Second Edition CRC press.

4. Jogdhand S.N. 2006. Environmental Biotechnology: Industrial Pollution Management (III ed). Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.

Journals

1. Indian Journal of Environmental Health 2. Bioresourse technology 3. Journal of bioremediation 4. Research journal of chemistry and environment 5. Indian journal of environmental quality

Web resources

1. http://faculty.rio.edu/lindas/essyl.html 2. http://umbbd .ahc.umn.edu /bsd/index.html 3. ww.geocities.com /hotspur311 4. http://www.cplbookshop.com 5. http://collegesat.du.ac.in/UG/Envinromental%20Studies_ebook.pdf 6. http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/BioremediationBook.pdf

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=P+D+Sharma&search-alias=stripbooks

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=Pallister&search-alias=stripbooks

http://faculty.rio.edu/lindas/essyl.html

http://umbbd/

http://www.cplbookshop.com/

http://collegesat.du.ac.in/UG/Envinromental%20Studies_ebook.pdf

ANM 321 Nematode Management In Horticultural Crops (1 + 1)

Aim

To impart knowledge on basics of nematodes and its management

Theory

Unit I Introduction and economic importance

Introduction to Nematology – Brief history and development of Nematology at

National and International level - economic importance of nematodes - beneficial nematodes

(predatory, entomopathogenic, pollution indicators and decomposers).

Unit II Morphology, anatomy and taxonomy

Morphology and Anatomy of nematodes – cuticle, cephalic region, sense organs,

musculature, digestive, excretory, nervous and reproductive system of nematodes. Modern

classification of nematodes up to super family (De Ley and Blaxter, 2002) and classification

of nematodes based on parasitism.

Unit III Life cycle, symptom and interaction

Life cycle of important nematodes – Meloidogyne, Globodera, RotylenchulusTylenchulus,

RadopholusandPratylenchus.Symptoms of nematode damage - interaction of nematodes with

disease causing fungi, bacteria and virus.

Unit IV Nematode management

Principles and methods of nematode management - legislative (plant quarantine);

physical methods (soil solarisation, hot water treatment, seed cleaning); cultural methods

(ploughing, fallowing, crop rotation, antinemic plants, other land management practices);

host plant resistance to nematodes (resistant genes and varieties); biological control

(nematode trapping fungi, egg parasitic fungi, obligate parasites, PGPR and predators);

chemical control. Integrated nematode management.

Unit V Nematode diseases of crops

Nematode diseases of fruits (banana, citrus, grapevine, papaya, guava, pomegranate,

strawberry, peach and plum) - vegetables (tomato, brinjal, bhendi, chilli, potato, gourds,

melons, cabbage / cauliflower, carrot, beetroot, beans, yams and sweet potato) - spices

(turmeric, pepper, cardamom) flowers (crossandra, rose, jasmine, tuberose, chrysanthemum,

gerbera, carnation, eustoma and lilium) plantation crops (tea, coffee, betelvine, coconut and

arecanut) – medicinal (coleus, aswagandha, periwinkle, glory lily, senna, rauvolfia, noni)

and aromatic plants (davanam, mint, geranium, patchouli, rosemary and thyme) – nematode

management in mushroom and protected cultivation.

Practical

Sampling techniques for nematode assay. Processing of soil samples for extraction of

active nematodes - Extraction of nematodes by centrifugal floatation method and separation

of cyst nematodes - Extraction of nematodes from plant samples by direct examination of

nematodes, root incubation, warring blender technique and staining techniques.Killing,

fixing, preservation and counting of nematodes - Processing and mounting of nematodes.

Observation of morphological characters of Tylenchida (Hoplolaimus) and Dorylaimida

(Xiphinema) - Identification of nematodes Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus –

Pratylenchus,Longidorus, Xiphinema – Criconematids,Aphelenchoides, Tylenchulus. Study of life

stages of Meloidogyne, Globodera - Rotylenchulus and Radopholus.

Nematode disease symptoms in fruits, vegetables, spices, flower crops and medicinal and

aromatic plants.Nematicides, biocontrol agents, application methods and calculation of

dosages.

Lecture schedule

1. Introduction to nematology, brief history and development of nematology at

international level.

2. Brief history and development of nematology at national level-economic importance

of nematodes.

3. Beneficial nematodes – predatory, entomopathogenic, pollution indicators, and

decomposers.

4. Morphology and anatomy of nematodes – cuticle, cephalic region, sense organs,

musculature, digestive and excretory system of nematodes.

5. Morphology and anatomy of nematodes (contd.) – nervous and reproductive system

of nematodes.

6. Modern classification of nematodes up to super family and classification of

nematodes based on parasitism.

7. Life cycle of important nematodes – Meloidogyne, Globodera, Rotylenchulus,

Tylenchulus, RadopholusandPratylenchus.

8. Symptoms of nematode damage.


10. Interaction of nematodes with disease causing fungi, bacteria and virus.

11. Principles and methods of nematode management, host plant resistance to

nematodes (resistant genes and varieties) and IPM.

12. Nematode diseases of fruit crops (banana, citrus, grapevine, papaya, guava,

pomegranate, strawberry, peach and plum).

13. Nematode diseases of vegetable crops (tomato, brinjal, bhendi, chilli, potato, gourds,

melons, cabbage / cauliflower, carrot, beetroot, beans, yams and sweet potato)

14. Nematode diseases of flower (crossandra, rose, jasmine, tuberose, chrysanthemum,

gerbera, carnation, eustoma and lilium)

15. Nematode diseases of spices (turmeric, pepper, cardamom) and plantation crops

(tea, coffee, betelvine, coconut and arecanut)

16. Nematode diseases of medicinal (coleus, aswagandha, periwinkle, glory lily, senna,

rauvolfia, noni) and aromatic plants (davanam, mint, geranium, patchouli, rosemary

and thyme).

17. Nematode management in mushroom and protected cultivation.

Practical schedule

1. Sampling techniques for nematode assay.

2. Processing of soil samples for extraction of active nematodes by cobb’s method.

3. Extraction of nematodes by centrifugal floatation and extraction of cyst nematodes.

4. Extraction of nematodes from plant samples by direct examination of nematodes,

root incubation, warring blender technique and staining techniques.

5. Killing, fixing, preservation and counting of nematodes.

6. Processing and mounting of nematodes.

7. Observation of morphological characters of Tylenchida (Hoplolaimus) and

Dorylaimida (Xiphinema)

8. Identification of nematodes of Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Hoplolaimus.

9. Identification of nematodes of Pratylenchus, Longidorus, Xiphinema.

10. Identification of nematodes of Criconematids, Tylenchulus and Aphelenchoides.

11. Study of life stages of Meloidogyne and Globodera

12. Study of life stages of Rotylenchulus and Radopholus

13. Nematode disease symptoms in fruit crops.

14. Nematode disease symptoms in vegetable crops.

15. Nematode disease symptoms in flower crops, spices and medicinal plants.

16. Nematicides, bio-control agents, application methods and calculation of dosages.

17. Practical examination.

REFERENCES

Text Books

1. Jonathan, E.I. 2009. Nematology: fundamentals and applications, New India

publishing. New Delhi. P. 280

2. Parvatha Reddy, P. 2012. Integrated nematode management in horticultural crops,

Scientific publishers, p 300.

3. Ravichandra, N.G. 2014. Horticultural nematology, Springer publication, p412.

Further readings

1. Bhatti, D.S. and R.K.Walia. 1992. Nematode pests of crops, CBS Publishers and

Distributers, Delhi, P381.

2. Goodey, J.B. 1963. Technical Bulletin No 2 – Laboratory methods for work with plant

and soil nematode. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and food, London, p. 72.

3. GopalSwarup and Dasgupta, D. 1986 Plant parasitic nematodes of India – Problems

and progress, ICAR, New Delhi. 76.

4. Webster, J. 1972. Economic Nematology. Academic Press, London, p. 396.

5. Parvatha Reddy, P. 2009. Laboratory & Field Manual for Plant Nematology, Studium

Press Llc publications, p260.

6. Powell, N.T. 1971. Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with other disease

causing agents. In: Plant parasitic Nematodes Vol. II (B.M. Zuckerman., W.F Mai

and R.A Rohde. Eds). Academic press Pp.347.

7. Nickle, W.R. 1991. Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker. Inc., New

York. 1035 pages.

8. Maggenti, A. 1981. General nematology - Springer Verlag, New York Inc., p. 372.

9. Singh, R.S. and K. Sitaramaiah. 1993. Hand book of economic nematology, Cosmo

Publication, New Delhi, p. 386.

10. Ronald N. Perry and Maurice Moens. 2006. Plant nematology. CABI Publishing 463

pages.

11. Parvatha Reddy P. 2014. Biointensive Integrated pest management in horticultural

ecosystems. Springer publication.p.278

12. Ciancio. A and K.G. Mukerji. 2009. Integrated management of fruit crops and forest

nematodes. Springer publication. p.358

http://www.scientificpub.com/authordetails.php?aid=290

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=N.G.+Ravichandra&search-alias=stripbooks

https://sapnaonline.com/shop/Author/p-parvatha-reddy

https://sapnaonline.com/shop/Publisher/studium-press-llc

https://sapnaonline.com/shop/Publisher/studium-press-llc

13. John Bridge and James L. Starr. 2007. Plant nematodes of agricultural importance. A

colour handbook. Manson publishing p.153

14. Wajid Khan, M. 1993. Nematode interactions. Springer – Science + business Media.

B.V p. 387

Journals

1 Indian journal of nematology

2 Journal of nematology

Web resources

1 http://tau.tnau.ac.in/ms/claroline/document/document.php

2 http://www.iari.res.in/divisions/nematology/teaching.php

3 http://plpnemweb

http://tau.tnau.ac.in/ms/claroline/document/document.php

http://www.iari.res.in/divisions/nematology/teaching.php

http://plpnemweb/

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