Semester III Assgn I Project Management

8/9/2019 Semester III Assgn I Project Management

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ALLAEA OQJAL M^FG VGOSFZYOT_,

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PABOD GAPOZ AJ6:9366

:

QVFYTOMG 1Fr~laog ^zm`fit agd ^zm`fit

Eagakfefgt ^zmifyy, {b a ~zm`fit oy

ogotoatfd= Alym doyivyy tbf ^zm`fit Locf

Iilf og dftaol'

":>/


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Aiimzdogk tm tbf ^EO "^zm`fit Eagakfefgt Ogytotvtf/ dfcogotomg0

A ~zm`fit oy a tfe~mzaz fgdfasmz imgyoytogk mc a yfzofy mc aitosotofy

agd tayhy vgdfztahfg tm izfatf a vgoqvf ~zmdvit mz yfzsoif'

A ~zm`fit oy a ~laggfd aitosot' A ~zm`fit oy vyvall a mgftoef aitosot {otb a

{fll dfcogfd yft mc dfyozfd fgd zfyvlty' Ot iag jf dosodfd ogtm yvjtayhy tbat

evyt jf aiime~loybfd og mzdfz tm aibofsf tbf ~zm`fit kmaly'

^zm`fity azf doccfzfgt czme ytagdazd jvyogfyy m~fzatomgal aitosotofy ay tbf0

Azf vgoqvf og gatvzf' Tbf dm gmt ogsmlsf zf~ftotosf ~zmifyyfy' Fsfz

~zm`fit vgdfztahfg oy doccfzfgt czme tbf layt, {bfzfay m~fzatomgal

aitosotofy mctfg ogsmlsf vgdfztahogk zf~ftotosf "odfgtoial/ ~zmifyyfy'

Basf a dfcogfd toefyialf' ^zm`fity basf a ilfazl y~fiocofd ytazt agd

fgd datf {otbog {boib tbf dflosfzajlfy evyt jf ~zmdvifd tm efft a

y~fiocofd ivytmefz zfqvozfefgt'

Basf ag a~~zmsfd jvdkft' ^zm`fity azf allmiatfd a lfsfl mc cogagioal

fr~fgdotvzf {otbog {boib tbf dflosfzajlfy evyt jf ~zmdvifd tm efft a

y~fiocofd ivytmefz zfqvozfefgt'

Basf loeotfd zfymvzify' At tbf ytazt mc a ~zm`fit ag akzffd aemvgt mc

lajmz, fqvo~efgt agd eatfzoaly oy allmiatfd tm tbf ~zm`fit'

Ogsmlsf ag flfefgt mc zoyh' ^zm`fity fgtaol a lfsfl mc vgifztaogt agd

tbfzfcmzf iazz jvyogfyy zoyh'

^ZM@FIT


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4

Aibofsf jfgfcoioal ibagkf' Tbf ~vz~myf mc a ~zm`fit, t~oiall, oy tm

oe~zmsf ag mzkagopatomg tbzmvkb tbf oe~lfefgtatomg mc jvyogfyy

ibagkf'

Frae~lfy mc ^zm`fity azf0

Imgytzvitomg mc a jvoldogk

Eagvcaitvzogk mc ~zmdvit

Dfsflm~efgt mc a ~azmll ymct{azf ~aihakf

Ime~vtfzopatomg mc a mccoif

^zm`fit Eagakfefgt oy tbf yholly, tmmly agd eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy

zfqvozfd tm vgdfztahf a ~zm`fit yviifyycvll'

^zm`fit Eagakfefgt ime~zoyfy0

A yft mcyholly' Y~fioaloyt hgm{lfdkf, yholly agd fr~fzofgif azf zfqvozfd

tm zfdvif tbf lfsfl mc zoyh {otbog a ~zm`fit agd tbfzfj fgbagif oty

lohflobmmd mc yviifyy

A yvotf mctmmly' Sazomvy t~fy mc tmmly azf vyfd j ~zm`fit eagakfzy tm

oe~zmsf tbfoz ibagify mc yviifyy' Frae~lfy ogilvdf dmivefgt

tfe~latfy, zfkoytfzy, ~laggogk ymct{azf, emdflogk ymct{azf, avdot

ibfihloyty agd zfsof{ cmzey

A yfzofy mc~zmifyyfy' Sazomvy eagakfefgt tfibgoqvfy agd ~zmifyyfy

azf zfqvozfd tm emgotmz agd imgtzml toef, imyt, qvalot agd yim~f mg

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


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6

~zm`fity' Frae~lfy ogilvdf toef eagakfefgt, imyt eagakfefgt,

qvalot eagakfefgt, ibagkf eagakfefgt, zoyh eagakfefgt agd oyyvf

eagakfefgt'

^zm`fit Eagakfefgt ^zmifyyfy dfcogf, mzkagopf agd ime~lftf tbf {mzh

dfcogfd cmz tbf ~zm`fit' Tbfzf azf cosf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt ~zmifyy azfay tbat

a~~l tm emyt ~zm`fity agd azf dfcogfd og tbf ^EJMH o'f' ^zm`fit

Eagakfefgt Jmd mc Hgm{lfdkf0

Ogotoatogk zmifyyfy0 avtbmzopogk tbf ~zm`fit mz ~bayf'

^laggogk ^zmifyyfy0 dfcogogk tbf ~zm`fit mj`fitosfy agd yflfitogk tbf

emyt a~~zm~zoatf a~~zmaib cmz tbf ~zm`fit tm attaog tbf mj`fitosfy'

Frfivtogk ^zmifyyfy0 eagakogk tbf zfymvzify zfqvozfd tm iazz mvt

tbf ~zm`fity ay dfcogfd og tbf ~lag'

Imgtzmllogk ^zmifyyfy0 fgyvzogk tbat ~zm`fit mj`fitosfy azf eft ay

dfcogfd j emgotmzogk, efayvzogk ~zmkzfyy akaogyt ~lag, odfgtocogk

sazoagif czme ~lag agd tahogk imzzfitosf aitomg'

Ilmyogk ^zmifyyfy0 cmzealopogk aiif~tagif mc a ~bayf agd mz tbf

~zm`fit agd ilmyogk all ayymioatfd aitosotofy'

^zm`fit eagakfefgt oy ogtfkzatosf agd tm fccfitosfl eagakf a ~zm`fit, a

~zm`fit eagakfz vyfy all mc tbf jmd mc hgm{lfdkf azfay agd all mc tbf

~zmifyyfy tbzmvkbmvt tbf locf iilf mc a ~zm`fit'

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT ^ZMIFYY


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^laggogk oy tbf dftfzeogogk og adsagif mc {bat oy tm jf dmgf, bm{ ot oy

tm jf dmgf, {bfg ot oy tm jf dmgf agd {bm {oll dm ot' Ot fgime~ayyfy

yfttogk mj`fitosfy, agd eahogk da%tm%da dfioyomgy mg bm{ tbfyf

mj`fitosfy iag jfyt jf aibofsfd'

^zm`fity gfsfz km aiimzdogk tm ~lag' Tbogky azzosf latf, tbfzf azf

dfsoatomgy, agd ~zmdvitomg cally jfbogd yibfdvlf agd zfymvzify azf

yvddfgl gmt asaolajlf' Tboy oy gmt a zfaymg gmt tm ~lag' Og cait, ot oy a

kmmd zfaymg tm ~lag'

^laggogk kosfy dozfitomg tm lfadfzy agd tfaey' Ot cmivyfy mg tbf

mj`fitosfy mc tbf ^zm`fit agd-mz tbf mzkagopatomg' Oc tbf tfae oy a{azf

mc tbf mj`fitosfy cmz {boib tbf ~zm`fit ytzosfy, immzdogatomg, im%

m~fzatomg agd tfae {mzh {oll emyt lohfl jf fgbagifd'

^laggogk iag zfdvif dv~loiatomg mc {mzh agd vggfifyyaz aitosotofy'

[bfg tfae efejfzy hgm{ fraitl {bat tm dm, ogfccoiofgiofy jfimef

emzf a~~azfgt'

Mgf mc tbf emyt fccfitosf {ay mc ~laggogk ag aitomg ~zmkzaeef oy tm {mzh

yytfeatoiall tbzmvkb tbf flfefgty mc ~zm`fit cmzevlatomg0

zatomgalf8

kmal8mj`fitosf8

ytzatfk8mvt~vty agd tazkfty8

aitosotofy8og~vty8

[B_ A ^ZM@FIT


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;

toeftajlf agd {mzh ~lag8

emgotmzogk8fsalvatomg

A eftbmdoial a~~zmaib eahfy ot ~myyojlf tm0

dftfzeogf bm{ zfaloytoi tbf ~zm`fit oy agd {bftbfz ot iag jf

oe~lfefgtfd {otb lmiall asaolajlf zfymvzify agd fr~fztoyf8

agtoio~atf ~zmjlfey8

ibfih mg tbf ~zmkzfyy mc tbf {mzh "emgotmzogk/ agd mg {bftbfz tbf

~zm`fit bay aibofsfd oty aoey "fsalvatomg/'

A ~zm`fit bay y~fiocoi mj`fitosfy tm jf ime~lftfd {otbog ifztaog

y~fiocoiatomgy' Ot bay dfcogfd ytazt agd fgd datfy, oy ~fzcmzefd j bveag agd

gmg%bveag zfymvzify "~fm~lf, eatfzoaly, emgf fti/, oy ~laggfd, frfivtfd

agd imgtzmllfd, agd oy imgytzaogfd j loeotfd zfymvzify "loeotfd jvdkft,~fm~lf, fqvo~efgt, toef fti/' Ime~agofy ~fzcmzeogk ~zm`fity {oll kfgfzall

yvj%dosodf tbfoz ~zm`fity ogtm yfsfzal ~bayfy mz ytakfy tm ~zmsodf jfttfz

eagakfefgt imgtzml' Imllfitosfl tbfyf ~zm`fit ~bayfy azf iallfd tbf ^zm`fit

Locf Iilf'

^zm`fit Locfiilf imgyoyty mc cmvz ~bayfy0

1' ^zm`fit Ogotoatomg:' ^zm`fit ^laggogk

9' ^zm`fit Frfivtomg

4' ^zm`fit Ilmyvzf

^ZM@FIT LOCF I_ILF


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Cok0 Cmvz ^bayfy mc ^zm`fit LocfIilf

Cok0 ^zm`fit LocfIilf

1'^zm`fit OgotoatomgTbf ogotoatomg ~bayf fyyfgtoall ogsmlsfy tbf ~zm`fit ytazt%v~' Ot oy tbf

~bayf {otbog {boib tbf jvyogfyy ~zmjlfe mz m~~mztvgot oy odfgtocofd, tbf

ymlvtomg oy akzffd, a ~zm`fit cmzefd tm ~zmdvif tbf ymlvtomg agd a ~zm`fit

tfae a~~mogtfd' Tbf cmllm{ogk doakzae df~oity tbf aitosotofy vgdfztahfg0


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?

1'1 Dfsflm~ Jvyogfyy IayfMgif a jvyogfyy ~zmjlfe mz m~~mztvgot bay jffg odfgtocofd, a Jvyogfyy Iayf

oy ~zf~azfd' Tboy ogilvdfy0

A dftaolfd dfcogotomg mc tbf ~zmjlfe mz m~~mztvgot

Ag agalyoy mc tbf ~mtfgtoal ymlvtomg m~tomgy asaolajlf' Cmz faib m~tomg,

tbf ~mtfgtoal jfgfcoty, imyty, zoyhy agd oyyvfy azf dmivefgtfd' A cmzeal

cfayojolot ytvd ea jf imeeoyyomgfd oc tbf cfayojolot mc ag

~aztoivlaz ymlvtomg m~tomg oy gmt ilfaz

Tbf zfimeefgdfd ymlvtomg agd a kfgfzoi oe~lfefgtatomg ~lag'

Tbf Jvyogfyy Iayf oy a~~zmsfd j tbf ^zm`fit Y~mgymz agd tbf zfqvozfd

cvgdogk oy allmiatfd tm ~zmiffd {otb tbf ~zm`fit'

1': ^fzcmze Cfayojolot YtvdAt ag ytakf dvzogk "mz actfz/ tbf dfsflm~efgt mc a Jvyogfyy Iayf, a cmzeal

Cfayojolot Ytvd ea jf imeeoyyomgfd' Tbf ~vz~myf oy tm ayyfyy tbf

lohflobmmd mc a ~aztoivlaz ymlvtomg m~tomgy aibofsogk tbf jfgfcoty mvtlogfd og

tbf Jvyogfyy Iayf' Tbf Cfayojolot Ytvd {oll alym ogsfytokatf {bftbfz tbf

cmzfiayt imyty azf zfaymgajlf, tbf ymlvtomg oy aibofsajlf, tbf zoyhy azf

aiif~tajlf agd-mz ag lohfl oyyvfy azf asmodajlf'


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1>

1'9 Fytajloyb ^zm`fit Ibaztfz Actfz tbf ymlvtomg bay jffg akzffd agd cvgdogk allmiatfd, a ~zm`fit oy

cmzefd' Tbf ^zm`fit Ibaztfz dfcogfy tbf soyomg, mj`fitosfy, yim~f agd

dflosfzajlfy cmz tbf ~zm`fit' Ot alym ~zmsodfy tbf mzkagopatomg ytzvitvzf "zmlfy

agd zfy~mgyojolotofy/ agd a yveeazopfd ~lag mc tbf aitosotofy, zfymvzify agd

cvgdogk zfqvozfd tm vgdfztahf tbf ~zm`fit' Cogall, ag zoyhy, oyyvfy, ~laggogk

ayyve~tomgy agd imgytzaogty azf loytfd'

1'4 A~~mogt ^zm`fit Tfae At tboy ~mogt tbf yim~f mc tbf ~zm`fit bay jffg dfcogfd og dftaol agd tbf

~zm`fit tfae azf zfad tm jf a~~mogtfd' Altbmvkb a ^zm`fit Eagakfz iag jf

a~~mogtfd at ag ytakf mc tbf ~zm`fit, y-bf {oll gffd tm jf a~~mogtfd ~zomz tm

tbf fytajloybefgt mc tbf ~zm`fit tfae' Tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz dmivefgty a

dftaolfd @mj Dfyizo~tomg cmz faib ~zm`fit zmlf agd a~~mogty a bveag zfymvzif

tm faib zmlf jayfd mg boy-bfz zflfsagt yholly agd fr~fzofgif' Mgif tbf tfae

azf cvll zfymvzifd, tbf ^zm`fit Mccoif oy zfad tm jf yft%v~'

1'6 Yft v~ ^zm`fit MccoifTbf ^zm`fit Mccoif oy tbf ~byoial fgsozmgefgt {otbog {boib tbf tfae {oll jf

jayfd' Altbmvkb ot oy vyval tm basf mgf ifgtzal ~zm`fit mccoif, ot oy ~myyojlf tm

basf a soztval ~zm`fit mccoif fgsozmgefgt, {otb ~zm`fit tfae efejfzy og

sazomvy lmiatomgy azmvgd tbf {mzld' Zfkazdlfyy mc tbf lmiatomg, a yviifyycvl

~zm`fit mccoif fgsozmgefgt {oll ime~zoyf tbf cmllm{ogk ime~mgfgty0

Lmiatomg "fotbfz ~byoial mz soztval/

Imeevgoiatomgy "tflf~bmgfy, ime~vtfz gft{mzh, feaol, ogtfzgft

aiifyy, colf ytmzakf, datajayf ytmzakf agd jaihv~ caiolotofy/

Dmivefgtatomg "eftbmdmlmk, ~zmifyyfy, cmzey agd zfkoytfzy/

Tmmly "cmz aiimvgtogk, ~zm`fit ~laggogk agd zoyh emdflogk/'


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1'3 ^fzcmze ^bayf Zfsof{At tbf fgd mc tbf Ogotoatomg ^bayf, a ^bayf zfsof{ oy ~fzcmzefd' Tboy oy

jayoiall a ibfih~mogt tm fgyvzf tbat tbf ~zm`fit bay aibofsfd oty ytatfd

mj`fitosfy ay ~laggfd'

:' zm`fit laggogkJ tboy ytakf, tbf jfgfcoty agd imyty mc tbf ~zm`fit basf jffg ilfazl

dmivefgtfd, tbf mj`fitosfy agd yim~f basf jffg dfcogfd, tbf ~zm`fit

tfae bay jffg a~~mogtfd agd a cmzeal ~zm`fit mccoif fgsozmgefgt

fytajloybfd' Ot oy gm{ toef tm vgdfztahf dftaolfd ~laggogk tm fgyvzf tbat

tbf aitosotofy ~fzcmzefd og tbf frfivtomg ~bayf mc tbf ~zm`fit azf ~zm~fzl

yfqvfgifd, zfymvzifd, frfivtfd agd imgtzmllfd'

:'1 Dfsflm~ ^zm`fit ^lagTbf cozyt ytf~ oy tm dmivefgt tbf ^zm`fit ^lag' A [mzh Jzfahdm{g Ytzvitvzf

"[JY/ oy odfgtocofd, {boib ogilvdfy a bofzaziboial yft mc ~bayfy, aitosotofy agd

tayhy tm jf vgdfztahfg mg tbf ~zm`fit' Actfz tbf [JY bay jffg akzffd, ag

ayyfyyefgt mc tbf fccmzt zfqvozfd tm vgdfztahf tbf aitosotofy agd tayhy oy

eadf' Tbf aitosotofy agd tayhy azf yfqvfgifd, zfymvzify azf allmiatfd agd a


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1:

dftaolfd ~zm`fit yibfdvlf oy cmzefd' Tboy ~zm`fit yibfdvlf {oll jfimef tbf

~zoeaz tmml cmz tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz tm ayyfyy tbf ~zmkzfyy mc tbf ~zm`fit'

:': Dfsflm~ Zfymvzif ^lagOeefdoatfl actfz tbf ^zm`fit ^lag oy cmzefd, ot oy gfifyyaz tm allmiatf tbf

zfymvzify zfqvozfd tm vgdfztahf faib mc tbf aitosotofy agd tayhy {otbog tbf

^zm`fit ^lag' Altbmvkb kfgfzal kzmv~y mc zfymvzify ea basf alzfad jffg

allmiatfd tm tbf ^zm`fit ^lag, a dftaolfd zfymvzif ayyfyyefgt oy zfqvozfd tm

odfgtoc tbf0

T~fy mc zfymvzify "lajmz, fqvo~efgt agd eatfzoaly/Tmtal qvagtotofy mc faib zfymvzif t~f

Zmlfy, zfy~mgyojolotofy agd yholl%yfty mc all bveag zfymvzify

Otfey, ~vz~myfy agd y~fiocoiatomgy mc all fqvo~efgt zfymvzif

Otfey agd qvagtotofy mc eatfzoal zfymvzif'

A yibfdvlf oy ayyfejlfd cmz faib t~f mc zfymvzif ym tbat tbf ^zm`fit

Eagakfz iag ayyfyy tbf zfymvzif allmiatomg at faib ytakf og tbf ~zm`fit'

:'9

Dfsflm~ Cogagioal ^lag

Yoeolaz tm tbf Zfymvzif ^lag, a Cogagioal ^lag oy ~zf~azfd tm odfgtoc tbf

qvagtot mc emgf zfqvozfd cmz faib ytakf og tbf ~zm`fit' Tbf tmtal imyt mc

lajmz, fqvo~efgt agd eatfzoaly oy qvagtocofd agd ag fr~fgyf yibfdvlf oy

dfcogfd {boib ~zmsodfy tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz {otb ag vgdfzytagdogk mc tbf

cmzfiayt y~fgdogk sy' tbf aitval y~fgdogk tbzmvkbmvt tbf ~zm`fit' ^zf~azogk

a dftaolfd Cogagioal ^lag oy frtzfefl oe~mztagt ay tbf ~zm`fity yviifyy {oll

df~fgd mg {bftbfz mz gmt ot oy dflosfzfd {otbog tbf toef, imyt agd qvalot

fytoeatfy cmz tboy ~zm`fit'


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:'4 Dfsflm~ Qvalot ^lagEfftogk tbf qvalot fr~fitatomgy mc tbf ivytmefz oy izotoial tm tbf yviifyy mc

tbf ~zm`fit' Tm fgyvzf tbat tbf qvalot fr~fitatomgy azf ilfazl dfcogfd agd

iag zfaymgajl jf aibofsfd, a Qvalot ^lag oy dmivefgtfd' Tbf Qvalot ^lag0

Dfcogfy {bat qvalot efagy og tfzey mc tboy ~zm`fit

Loyty ilfaz agd vgaejokvmvy qvalot tazkfty cmz faib dflosfzajlf' Faib

qvalot tazkft ~zmsodfy a yft mc izotfzoa agd ytagdazdy {boib evyt jf

aibofsfd tm efft tbf fr~fitatomgy mc tbf ivytmefz

Mvtlogfy a ~lag mc aitosotofy {boib {oll ayyvzf tbf ivytmefz tbat tbf

qvalot tazkfty {oll jf eft "o'f' a Qvalot Ayyvzagif ^lag/

Odfgtocofy tbf tfibgoqvfy vyfd tm imgtzml tbf aitval lfsfl mc qvalot mcfaib dflosfzajlf ay ot oy jvolt "o'f' a Qvalot Imgtzml ^lag/'

Cogall, ot oy oe~mztagt tm zfsof{ tbf qvalot gmt mgl mc tbf dflosfzajlfy

~zmdvifd j tbf ~zm`fit jvt alym mc tbf eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy {boib

~zmdvif tbfe' A yveeaz mc faib mc tbf eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy vgdfztahfg

dvzogk tbf frfivtomg ~bayf oy odfgtocofd, ogilvdogk Toef, Imyt, Qvalot,

Ibagkf, Zoyh, Oyyvf, ^zmivzfefgt, Aiif~tagif agd ImeevgoiatomgyEagakfefgt'

:'6 Dfsflm~ Zoyh ^lagTbf cmzfyffajlf ~zm`fit zoyhy azf tbfg dmivefgtfd {otbog a Zoyh ^lag agd a

yft mc aitomgy tm jf tahfg cmzevlatfd tm jmtb ~zfsfgt faib zoyh czme

miivzzogk agd zfdvif tbf oe~ait mc tbf zoyh ybmvld ot fsfgtvatf' Dfsflm~ogk

a ilfaz Zoyh ^lag oy ag oe~mztagt aitosot {otbog tbf ~laggogk ~bayf ay ot oy

gfifyyaz tm eotokatf all izotoial ~zm`fit zoyhy ~zomz tm fgtfzogk tbf Frfivtomg

~bayf mc tbf ~zm`fit'


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:'3 Dfsflm~ Aiif~tagif ^lagTbf hf tm a yviifyycvl ~zm`fit oy kaogogk aiif~tagif czme tbf ivytmefz tbat

faib dflosfzajlf ~zmdvifd effty "mz friffdy/ boy- bfz zfqvozfefgty' Tm

ilazoc tbf izotfzoa vyfd tm `vdkf faib dflosfzajlf cmz ivytmefz aiif~tagif, ag

Aiif~tagif ^lag oy ~zmdvifd' Tbf Aiif~tagif ^lag ~zmsodfy tbf izotfzoa cmz

mjtaogogk ivytmefz aiif~tagif, a yibfdvlf mc aiif~tagif zfsof{y {otbog

{boib ivytmefz aiif~tagif {oll jf ymvkbt agd a yveeaz mc tbf ~zmifyy

vyfd tm kaog aiif~tagif mc faib dflosfzajlf czme tbf ivytmefz'

:'; Dfsflm~ Imeevgoiatomgy ^lag^zomz tm tbf Frfivtomg ~bayf, ot oy alym gfifyyaz tm odfgtoc bm{ faib mc tbf

ytahfbmldfzy {oll jf hf~t ogcmzefd mc tbf ~zmkzfyy mc tbf ~zm`fit' Tbf

Imeevgoiatomgy ^lag odfgtocofy tbf t~fy mc ogcmzeatomg tm jf doytzojvtfd,

tbf eftbmdy mc doytzojvtogk ogcmzeatomg tm ytahfbmldfzy, tbf czfqvfgi mc

doytzojvtomg agd zfy~mgyojolotofy mc faib ~fzymg og tbf ~zm`fit tfae cmz

doytzojvtogk ogcmzeatomg zfkvlazl tm ytahfbmldfzy'

:'2 Dfsflm~ ^zmivzfefgt ^lagTbf layt ~laggogk aitosot {otbog tbf ^laggogk ~bayf oy tm odfgtoc tbf

flfefgty mc tbf ^zm`fit {boib {oll jf aiqvozfd czme frtfzgal yv~~lofzy tm tbf

~zm`fit' Tbf ^zmivzfefgt ^lag ~zmsodfy a dftaolfd dfyizo~tomg mc tbf

^zmdvity "o'f' kmmdy agd yfzsoify/ tm jf ~zmivzfd czme yv~~lofzy, tbf

`vytocoiatomg cmz ~zmivzogk faib ~zmdvit frtfzgall, ay m~~myfd tm czme

{otbog tbf jvyogfyy, agd tbf yibfdvlf cmz ~zmivzfefgt' Ot alym zfcfzfgify tbf

~zmifyy cmz tbf yflfitomg mc a ~zfcfzzfd yv~~lofz "Tfgdfz ^zmifyy/ agd tbf


15/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


16

~zmifyy cmz tbf aitval mzdfz agd dflosfz mc tbf ~zmivzfd ~zmdvity

"^zmivzfefgt zmifyy/'

:'? Imgtzait Yv~~lofzyAltbmvkb frtfzgal yv~~lofzy ea jf a~~mogtfd at ag ytakf mc tbf ~zm`fit, ot

oy vyval tm a~~mogt yv~~lofzy actfz tbf ^zm`fit ^lagy basf jffg dmivefgtfd

jvt ~zomz tm tbf Frfivtomg ~bayf mc tbf ~zm`fit' Mgl at tboy ~mogt {oll tbf

^zm`fit Eagakfz basf a ilfaz odfa mc tbf zmlf mc tbf yv~~lofz agd tbf

fr~fitatomgy cmz boy-bfz dflosfz' A cmzeal Tfgdfz ^zmifyy oy ogsmhfd tm

odfgtoc a ybmzt%loyt mc ogtfzfytfd yv~~lofzy agd yflfit a ~zfcfzzfd yv~~lofz tm

efft tbf ~zmivzfefgt gffdy mc tbf ~zm`fit' Tbf Tfgdfz ^zmifyy ogsmlsfy

izfatogk a Ytatfefgt mc [mzh, a Zfqvfyt cmz Ogcmzeatomg agd Zfqvfyt cmz

^zm~myal tm mjtaog yvccoiofgt ogcmzeatomg czme faib ~mtfgtoal yv~~lofz tm

yflfit a ~zfcfzzfd yv~~lofz' Mgif a ~zfcfzzfd yv~~lofz bay jffg ibmyfg, a

Yv~~lofz Imgtzait oy akzffd cmz tbf dflosfz mc tbf zfqvoyotf ~zmdvit'

:'1>^fzcmze ^bayf Zfsof{

At tbf fgd mc tbf ^laggogk ~bayf, a ^bayf zfsof{ oy ~fzcmzefd' Tboy oy



9'^zm`fit FrfivtomgTbf Frfivtomg ~bayf oy t~oiall tbf lmgkfyt ~bayf mc tbf ~zm`fit "og tfzey

mc dvzatomg/' Ot oy tbf ~bayf {otbog {boib tbf dflosfzajlfy azf ~byoiall

imgytzvitfd agd ~zfyfgtfd tm tbf ivytmefz cmz aiif~tagif' Tm fgyvzf tbat

tbf ivytmefzy zfqvozfefgty azf eft, tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz emgotmzy agd


16/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


13

imgtzmly tbf aitosotofy, zfymvzify agd fr~fgdotvzf zfqvozfd tm jvold faib

dflosfzajlf tbzmvkbmvt tbf frfivtomg ~bayf' A gvejfz mc eagakfefgt

~zmifyyfy azf alym vgdfztahfg tm fgyvzf tbat tbf ~zm`fit ~zmiffdy ay

~laggfd'

9'1 Jvold DflosfzajlfyTboy ~bayf zfqvozfy tbf ~byoial

imgytzvitomg mc faib dflosfzajlf cmz

aiif~tagif j tbf ivytmefz' Tbf

aitval aitosotofy vgdfztahfg tm

imgytzvit faib dflosfzajlf {oll saz,

df~fgdogk mg tbf t~f mc ~zm`fit

"f'k' fgkogffzogk, jvoldogk

dfsflm~efgt, ime~vtfz

ogczaytzvitvzf mz jvyogfyy ~zmifyy

zf%fgkogffzogk ~zm`fity/'

Dflosfzajlfy ea jf imgytzvitfd og

a {atfzcall caybomg "{bfzf faib

aitosot oy vgdfztahfg og yfqvfgif

vgtol tbf dflosfzajlf oy cogoybfd/ mz

ag otfzatosf caybomg "{bfzf otfzatomgy mc faib dflosfzajlf azf imgytzvitfd

vgtol tbf dflosfzajlf effty tbf zfqvozfefgty mc tbf ivytmefz/' Zfkazdlfyy

mc tbf eftbmd vyfd tm imgytzvit faib dflosfzajlf, iazfcvl emgotmzogk agd

imgtzml ~zmifyyfy ybmvld jf fe~lmfd tm fgyvzf tbat tbf qvalot mc tbf

cogal dflosfzajlf effty tbf aiif~tagif izotfzoa yft j tbf ivytmefz'


17/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


1;

9': Emgotmz agd Imgtzml [bolyt tbf ^zm`fit Tfae azf ~byoiall ~zmdviogk faib dflosfzajlf, tbf

^zm`fit Eagakfz oe~lfefgty a yfzofy mc eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy tm

emgotmz agd imgtzml tbf aitosotofy jfogk vgdfztahfg'

Ag msfzsof{ mc faib eagakfefgt ~zmifyy cmllm{y'

Toef EagakfefgtToef Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy {otbog {boib toef y~fgt j ytacc

vgdfztahogk ~zm`fit tayhy oy zfimzdfd akaogyt tbf ~zm`fit' Ay toef oy a yiazif

zfymvzif mg ~zm`fity, ot oy oe~mztagt tm zfimzd tbf toef y~fgt j faib

efejfz mc tbf tfae mg a Toefybfft tm fgajlf tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz tm

imgtzml tbf lfsfl mc zfymvzif allmiatfd tm a ~aztoivlaz aitosot' A Toefybfft

Zfkoytfz ~zmsodfy a yveeaz mc tbf toef ivzzfgtl y~fgt mg tbf ~zm`fit agd

fgajlfy tbf ^zm`fit ^lag tm jf hf~t cvll v~ tm datf'

Imyt Eagakfefgt

Imyt Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib imyty "mz fr~fgyfy/ ogivzzfd mgtbf ~zm`fit azf cmzeall odfgtocofd, a~~zmsfd agd ~aod' Fr~fgyf Cmzey azf

ime~lftfd cmz faib yft mc zflatfd ~zm`fit fr~fgyfy yvib ay lajmz, fqvo~efgt

agd eatfzoaly imyty' Fr~fgyf Cmzey azf a~~zmsfd j tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz

agd zfimzdfd {otbog ag Fr~fgyf Zfkoytfz cmz avdot ~vz~myfy'

Qvalot Eagakfefgt

Qvalot oy dfcogfd ay tbf lfsfl mc imgcmzeagif mc tbf cogal dflosfzajlf tm tbf

ivytmefzy zfqvozfefgty' Qvalot Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib tbf

qvalot mc tbf dflosfzajlfy oy ayyvzfd agd imgtzmllfd cmz tbf ~zm`fit, vyogk


18/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


12

Qvalot Ayyvzagif agd Qvalot Imgtzml tfibgoqvfy' Qvalot zfsof{y azf

czfqvfgtl vgdfztahfg agd tbf zfyvlty zfimzdfd {otbog a Qvalot Zfkoytfz'

Ibagkf EagakfefgtIbagkf Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib ibagkfy tm tbf ~zm`fity yim~f,

dflosfzajlfy, toefyialfy mz zfymvzify azf cmzeall dfcogfd, fsalvatfd agd

a~~zmsfd ~zomz tm oe~lfefgtatomg' A imzf ay~fit mc tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfzy

zmlf oy tm eagakf ibagkf {otbog tbf ~zm`fit yviifyycvll' Tboy oy aibofsfd j

vgdfzytagdogk tbf jvyogfyy agd yytfe dzosfzy zfqvozogk tbf ibagkf,

dmivefgtogk tbf jfgfcoty agd imyty mc adm~togk tbf ibagkf agd cmzevlatogk

a ytzvitvzfd ~lag cmz oe~lfefgtogk tbf ibagkf' Tm cmzeall zfqvfyt a ibagkf

ot oy mctfg gfifyyaz tm ime~lftf a Ibagkf Cmze' Tbf ibagkf zfqvfyt dftaoly

ea tbfg jf zfimzdfd {otbog a Ibagkf Zfkoytfz'

Zoyh EagakfefgtZoyh Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib zoyhy tm tbf ~zm`fit "f'k' tm tbf

yim~f, dflosfzajlfy, toefyialfy mz zfymvzify/ azf cmzeall odfgtocofd,qvagtocofd agd eagakfd dvzogk tbf ~zm`fit' A ~zm`fit zoyh ea jf odfgtocofd

at ag ytakf mc tbf ~zm`fit j ime~lftogk a Zoyh Cmze agd zfimzdogk tbf

zflfsagt zoyh dftaoly {otbog tbf Zoyh Zfkoytfz'

Oyyvf EagakfefgtOyyvf Eagakfefgt oy tbf eftbmd j {boib oyyvfy ivzzfgtl accfitogk tbf

ajolot mc tbf ~zm`fit tm ~zmdvif tbf zfqvozfd dflosfzajlf azf cmzeall

eagakfd' Actfz ime~lftomg mc ag Oyyvf Cmze "agd lmkkogk tbf dftaoly {otbog

tbf Oyyvf Zfkoytfz/, faib oyyvf oy fsalvatfd j tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz agd a yft

mc aitomgy vgdfztahfg tm zfymlsf tbf oyyvf at bagd'


19/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


1?

^zmivzfefgt Eagakfefgt^zmivzfefgt Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib ~zmdvit oy ymvzifd czme

ag frtfzgal yv~~lofz' Tm zfqvfyt tbf dflosfz mc ~zmdvit czme a yv~~lofz, a

^vzibayf Mzdfz evyt jf a~~zmsfd j tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz agd yfgt tm tbfyv~~lofz cmz imgcozeatomg' Tbf ytatvy mc tbf ~vzibayf oy tbfg tzaihfd vyogk a

^zmivzfefgt Zfkoytfz vgtol tbf ~zmdvit bay jffg dflosfzfd agd aiif~tfd j

tbf ~zm`fit tfae'

Aiif~tagif EagakfefgtAiif~tagif Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib dflosfzajlfy ~zmdvifd j

tbf ~zm`fit azf zfsof{fd agd aiif~tfd j tbf ivytmefz ay efftogk boy-bfz

y~fiocoi zfqvozfefgty' Tm zfqvfyt tbf aiif~tagif mc a dflosfzajlf j tbf

ivytmefz, ag Aiif~tagif Cmze oy ime~lftfd' Tbf Aiif~tagif Cmze

dfyizojfy tbf izotfzoa czme {boib tbf dflosfzajlf bay jffg ~zmdvifd agd tbf

lfsfl mc yatoycaitomg mc faib izotfzomg loytfd'

Imeevgoiatomgy EagakfefgtImeevgoiatomgy Eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy j {boib cmzeal

imeevgoiatomgy efyyakfy azf odfgtocofd, izfatfd, zfsof{fd agd

imeevgoiatfd {otbog a ~zm`fit' Tbf emyt imeemg eftbmd mc

imeevgoiatogk tbf ytatvy mc tbf ~zm`fit oy soa a ^zm`fit Ytatvy Zf~mzt' Faib

imeevgoiatomg otfe zflfayfd tm tbf ~zm`fit ytahfbmldfzy oy ia~tvzfd {otbog

a Imeevgoiatomgy Zfkoytfz'

9'9 ^fzcmze ^bayf Zfsof{ At tbf fgd mc tbf Frfivtomg ^bayf, a ^bayf zfsof{ oy ~fzcmzefd' Tboy oy




20/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


:>

4' zm`fit IlmyvzfCmllm{ogk tbf ime~lftomg mc all ~zm`fit dflosfzajlfy agd aiif~tagif j tbf

ivytmefz, a yviifyycvl ~zm`fit {oll basf eft oty mj`fitosfy agd jf zfad cmz

cmzeal ilmyvzf' ^zm`fit Ilmyvzf oy tbf layt ~bayf og tbf ~zm`fit agd evyt

jf imgdvitfd cmzeall ym tbat tbf jvyogfyy jfgfcoty dflosfzfd j tbf

~zm`fit azf cvll zfalopfd j tbf ivytmefz'

4'1 ^fzcmze ^zm`fit Ilmyvzf^zm`fit Ilmyvzf ogsmlsfy vgdfztahogk a yfzofy mc aitosotofy tm {ogd v~ tbf~zm`fit, ogilvdogk0

Ayyfyyogk {bftbfz tbf ~zm`fit ime~lftomg izotfzoa basf jffg eftOdfgtocogk ag mvtytagdogk otfey "aitosotofy, zoyhy mz oyyvfy/

^zmdviogk a bagd%msfz ~lag tm tzagycfz tbf dflosfzajlfy tm tbfivytmefz fgsozmgefgtLoytogk tbf aitosotofy zfqvozfd tm bagd msfz dmivefgtatomg, iagiflyv~~lofz imgtzaity agd zflfayf ~zm`fit zfymvzify tm tbf jvyogfyyImeevgoiatogk ilmyvzf tm all ytahfbmldfzy agd ogtfzfytfd ~aztofy'

A ^zm`fit Ilmyvzf Zf~mzt oy yvjeottfd tm tbf Ivytmefz agd-mz ^zm`fit

Y~mgymz cmz a~~zmsal' Tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfz oy tbfg zfy~mgyojlf cmz

vgdfztahogk faib mc tbf aitosotofy odfgtocofd {otbog tbf ^zm`fit Ilmyvzf

Zf~mzt mg toef agd aiimzdogk tm jvdkft' Tbf ~zm`fit oy ilmyfd mgl {bfg all

aitosotofy odfgtocofd og tbf ^zm`fit Ilmyvzf Zf~mzt basf jffg ime~lftfd'


21/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


:1

4': Zfsof{ ^zm`fit Ime~lftomgTbf cogal aitosot vgdfztahfg mg ag ~zm`fit oy a zfsof{ mc oty msfzall yviifyy

j ag ogdf~fgdfgt zfymvzif' Yviifyy oy dftfzeogfd j bm{ {fll ot ~fzcmzefd

akaogyt tbf dfcogfd mj`fitosfy agd imgcmzefd tm tbf eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy

mvtlogfd og tbf ~laggogk ~bayf' Tm dftfzeogf ~fzcmzeagif, a gvejfz mc

qvfytomgy azf ~myfd' Cmz frae~lf0

Dod ot zfyvlt og tbf jfgfcoty dfcogfd og tbf Jvyogfyy Iayf=Dod ot aibofsf tbf mj`fitosfy mvtlogfd og tbf ^zm`fit Ibaztfz=Dod ot m~fzatf {otbog tbf yim~f mc tbf ^zm`fit Ibaztfz=

Dod tbf dflosfzajlfy efft tbf izotfzoa dfcogfd og tbf Qvalot ^lag=[ay ot dflosfzfd {otbog tbf yibfdvlf mvtlogfd og tbf ^zm`fit ^lag=[ay ot dflosfzfd {otbog tbf jvdkft mvtlogfd og tbf Cogagioal ^lag=

Tm dftfzeogf imgcmzeagif, a zfsof{ oy vgdfztahfg mc tbf lfsfl mc imgcmzeot

mc tbf ~zm`fit aitosotofy tm tbf eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy mvtlogfd og tbf Qvalot

^lag' Tbf ajmsf zfyvlty, hf aibofsfefgty agd lfyymgy lfazgt azf

dmivefgtfd {otbog a ^myt Oe~lfefgtatomg Zfsof{ zf~mzt agd ~zfyfgtfd tm

tbf ^zm`fit Y~mgymz cmz a~~zmsal'

Zfcfzfgify0

{{{'yizojd'ime

{{{'eftbmd1:9'ime

Cvgdaefgtaly mc ^zm`fit Eagakfefgt j @aefy Lf{oy

^zm`fit Eagakfefgt AOMV

))))))))))))))))))))
http://www.scribd.com/http://www.scribd.com/http://www.method123.com/http://www.method123.com/http://www.method123.com/http://www.scribd.com/


22/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


::

QVFYTOMG :Fsfz jvyogfyy aitosot ay iazzofd mvt cmz

~zmcot eahogk agd mgf mc tbf ~zogio~lfy mc

~zmcot eahogk oy imyt eogoeopatomg agd

fccfitosf imyt eagakfefgt' All tbf jvyogfyyaitosotofy gffd ytzmgk cogagioal yv~~mzt cmz oty

yemmtb agd fccfitosf ime~lftomg' Cogagioal

zfymvzify azf tbf hf caitmzy aemgk all tbf

kosfg zfymvzif mc ag jvyogfyy mzkagopatomg,tbfzfcmzf tbf yviifyy mc a ~zm`fit df~fgdy mg

fccfitosf imyt eagakfefgt' _mv azf zfqvozfd

tm {zotf a dftaolfd gmtf mg ~zm`fit imyt

eagakfefgt'

":>/


23/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


:9

zm`fit Imyt Eagakfefgt ogilvdfy tbf ~zmifyyfy zfqvozfd tm fgyvzf

tbat tbf ~zm`fit oy ime~lftfd {otbog tbf a~~zmsfd jvdkft'

Imyt oy mgf mc tbf tbzff ~ollazy yv~~mztogk ~zm`fit yviifyy mz caolvzf, tbf mtbfz

t{m jfogk yibfdvlf agd ~fzcmzeagif' ^zm`fity tbat km yokgocoiagtl msfz

jvdkft azf mctfg tfzeogatfd {otbmvt aibofsogk tbf ~zm`fit kmaly jfiavyf

ytahfbmldfzy yoe~l zvg mvt mc emgf mz ~fzifosf addotomgal fr~fgdotvzfy ay

tbzm{ogk kmmd emgf actfz jad' ^zm`fity tbat yta {otbog jvdkft azf tbf

frif~tomg, gmt tbf zvlf' A ~zm`fit eagakfz {bm iag imgtzml imyty {bolf

aibofsogk ~fzcmzeagif agd yibfdvlf kmaly ybmvld jf sof{fd ay ymef{bat mc

a bfzm, fy~fioall {bfg {f imgyodfz tbat imyt, ~fzcmzeagif, agd yibfdvlf azf

ilmyfl ogtfzzflatfd'

Imyt eagakfefgt imgyoyty mc tbf cmvz eaog aitosotofy mz ~zmifyyfy ay ybm{gog Cokvzf jflm{'

1' Zfymvzif ^laggogk0 dftfzeogogk {bat zfymvzify "~fm~lf, fqvo~efgt,

eatfzoaly/ agd {bat qvagtotofy mc faib ybmvld jf vyfd tm ~fzcmze

~zm`fit aitosotofy'

:' Imyt Fytoeatogk0 dfsflm~ogk ag a~~zmroeatomg "fytoeatf/ mc tbf imyty

mc tbf zfymvzify gffdfd tm ime~lftf ~zm`fit aitosotofy'9' Imyt Jvdkftogk0 allmiatogk tbf msfzall imyt fytoeatf tm ogdosodval

{mzh otfey'

4' Imyt Imgtzml0 imgtzmllogk ibagkfy tm tbf ~zm`fit jvdkft'

^ZM@FIT IMYT EAGAKFEFGT


24/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


:4

Cok0 Imyt Eagakfefgt ^zmifyy

Tbfyf ~zmifyyfy ogtfzait {otb faib mtbfz agd {otb tbf ~zmifyyfy og tbf mtbfz

hgm{lfdkf azfay ay {fll' Faib ~zmifyy ea ogsmlsf fccmzt czme mgf mz emzf

ogdosodvaly mz kzmv~y mc ogdosodvaly jayfd mg tbf gffdy mc tbf ~zm`fit' Faib

~zmifyy kfgfzall miivzy at lfayt mgif og fsfz ~zm`fit ~bayf'^zm`fit imyt eagakfefgt oy ~zoeazol imgifzgfd {otb tbf imyt mc tbf

zfymvzify gffdfd tm ime~lftf ~zm`fit aitosotofy' Bm{fsfz, ~zm`fit imyt

eagakfefgt ybmvld alym imgyodfz tbf fccfit mc ~zm`fit dfioyomgy mg tbf imyt

mc vyogk tbf ~zm`fit ~zmdvit' Cmz frae~lf, loeotogk tbf gvejfz mc dfyokg

zfsof{y ea zfdvif tbf imyt mc tbf ~zm`fit at tbf fr~fgyf mc ag ogizfayf og

tbf ivytmefzy m~fzatogk imyty' Tboy jzmadfz sof{ mc ~zm`fit imyteagakfefgt oy mctfg iallfd locf%iilf imytogk'

Mg ymef ~zm`fity, fy~fioall yeallfz mgfy, zfymvzif ~laggogk, imyt

fytoeatogk, agd imyt jvdkftogk azf ym tokbtl loghfd tbat tbf azf sof{fd ay a

yogklf ~zmifyy "f'k', tbf ea jf ~fzcmzefd j a yogklf ogdosodval msfz a

zflatosfl ybmzt ~fzomd mc toef/' Tbf azf ~zfyfgtfd bfzf ay doytogit ~zmifyyfy

jfiavyf tbf tmmly agd tfibgoqvfy cmz faib azf doccfzfgt'

1' Zfymvzif laggogkZfymvzif ~laggogk ogsmlsfy dftfzeogogk {bat ~byoial zfymvzify "~fm~lf,

fqvo~efgt, eatfzoaly/ agd {bat qvagtotofy mc faib ybmvld jf vyfd tm


25/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


:6

~fzcmze ~zm`fit aitosotofy' Ot evyt jf ilmyfl immzdogatfd {otb imyt

fytoeatogk' Cmz frae~lf0

A imgytzvitomg ~zm`fit tfae {oll gffd tm jf caeoloaz {otb lmial jvoldogk

imdfy' Yvib hgm{lfdkf oy mctfg zfadol asaolajlf at soztvall gm imyt jvyogk lmial lajmz' Bm{fsfz, oc tbf lmial lajmz ~mml laihy fr~fzofgif {otb

vgvyval mz y~fioalopfd imgytzvitomg tfibgoqvfy, tbf addotomgal imyt cmz

a imgyvltagt eokbt jf tbf emyt fccfitosf {a tm yfivzf hgm{lfdkf mc

tbf lmial jvoldogk imdfy'

Ag avtmemtosf dfyokg tfae ybmvld jf caeoloaz {otb tbf latfyt og

avtmeatfd ayyfejl tfibgoqvfy' Tbf zfqvoyotf hgm{lfdkf eokbt jf

mjtaogfd j bozogk a imgyvltagt, j yfgdogk a dfyokgfz tm a yfeogaz mg

zmjmtoiy, mz j ogilvdogk ymefmgf czme eagvcaitvzogk ay a efejfz mctbf tfae'

1'1 Og~vty tm Zfymvzif ^laggogk 1' [mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf' Tbf {mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf "[JY/

odfgtocofy tbf ~zm`fit flfefgty tbat {oll gffd zfymvzify agd tbvy oy tbf~zoeaz og~vt tm zfymvzif ~laggogk' Ag zflfsagt mvt~vty czme mtbfz

~laggogk ~zmifyyfy ybmvld jf ~zmsodfd tbzmvkb tbf [JY tm fgyvzf ~zm~fz

imgtzml'


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:3

:' Boytmzoial ogcmzeatomg' Boytmzoial ogcmzeatomg zfkazdogk {bat t~fy mc

zfymvzify {fzf zfqvozfd cmz yoeolaz {mzh mg ~zfsomvy ~zm`fity ybmvld jf vyfd

oc asaolajlf'

9' Yim~f ytatfefgt' Tbf yim~f ytatfefgt imgtaogy tbf ~zm`fit `vytocoiatomg

agd tbf ~zm`fit mj`fitosfy, jmtb mc {boib ybmvld jf imgyodfzfd fr~loiotl

dvzogk zfymvzif ~laggogk'

4' Zfymvzif ~mml dfyizo~tomg' Hgm{lfdkf mc {bat zfymvzify "~fm~lf,

fqvo~efgt, eatfzoal/ azf ~mtfgtoall asaolajlf oy gfifyyaz cmz zfymvzif

~laggogk' Tbf aemvgt mc dftaol agd tbf lfsfl mc y~fiocoiot mc tbf zfymvzif

~mml dfyizo~tomg {oll saz' Cmz frae~lf, dvzogk tbf fazl ~bayfy mc ag

fgkogffzogk dfyokg ~zm`fit, tbf ~mml ea ogilvdf `vgomz agd yfgomz

fgkogffzy og lazkf gvejfzy' Dvzogk latfz ~bayfy mc tbf yaef ~zm`fit,

bm{fsfz, tbf ~mml ea jf loeotfd tm tbmyf ogdosodvaly {bm azf

hgm{lfdkfajlf ajmvt tbf ~zm`fit ay a zfyvlt mc basogk {mzhfd mg tbf fazlofz

~bayfy'

6' Mzkagopatomgal ~mloiofy' Tbf ~mloiofy mc tbf ~fzcmzeogk mzkagopatomg

zfkazdogk ytaccogk agd tbf zfgtal mz ~vzibayf mc yv~~lofy agd fqvo~efgt

evyt jf imgyodfzfd dvzogk zfymvzif ~laggogk'

1': Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Zfymvzif ^laggogk 1' Fr~fzt `vdkefgt' Fr~fzt `vdkefgt {oll mctfg jf zfqvozfd tm ayyfyy tbf

og~vty tm tboy ~zmifyy' Yvib fr~fztoyf ea jf ~zmsodfd j ag kzmv~ mz

ogdosodval {otb y~fioalopfd hgm{lfdkf mz tzaogogk agd oy asaolajlf czme eag

ymvzify ogilvdogk0

Mtbfz vgoty {otbog tbf ~fzcmzeogk mzkagopatomg'

Imgyvltagty'

^zmcfyyomgal agd tfibgoial ayymioatomgy'Ogdvytz kzmv~y'

:'Altfzgatosfy odfgtocoiatomg'


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:;

1'9 Mvt~vty czme Zfymvzif ^laggogkZfymvzif zfqvozfefgty' Tbf mvt~vt mc tbf zfymvzif ~laggogk ~zmifyy oy a

dfyizo~tomg mc {bat t~fy mc zfymvzify azf zfqvozfd agd og {bat qvagtotofy cmz

faib flfefgt mc tbf {mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf' Tbfyf zfymvzify {oll jfmjtaogfd fotbfz tbzmvkb ytacc aiqvoyotomg mz ~zmivzfefgt'

:' Imyt FytoeatogkImyt fytoeatogk ogsmlsfy dfsflm~ogk ag a~~zmroeatomg "fytoeatf/ mc tbf imyty

mc tbf zfymvzify gffdfd tm ime~lftf ~zm`fit aitosotofy'

[bfg a ~zm`fit oy ~fzcmzefd vgdfz imgtzait, iazf ybmvld jf tahfg tm

doytogkvoyb imyt fytoeatogk czme ~zoiogk' Imyt fytoeatogk ogsmlsfy

dfsflm~ogk ag ayyfyyefgt mc tbf lohfl qvagtotatosf zfyvltbm{ evib {oll ot

imyt tbf ~fzcmzeogk mzkagopatomg tm ~zmsodf tbf ~zmdvit mz yfzsoif ogsmlsfd'

^zoiogk oy a jvyogfyy dfioyomgbm{ evib {oll tbf ~fzcmzeogk mzkagopatomg

ibazkf cmz tbf ~zmdvit mz yfzsoiftbat vyfy tbf imyt fytoeatf ay jvt mgf

imgyodfzatomg mc eag'

Imyt fytoeatogk ogilvdfy odfgtocogk agd imgyodfzogk sazomvy imytogk

altfzgatosfy' Cmz frae~lf, og emyt a~~loiatomg azfay, addotomgal {mzh dvzogk

a dfyokg ~bayf oy {odfl bfld tm basf tbf ~mtfgtoal cmz zfdviogk tbf imyt mc

tbf ~zmdvitomg ~bayf' Tbf imyt fytoeatogk ~zmifyy evyt imgyodfz {bftbfz

tbf imyt mc tbf addotomgal dfyokg {mzh {oll mccyft tbf fr~fitfd yasogky'


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:2

:'1 Og~vty tm Imyt Fytoeatogk1' [mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf0 Ot {oll jf vyfd tm mzkagopf tbf imyt

fytoeatfy agd tm fgyvzf tbat all odfgtocofd {mzh bay jffg fytoeatfd'

:' Zfymvzif zfqvozfefgty0

9' Zfymvzif zatfy0 Tbf ogdosodval mz kzmv~ ~zf~azogk tbf fytoeatfy evyt

hgm{ tbf vgot zatfy "f'k', ytacc imyt ~fz bmvz, jvlh eatfzoal imyt ~fz ivjoi

azd/ cmz faib zfymvzif og mzdfz tm ialivlatf ~zm`fit imyty' Oc aitval zatfy azf

gmt hgm{g, tbf zatfy tbfeyflsfy ea basf tm jf fytoeatfd'

4' Aitosot dvzatomg fytoeatfy0 Aitosot dvzatomg fytoeatfy {oll accfit imyt

fytoeatfy mg ag ~zm`fit {bfzf tbf ~zm`fit jvdkft ogilvdfy ag allm{agif cmz

tbf imyt mc cogagiogk "o'f', ogtfzfyt ibazkfy/'

6' Boytmzoial ogcmzeatomg0 Ogcmzeatomg mg tbf imyt mc eag iatfkmzofy mc

zfymvzify oy mctfg asaolajlf czme mgf mz emzf mc tbf cmllm{ogk ymvzify0

^zm`fit colfymgf mz emzf mc tbf mzkagopatomgy ogsmlsfd og tbf ~zm`fit

ea eaogtaog zfimzdy mc ~zfsomvy ~zm`fit zfyvlty tbat azf dftaolfd

fgmvkb tm aod og dfsflm~ogk imyt fytoeatfy' Og ymef a~~loiatomg azfay,

ogdosodval tfae efejfzy ea eaogtaog yvib zfimzdy'

Imeefzioal imyt fytoeatogk datajayfyboytmzoial ogcmzeatomg oy mctfgasaolajlf imeefzioall'

^zm`fit tfae hgm{lfdkftbf ogdosodval efejfzy mc tbf ~zm`fit tfae

ea zfefejfz ~zfsomvy aitval mz fytoeatfy' [bolf yvib zfimllfitomgy

ea jf vyfcvl, tbf azf kfgfzall caz lfyy zfloajlf tbag dmivefgtfd

zfyvlty'


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:?

3' Ibazt mc aiimvgty0 A ibazt mc aiimvgty dfyizojfy tbf imdogk ytzvitvzf

vyfd j tbf ~fzcmzeogk mzkagopatomg tm zf~mzt cogagioal ogcmzeatomg og oty

kfgfzal lfdkfz' ^zm`fit imyt fytoeatfy evyt jf ayyokgfd tm tbf imzzfit

aiimvgtogk iatfkmz'

:': Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Imyt Fytoeatogk 1' Agalmkmvy fytoeatogk0 Agalmkmvy fytoeatogk, alym iallfd tm~%dm{g

fytoeatogk, efagy vyogk tbf aitval imyt mc a ~zfsomvy, yoeolaz ~zm`fit ay tbf

jayoy cmz fytoeatogk tbf imyt mc tbf ivzzfgt ~zm`fit' Ot oy czfqvfgtl vyfd tm

fytoeatf tmtal ~zm`fit imyty {bfg tbfzf oy a loeotfd aemvgt mc dftaolfd

ogcmzeatomg ajmvt tbf ~zm`fit "f'k', og tbf fazl ~bayfy/' Agalmkmvy

fytoeatogk oy a cmze mc fr~fzt `vdkefgt'

Agalmkmvy fytoeatogk oy kfgfzall lfyy imytl tbag mtbfz tfibgoqvfy, jvt ot oy

alym kfgfzall lfyy aiivzatf' Ot oy emyt zfloajlf {bfg "a/ tbf ~zfsomvy ~zm`fity

azf yoeolaz og cait agd gmt `vyt og a~~fazagif, agd "j/ tbf ogdosodvaly mz

kzmv~y ~zf~azogk tbf fytoeatfy basf tbf gffdfd fr~fztoyf'

:' ^azaeftzoi emdflogk0 ^azaeftzoi emdflogk ogsmlsfy vyogk ~zm`fit

ibazaitfzoytoiy "~azaeftfzy/ og a eatbfeatoial emdfl tm ~zfdoit ~zm`fit

imyty' Emdfly ea jf yoe~lf "zfyodfgtoal bmef imgytzvitomg {oll imyt aifztaog aemvgt ~fz yqvazf cmmt mc losogk y~aif/ mz ime~lfr "mgf emdfl mc

ymct{azf dfsflm~efgt imyty vyfy 19 yf~azatf ad`vytefgt caitmzy faib mc

{boib bay 6; ~mogty mg ot/'

Jmtb tbf imyt agd aiivzai mc ~azaeftzoi emdfly sazofy {odfl' Tbf azf

emyt lohfl tm jf zfloajlf {bfg "a/ tbf boytmzoial ogcmzeatomg vyfd tm dfsflm~

tbf emdfl {ay aiivzatf, "j/ tbf ~azaeftfzy vyfd og tbf emdfl azf zfadol

qvagtocoajlf, agd "i/ tbf emdfl oy yialajlf "o'f', ot {mzhy ay {fll cmz a sfz

lazkf ~zm`fit ay cmz a sfz yeall mgf/' 9' Jmttme%v~ fytoeatogk0 Tboy tfibgoqvf ogsmlsfy fytoeatogk tbf imyt mc

ogdosodval {mzh otfey, tbfg yveeazopogk mz zmllogk%v~ tbf ogdosodval

fytoeatfy tm kft a ~zm`fit tmtal'

Tbf imyt agd aiivzai mc jmttme%v~ fytoeatogk oy dzosfg j tbf yopf mc tbf

ogdosodval {mzh otfey0 yeallfz {mzh otfey ogizfayf jmtb imyt agd aiivzai'


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9>

Tbf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt tfae evyt {fokb tbf addotomgal aiivzai akaogyt

tbf addotomgal imyt'

4' Ime~vtfzopfd tmmly0 Ime~vtfzopfd tmmly yvib ay ~zm`fit eagakfefgt

ymct{azf agd y~zfadybffty azf {odfl vyfd tm ayyoyt {otb imyt fytoeatogk'

Yvib ~zmdvity iag yoe~loc tbf vyf mc tbf tmmly dfyizojfd ajmsf agd tbfzfj

caiolotatf za~od imgyodfzatomg mc eag imytogk altfzgatosfy'

:'9 Mvt~vty czme Imyt Fytoeatogk1' Imyt fytoeatfy0 Imyt fytoeatfy azf qvagtotatosf ayyfyyefgty mc tbf lohfl

imyty mc tbf zfymvzify zfqvozfd tm ime~lftf ~zm`fit aitosotofy' Tbf ea jf

~zfyfgtfd og yveeaz mz og dftaol'

Imyty evyt jf fytoeatfd cmz all zfymvzify tbat {oll jf ibazkfd tm tbf ~zm`fit'

Tboy ogilvdfy, jvt oy gmt loeotfd tm, lajmz, eatfzoaly, yv~~lofy, agd y~fioal

iatfkmzofy yvib ay ag ogclatomg allm{agif mz imyt zfyfzsf'

Imyt fytoeatfy azf kfgfzall fr~zfyyfd og vgoty mc ivzzfgi "dmllazy, czagiy,

fg, fti'/ og mzdfz tm caiolotatf ime~azoymgy jmtb {otbog agd aizmyy ~zm`fity'

Mtbfz vgoty yvib ay ytacc bmvzy mz ytacc day ea jf vyfd, vglfyy dmogk ym {oll

eoyytatf ~zm`fit imyty "f'k', j caologk tm doccfzfgtoatf aemgk zfymvzify {otb

sfz doccfzfgt imyty/' Og ymef iayfy, fytoeatfy {oll basf tm jf ~zmsodfd vyogkevlto~lf vgoty mc efayvzf og mzdfz tm caiolotatf a~~zm~zoatf eagakfefgt

imgtzml'

Imyt fytoeatfy ea jfgfcot czme jfogk zfcogfd dvzogk tbf imvzyf mc tbf

~zm`fit tm zfclfit tbf addotomgal dftaol asaolajlf' Og ymef a~~loiatomg azfay,

tbfzf azf kvodflogfy cmz {bfg yvib zfcogfefgty ybmvld jf eadf agd {bat

dfkzff mc aiivzai oy fr~fitfd'

:' Yv~~mztogk dftaol0 Yv~~mztogk dftaol cmz tbf imyt fytoeatfy ybmvld

ogilvdf0A dfyizo~tomg mc tbf yim~f mc {mzh fytoeatfd' Tboy oy mctfg ~zmsodfd j

a zfcfzfgif tm tbf [JY'

Dmivefgtatomg mc tbf jayoy cmz tbf fytoeatf, o'f', bm{ ot {ay

dfsflm~fd'

Dmivefgtatomg mc ag ayyve~tomgy eadf'


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91

Ag ogdoiatomg mc tbf zagkf mc ~myyojlf zfyvlty, cmz frae~lf, $1>,>>>

$1,>>> tm ogdoiatf tbat tbf otfe oy fr~fitfd tm imyt jft{ffg $?,>>> agd

$11,>>>'

Tbf aemvgt agd t~f mc addotomgal dftaol sazofy j a~~loiatomg azfa'

Zftaogogk fsfg zmvkb gmtfy ea ~zmsf salvajlf j ~zmsodogk a jfttfz

vgdfzytagdogk mc bm{ tbf fytoeatf {ay dfsflm~fd'

9' Imyt eagakfefgt ~lag0 Tbf imyt eagakfefgt ~lag dfyizojfy bm{ imyt

sazoagify {oll jf eagakfd "f'k', doccfzfgt zfy~mgyfy tm ea`mz ~zmjlfey tbag

tm eogmz mgfy/' A imyt eagakfefgt ~lag ea jf cmzeal mz ogcmzeal, bokbl

dftaolfd mz jzmadl czaefd jayfd mg tbf gffdy mc tbf ~zm`fit ytahfbmldfzy' Ot

oy a yvjyodoaz flfefgt mc tbf msfzall ~zm`fit ~lag'

9' Imyt JvdkftogkImyt jvdkftogk ogsmlsfy allmiatogk tbf msfzall imyt fytoeatfy tm ogdosodval

{mzh otfey og mzdfz tm fytajloyb a imyt jayflogf cmz efayvzogk ~zm`fit

~fzcmzeagif'

9'1 Og~vty tm Imyt Jvdkftogk1' Imyt fytoeatfy'

:' [mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf' Tbf {mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf odfgtocofy

tbf ~zm`fit flfefgty tbat imyty {oll jf allmiatfd tm'

9' ^zm`fit yibfdvlf' Tbf ~zm`fit yibfdvlf ogilvdfy ~laggfd ytazt agd

fr~fitfd cogoyb datfy cmz tbf ~zm`fit flfefgty tbat imyty {oll jf allmiatfd tm'


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9:

Tboy ogcmzeatomg oy gffdfd og mzdfz tm ayyokg imyty tm tbf toef ~fzomd {bfg

tbf imyt {oll jf ogivzzfd'

9': Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Imyt Jvdkftogk1' Imyt fytoeatogk tmmly agd tfibgoqvfy0 Tbf tmmly agd tfibgoqvfy alzfad

dfyizojfd vyfd cmz dfsflm~ogk ~zm`fit imyt fytoeatfy azf vyfd tm dfsflm~

jvdkfty cmz {mzh otfey ay {fll'

9'9 Mvt~vty czme Imyt Jvdkftogk1' Imyt jayflogf0 Tbf imyt jayflogf oy a toef%~bayfd jvdkft tbat {oll jf vyfd

tm efayvzf agd emgotmz imyt ~fzcmzeagif mg tbf ~zm`fit' Ot oy dfsflm~fd jyveeogk fytoeatfd imyty j ~fzomd agd oy vyvall doy~lafd og tbf cmze mc ag

Y%ivzsf, ay ollvytzatfd og Cokvzf'

Eag ~zm`fity, fy~fioall lazkfz mgfy, ea basf evlto~lf imyt jayflogfy tm

efayvzf doccfzfgt ay~fity mc imyt ~fzcmzeagif' Cmz frae~lf, a y~fgdogk ~lag

mz iayb clm{ cmzfiayt oy a imyt jayflogf cmz efayvzogk doyjvzyfefgty'


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99

4' Imyt ImgtzmlImyt imgtzml oy imgifzgfd {otb "a/ ogclvfgiogk tbf caitmzy {boib izfatf

ibagkfy tm tbf imyt jayflogf tm fgyvzf tbat ibagkfy azf jfgfcoioal, "j/dftfzeogogk tbat tbf imyt jayflogf bay ibagkfd, agd "i/ eagakogk tbf aitval

ibagkfy {bfg agd ay tbf miivz' Imyt imgtzml ogilvdfy0

Emgotmzogk imyt ~fzcmzeagif tm dftfit sazoagify czme ~lag'

Fgyvzogk tbat all a~~zm~zoatf ibagkfy azf zfimzdfd aiivzatfl og tbf

imyt jayflogf'

^zfsfgtogk ogimzzfit, oga~~zm~zoatf, mz vgavtbmzopfd ibagkfy czmejfogk ogilvdfd og tbf imyt jayflogf'

Ogcmzeogk a~~zm~zoatf ytahfbmldfzy mc avtbmzopfd ibagkfy'

Imyt imgtzml ogilvdfy yfazibogk mvt tbf {by mc jmtb ~myotosf agd gfkatosf

Sazoagify' Ot evyt jf tbmzmvkbl ogtfkzatfd {otb tbf mtbfz imgtzml ~zmifyyfy

"yim~f ibagkf imgtzml, yibfdvlf imgtzml, qvalot imgtzml/' Cmz frae~lf,

oga~~zm~zoatf zfy~mgyfy tm imyt sazoagify iag iavyf qvalot mz yibfdvlf~zmjlfey mz ~zmdvif ag vgaiif~tajlf lfsfl mc zoyh latfz og tbf ~zm`fit'


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94

4'1 Og~vty tm Imyt Imgtzml1' Imyt jayflogf'

:' ^fzcmzeagif zf~mzty0 ^fzcmzeagif zf~mzty ~zmsodf ogcmzeatomg mg imyt

~fzcmzeagif yvib ay {boib jvdkfty basf jffg eft agd {boib basf gmt'^fzcmzeagif zf~mzty ea alym alfzt tbf ~zm`fit tfae tm oyyvfy {boib ea

iavyf ~zmjlfey og tbf cvtvzf'

9' Ibagkf zfqvfyty0 Ibagkf zfqvfyty ea miivz og eag cmzeymzal mz

{zottfg, dozfit mz ogdozfit, frtfzgall mz ogtfzgall ogotoatfd, agd lfkall

eagdatfd mz m~tomgal' Ibagkfy ea zfqvozf ogizfayogk tbf jvdkft mz ea

allm{ dfizfayogk ot'

4' Imyt eagakfefgt ~lag'

4': Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Imyt Imgtzml 1' Imyt ibagkf imgtzml yytfe'A imyt ibagkf imgtzml yytfe dfcogfy tbf

~zmifdvzfy j {boib tbf imyt jayflogf ea jf ibagkfd' Ot ogilvdfy tbf

~a~fz{mzh, tzaihogk yytfey, agd a~~zmsal lfsfly gfifyyaz cmz avtbmzopogk

ibagkfy' Tbf imyt ibagkf imgtzml yytfe ybmvld jf ogtfkzatfd {otb tbf

msfzall ibagkf imgtzml yytfe'

:' ^fzcmzeagif efayvzfefgt' ^fzcmzeagif efayvzfefgt tfibgoqvfy bfl~

tm ayyfyy tbf eakgotvdf mc ag sazoatomgy {boib dm miivz' Fazgfd

salvf agalyoy oy fy~fioall vyfcvl cmz imyt imgtzml' Ag oe~mztagt ~azt mc imyt

imgtzml oy tm dftfzeogf {bat oy iavyogk tbf sazoagif agd tm dfiodf oc tbf

sazoagif zfqvozfy imzzfitosf aitomg'

9' Addotomgal ~laggogk' Cf{ ~zm`fity zvg fraitl aiimzdogk tm ~lag'

^zmy~fitosf ibagkfy ea zfqvozf gf{ mz zfsoyfd imyt fytoeatfy mz agalyoy mc

altfzgatosf a~~zmaibfy' 4' Ime~vtfzopfd tmmly' Ime~vtfzopfd tmmly yvib ay ~zm`fit eagakfefgt

ymct{azf agd y~zfadybffty azf mctfg vyfd tm tzaih ~laggfd imyty sy' aitval

imyty, agd tm cmzfiayt tbf fccfity mc imyt ibagkfy'


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96

4'9 Mvt~vty czme Imyt Imgtzml 1' Zfsoyfd imyt fytoeatfy0 Zfsoyfd imyt fytoeatfy azf emdocoiatomgy tm tbf

imyt ogcmzeatomg vyfd tm eagakf tbf ~zm`fit' A~~zm~zoatf ytahfbmldfzy evyt

jf gmtocofd ay gffdfd' Zfsoyfd imyt fytoeatfy ea mz ea gmt zfqvozfad`vytefgty tm mtbfz ay~fity mc tbf msfzall ~zm`fit ~lag'

:' Jvdkft v~datfy0 Jvdkft v~datfy azf a y~fioal iatfkmz mc zfsoyfd imyt

fytoeatfy' Jvdkft v~datfy azf ibagkfy tm ag a~~zmsfd imyt jayflogf' Tbfyf

gvejfzy azf kfgfzall zfsoyfd mgl og zfy~mgyf tm yim~f ibagkfy' Og ymef

iayfy, imyt sazoagify eajf ym yfsfzf tbat zfjayflogogk oy gffdfd og mzdfz

tm ~zmsodf a zfaloytoi efayvzf mc ~fzcmzeagif'

9' Imzzfitosf aitomg0 Imzzfitosf aitomg oy agtbogk dmgf tm jzogk fr~fitfd

cvtvzf ~zm`fit ~fzcmzeagif ogtm logf {otb tbf ~zm`fit ~lag'

4' Fytoeatf at ime~lftomg0Ag fytoeatf at ime~lftomg "FAI/ oy a cmzfiayt mc

tmtal ~zm`fit imyty jayfd mg ~zm`fit ~fzcmzeagif' Tbf emyt imeemg

cmzfiaytogk tfibgoqvfy azf ymef sazoatomg mc0

FAI 5 Aitvaly tm datf ~lvy tbf zfeaogogk ~zm`fit jvdkft emdocofd j a

~fzcmzeagif caitmz, mctfg tbf imyt ~fzcmzeagif ogdfr' Tboy a~~zmaib oy

emyt mctfg vyfd {bfg ivzzfgt sazoagify azf yffg ay t~oial mc cvtvzf

sazoagify'FAI 5 Aitvaly tm datf ~lvy a gf{ fytoeatf cmz all zfeaogogk {mzh' Tboy

a~~zmaib oy emyt mctfg vyfd {bfg ~ayt ~fzcmzeagif ybm{y tbat tbf

mzokogal fytoeatogk ayyve~tomgy {fzf cvgdaefgtall cla{fd, mz tbat

tbf azf gm lmgkfz zflfsagt dvf tm a ibagkf og imgdotomgy'

FAI 5 Aitvaly tm datf ~lvy zfeaogogk jvdkft' Tboy a~~zmaib oy emyt

mctfg vyfd {bfg ivzzfgt sazoagify azf yffg ay at~oial agd tbf ~zm`fit

eagakfefgt tfaey fr~fitatomg oy tbat yoeolaz sazoagify {oll gmt miivz

og tbf cvtvzf'

Faib mc tbf ajmsf a~~zmaibfy ea jf tbf imzzfit a~~zmaib cmz ag kosfg

{mzh otfe'

6' Lfyymgy lfazgfd0 Tbf iavyfy mc sazoagify, tbf zfaymgogk jfbogd tbf

imzzfitosf aitomg ibmyfg, agd mtbfz t~fy mc lfyymgy lfazgfd czme imyt


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93

imgtzml ybmvld jf dmivefgtfd ym tbat tbf jfimef ~azt mc tbf boytmzoial

datajayf cmz jmtb tboy ~zm`fit agd mtbfz ~zm`fity mc tbf ~fzcmzeogk

mzkagopatomg'

Zfcfzfgify0

{{{'eftbmd1:9'ime

A Kvodf tm tbf ^zm`fit Eagakfefgt Jmd mc Hgm{lfdkf

Imgdfgyfd KYAE Bagdjmmh

))))))))))))))))))))
http://www.method123.com/http://www.method123.com/http://www.method123.com/


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^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


9;

QVFYTOMG 9 [zotf a dftaolfd gmtf mg ^zm`fit Qvalot

Eagakfefgt'

":>/


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92

Qvalot eagakfefgt oy tbf ~zmifyy cmz fgyvzogk tbat all ~zm`fit

aitosotofy gfifyyaz tm dfyokg, ~lag agd oe~lfefgt a ~zm`fit azf

fccfitosf agd fccoiofgt {otb zfy~fit tm tbf ~vz~myf mc tbf mj`fitosf agd

oty ~fzcmzeagif'

^zm`fit qvalot eagakfefgt "QE/ oy gmt a yf~azatf, ogdf~fgdfgt ~zmifyy

tbat miivzy at tbf fgd mc ag aitosot tm efayvzf tbf lfsfl mc qvalot mc tbf

mvt~vt' Ot oy gmt ~vzibayogk tbf emyt fr~fgyosf eatfzoal mz yfzsoify asaolajlf

mg tbf eazhft' Qvalot agd kzadf azf gmt tbf yaef, kzadf azf ibazaitfzoytoiy

mc a eatfzoal mz yfzsoif yvib ay addotomgal cfatvzfy' A ~zmdvit ea jf mc kmmd

qvalot "gm dfcfity/ agd jf mc lm{ kzadf "cf{ mz gm frtza cfatvzfy/'

Qvalot eagakfefgt oy a imgtogvmvy ~zmifyy tbat ytazty agd fgdy {otb tbf

~zm`fit' Ot oy emzf ajmvt ~zfsfgtogk agd asmodogk tbag efayvzogk agd corogk

~mmz qvalot mvt~vty' Ot oy ~azt mc fsfz ~zm`fit eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy czme

tbf emefgt tbf ~zm`fit ogotoatfy tm tbf cogal ytf~y og tbf ~zm`fit ilmyvzf

~bayf'

QE cmivyfy mg oe~zmsogk ytahfbmldfzy yatoycaitomg tbzmvkb imgtogvmvy agd

ogizfefgtal oe~zmsfefgty tm ~zmifyyfy, ogilvdogk zfemsogk vggfifyyaz

aitosotofy8 ot aibofsfy tbat j tbf imgtogvmvy oe~zmsfefgt mc tbf qvalot mc

eatfzoal agd yfzsoify ~zmsodfd tm tbf jfgfcoioazofy' Ot oy gmt ajmvt cogdogk

agd corogk fzzmzy actfz tbf cait, qvalot eagakfefgt oy tbf imgtogvmvy

emgotmzogk agd a~~loiatomg mc qvalot ~zmifyyfy og all ay~fity mc tbf ~zm`fit'

^ZM@FIT QVALOT_ EAGAKFEFGT


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^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


9?

Tbf ^vz~myf mc Eagakfefgt mc Qvalot

Qvalot eagakfefgt oy gmt ag fsfgt % ot oy a ~zmifyy, a imgyoytfgtl bokb

qvalot ~zmdvit mz yfzsoif iaggmt jf ~zmdvifd j a dfcfitosf ~zmifyy' Qvalot

eagakfefgt oy a zf~ftotosf iilf mc efayvzogk qvalot, v~datogk ~zmifyyfy,

efayvzogk, v~datogk ~zmifyyfy vgtol tbf dfyozfd qvalot oy aibofsfd'

Tbf eaog ~zogio~lf mc~zm`fit qvalot eagakfefgt oy tm fgyvzf tbf ~zm`fit

{oll efft mz friffd ytahfbmldfzy gffdy agd fr~fitatomgy' Tbf ~zm`fit tfae

evyt dfsflm~ a kmmd zflatomgybo~ {otb hf ytahfbmldfzy, y~fioall tbf dmgmz

agd tbf jfgfcoioazofy mc tbf ~zm`fit, tm vgdfzytagd {bat qvalot efagy tm

tbfe' Mgf mc tbf iavyfy cmz ~mmz ~zm`fit fsalvatomgy oy tbf ~zm`fit cmivyfy

mgl og efftogk tbf {zottfg zfqvozfefgty cmz tbf eaog mvt~vty agd okgmzfy

mtbfz ytahfbmldfz gffdy agd fr~fitatomgy cmz tbf ~zm`fit'

Qvalot evyt jf sof{fd mg ag fqval lfsfl {otb yim~f, yibfdvlf agd jvdkft' Oc

a ~zm`fit dmgmz oy gmt yatoycofd {otb tbf qvalot mc bm{ tbf ~zm`fit oy

dflosfzogk tbf mvtimefy, tbf ~zm`fit tfae {oll gffd tm eahf ad`vytefgty tm

yim~f, yibfdvlf agd jvdkft tm yatoyc tbf dmgmzy gffdy agd fr~fitatomgy' Tm

dflosfz tbf ~zm`fit yim~f mg toef agd mg jvdkft oy gmt fgmvkb, tm aibofsf

ytahfbmldfz yatoycaitomg tbf ~zm`fit evyt dfsflm~ a kmmd {mzhogk

zflatomgybo~ {otb all ytahfbmldfzy agd vgdfzytagd tbfoz ytatfd mz oe~lofd

gffdy'

^zm`fit qvalot eagakfefgt imgyoyty mc cmvz eaog ~zmifyyfy0

Qvalot ^laggogkQvalot Ayyvzagif


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4>

Qvalot ImgtzmlQvalot Oe~zmsfefgty

Tbfyf ~zmifyyfy ogtfzait {otb faib mtbfz ay {fll ay {otb tbf ~zmifyyfy

mc mtbfz hgm{lfdkf azfayFaib ~zmifyy ogsmlsfy ag fccmzt mc mgf mz emzf ogdosodval mz kzmv~ mc

ogdosodvaly jayfd mg tbf gffd mc tbf ~zm`fit'

Faib ~zmifyy miivzy at lfayt mgif og fsfz ~zm`fit ~bayf dvzogk tbf

~zm`fit locf iilf'

Qvalot ^laggogk oy odfgtocogk {boib qvalot ytagdazdy azf zflfsagt tm

tbf ~zm`fit agd dftfzeogogk bm{ tm yatoyc tbfe'

Qvalot ^laggogk ogsmlsfy odfgtocogk {otb qvalot ytagdazdy

Ot oy a hf caiolotatogk ~zmifyy dvzogk tbf ^zm`fit ~laggogk ^zmifyy

Og emdfzg qvalot eagakfefgt qvalot oy ~laggfd og agd gmt

ogy~fitfd og

^zomz tm tbf dfsflm~efgt mc OYM ?>>> yfzofy, qvalot ~laggogk imgif~ty

{fzf {odfl doyivyyfd ay ~azt mc qvalot ayyvzagif'

1' QVALOT_ ^LAGGOGK


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41

OG^VTY

1%Qvalot ~mloi

:% Yim~f ytatfefgt

9% ^zmdvit dfyizo~tomg

4% Ytagdazdy agd

zfkvlatomgy

6% Mtbfz ~zmifyy

mvt~vty

TMMLY AGD

TFIBGOQVFY

1% Jfgfcot- imyt

agalyoy

:% Jfgibeazhogk

9% clm{ibaztogk

4% Dfyokg mc

fr~fzoefgty

MVT^VTY

1%Qvalot Eagakfefgt

~lag

:% m~fzatomgal8

dfcogotomgy

9% ibfihloyty

4%og~vty tm mtbfz

~zmifyyfy

Qvalot ^laggogk Clm{ibazt

Qvalot ^laggogk Og~vty

Qvalot ~mloi

tbf msfz all ogtfgtomgy agd dozfitomg mc ag mzkagopatomg {otb zfkazd tm

qvalot, ay cmzeall fr~zfyyfd j tbf tm~ eagakfefgt'

Og tbf iayf mc a `mogt sfgtvzf, a qvalot ~mloi cmz tbf ogdosodval ~zm`fit

ybmvld jf dfsflm~fd'

Tbf eagakfefgt tfae oy zfy~mgyojlf cmz doyyo~atogk tbf qvalot ~mloi

tm all ~zm`fit ytahfbmldfzy tbzmvkb a~~zm~zoatf ogcmzeatomg

doytzojvtomg ibaggfly'

Yim~f Ytatfefgt

Tbf yim~f ytatfefgt oy a hf og~vt tm qvalot ~laggogk jfiavyf ot

dmivefgty ea`mz ~zm`fit dflosfzajlfy ay {fll ay ~zm`fit mj`fitosfy

{boib yfzsf tm dfcogf oe~mztagt ytahfbmldfz zfqvozfefgty'


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4:

^zmdvit dfyizo~tomg

Altbmvkb tbf flfefgty mc tbf ~zmdvit dfyizo~tomg ea jf fejmdofd og

tbf yim~f ytatfefgt, tbf ~zmdvit dfyizo~tomg mctfg imgtaogy dftaoly mc

tfibgoial oyyvfy agd mtbfz imgifzgy tbat ea accfit qvalot ~laggogk'

Ytagdazdy agd Zfkvlatomgy

Tbf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt tfae ag a~~loiatomg%azfa%y~fiocoi ytagdazdy

mz zfkvlatomgy tbat ea accfit tbf ~zm`fit'

Mtbfz ^zmifyy Mvt~vty

Og addotomg tm tbf yim~f ytatfefgt agd ~zmdvit dfyizo~tomg, ~zmifyyfy

og mtbfz hgm{lfdkf azfay ea ~zmdvif mvt~vty tbat ybmvld jfimgyodfzfd ay ~azt mc tbf qvalot ~laggogk'

Frae~lf0 ~zmivzfefgt ~laggogk mvt~vty ea odfgtoc imgtzaitmz

qvalot zfqvozfefgty tbat ybmvld jf zfclfitfd og tbf msfzall Qvalot

Eagakfefgt lag'

Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Qvalot ^laggogk

Jfgfcot - imyt agalyoy

Tbf ~laggogk ~zmifyy evyt imgyodfz jfgfcot-imyt tzadfmccy'

Tbf ^zoeaz Jfgfcot0 Oy lfyy {mzh, bokbfz ~zmdvitosot, lm{fz imyty, agd

ogizfayfd ytahfbmldfz yatoycaitomg'

Tbf ^zoeaz Imyt0 Oy tbf fr~agyfy ayymioatfd {otb ^QE aitosotofy'

Gmtf0 ot oy flfefgtaz tbat tbf jfgfcot ybmvld mvt{fokb tbf imyt'

Jfgibeazhogk

Jfgibeazhogk ogsmlsfy ime~azogk aitval mz ~laggfd ~zm`fit ~zaitoify

tm tbmyf mc mtbfz ~zm`fity tm kfgfzatf odfay tm0

1% Kfgfzatf odfay cmz oe~zmsfefgt

:% ~zmsodf a ytagdazd cmz efayvzfefgt mc ~fzcmzeagif


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49

Gmtf0 mtbfz ~zm`fity ime~azfd ea jf {otbog tbf yaef mzkagopatomg mz mvt

yodf agd ea jf {otbog tbf yaef a~~loiatomg azfa mz og agmtbfz'

Clm{ ibaztogk

Tbf clm{ibaztogk tfibgoqvfy og qvalot eagakfefgt kfgfzall ogilvdf

iavyf agd fccfit doakzae'

Yytfe mz ~zmifyy clm{ ibazty'

Clm{ibaztogk iag bfl~ og agtoio~atogk ~zmjajlf qvalot ~zmjlfey agd

tbvy bfl~y tm dfsflm~ a~~zmaibfy cmz dfalogk {otb tbfe'

Dfyokg mc Fr~fzoefgty

Tboy oy ag agaltoial tfibgoqvf {boib aoey tm dfcogf sazoajlfy tbat basfemyt ogclvfgif mg tbf msfzall mvtimef'

Tboy tfibgoqvf oy imeemgl a~~loiajlf tm tbf ~zmdvit mc tbf ~zm`fit

oyyvfy'

Bm{fsfz tboy tfibgoqvf iag alym jf vyfd og ~zm`fit eagakfefgt oyyvfy

yvib ay imyt agd yibfdvlf tzadfmccy tm allm{ cmz m~toea ymlvtomgy'

Mvt~vty czme Qvalot ^laggogkQvalot Eagakfefgt lag

Tbf qvalot eagakfefgt ~lag ybmvld dfyizojf bm{ a ~zm`fit

eagakfefgt tfae {oll oe~lfefgt oty qvalot ~mloi'

Alym iallfd Qvalot Yytfe, "og OYM tfzeogmlmk/, tbf ~lag ybmvld

dfcogf 0

Tbf mzkagopatomgal ytzvitvzf

Zmlfy agd zfy~mgyojolotofy

Zfymvzify gffdfd cmz oe~lfefgtatomg mc qvalot eagakfefgt

Tbf Qvalot ^lag ybmvld addzfyy0

Qvalot Imgtzml mc tbf ~zm`fit

Qvalot Ayyvzagif

Qvalot Oe~zmsfefgt mc tbf ~zm`fit


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44

Gmtf0 tbf ~zm`fit qvalot ~lag iag jf bokbl dftaolfd mz jzmadl czaefd jayfd

mg tbf gffdy mc tbf ~zm`fit'

M~fzatomgal Dfcogotomgy

Ag m~fzatomgal dfcogotomg dfyizojfy {bat ymeftbogk oy agd bm{ ot oy

efayvzfd j tbf qvalot imgtzml ~zmifyy' Cmz frae~lf0

tbf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt tfae evyt ogdoiatf tbf ytazt agd fgd mc fsfz

aitosot og a dftaolfd yibfdvlf'

[fatbfz tbf {bmlf aitosot mz ifztaog dflosfzajlfy azf tm jf efayvzfd'

M~fzatomgal dfcogotomgy azf alym iallfdEftzoiy og ymef azfay mc a~~loiatomg'

Ibfihloyty A ibfihloyt oy a ytzvitvzfd tmml vyfd tm sfzoc tbat a yft mc zfqvozfd

ytf~y mz zfqvozfefgty basf jffg ~fzcmzefd'

Eag mzkagopatomgy basf ytagdazd ibfihloyty tm fgyvzf imgyoytfgi mc

czfqvfgtl ~fzcmzefd aitosotofy'

Og~vty tm Mtbfz ^zmifyyfy

Tbf qvalot ~laggogk ~zmifyy ea odfgtoc gffd cmz cvztbfz aitosot og

agmtbfz azfa'

Qvalot ayyvzagif oy fsalvatogk tbf msfzall ~zm`fit ~fzcmzeagif mg a

zfkvlaz jayoy tm ~zmsodf a imgcodfgif tbat tbf ~zm`fit {oll yatoyc tbf

zflfsagt qvalot ytagdazdy'

:' QVALOT_ AYYVZAGIF


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46

Qvalot ayyvzagif fgime~ayyfy all tbf ~laggfd agd yytfeatoi aitosot

oe~lfefgtfd og a qvalot yytfe tm ~zmsodf imgcodfgif tbat tbf ~zm`fit

{oll yatoyc tbf zflfsagt qvalot ytagdazdy

Qvalot ayyvzagif oy ~zmsodfd j a Qvalot Ayyvzagif df~t'

Qvalot ayyvzagif iag jf OGFZGAL " czme tbf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt

tfae tm tbf ~fzcmzeogk mzkagopatomg/

Qvalot ayyvzagif iag jf FRTFZGAL "~zmsodfd tm tbf ivytmefz agd

mtbfz ~aztofy aitosfl ogsmlsfd og tbf {mzh mc tbf ~zm`fit

OG^VTY

1%Qvalot eagakfefgt

~lag:% Zfyvlty mc qvalot

imgtzml efayvzfefgty

9% M~fzatomgal

dfcogotomgy

TMMLY AGD

TFIBGOQVFY

1% Qvalot ~laggogk

tmmly agd tfibgoqvfy:% Qvalot avdoty

9% Tbf ^DA Iilf

MVT^VTY

1%Qvalot

oe~zmsfefgt

Qvalot Ayyvzagif Clm{ibazt

Og~vty tm Qvalot Ayyvzagif

Qvalot eagakfefgt ~lag ay ~zfsomvyl dfyizojfd


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43

Zfyvlty mc qvalot imgtzml efayvzfefgty {boib azf zfimzdy mc

qvalot imgtzml tfytogk agd efayvzfefgt og a cmzeat mc ime~azoymg mz

agalyoy

M~fzatomgal dfcogotomgy ay ~zfsomvyl dfyizojfd og tbf mvt~vt mc tbfQvalot ^laggogk

Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Qvalot Ayyvzagif

Qvalot ^laggogk tmmly agd tfibgoqvfy , {boib iag jf vyfd cmz

qvalot ayyvzagif ay {fll'

Qvalot Avdoty {boib azf a ytzvitvzfd zfsof{ mc mtbfz qvalot

eagakfefgt aitosotofy0

tbf ea jf toefl mz iazzofd mvt zagdmel'

Tbf ea jf iazzofd mvt j ~zm~fzl tzaogfd Ogtfzgal%avdotmzy mz j

tbozd ~aztofy yvib ay qvalot yytfey zfkoytzatomg akfgiofy'

Tbf ^DIA IilfTbf emyt ~m~vlaz tmml vyfd tm dftfzeogf qvalot ayyvzagif oy tbf

Ybf{bazt Iilf' Tboy iilf cmz qvalot ayyvzagif imgyoyty mc cmvz ytf~y0

^lag, Dm, Ibfih, agd Ait' Tbfyf ytf~y azf imeemgl ajjzfsoatfd ay

^DIA'

Tbf cmvz qvalot ayyvzagif ytf~y {otbog tbf ^DIA emdfl ytagd cmz0

^lag0 Fytajloyb mj`fitosfy agd ~zmifyyfy zfqvozfd tm dflosfz tbf

dfyozfd zfyvlty'

Dm0 Oe~lfefgt tbf ~zmifyy dfsflm~fd'

Ibfih0 Emgotmz agd fsalvatf tbf oe~lfefgtfd ~zmifyy j

tfytogk tbf zfyvlty akaogyt tbf ~zfdftfzeogfd mj`fitosfy

Ait0 A~~l aitomgy gfifyyaz cmz oe~zmsfefgt oc tbf zfyvlty

zfqvozf ibagkfy'Tbf ^DIA oy ag fccfitosf eftbmd cmz emgotmzogk qvalot ayyvzagif

jfiavyf ot agalpfy froytogk imgdotomgy agd eftbmdy vyfd tm ~zmsodf

tbf ~zmdvit mz yfzsoif tm jfgfcoioazofy' Tbf kmal oy tm fgyvzf tbat

frifllfgif oy ogbfzfgt og fsfz ime~mgfgt mc tbf ~zmifyy' Qvalot

ayyvzagif alym bfl~y dftfzeogf {bftbfz tbf ytf~y vyfd tm ~zmsodf tbf


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4;

~zmdvit mz yfzsoif oy a~~zm~zoatf cmz tbf toef agd imgdotomgy' Og

addotomg, oc tbf ^DIA iilf oy zf~fatfd tbzmvkbmvt tbf locftoef mc tbf

~zm`fit bfl~ogk oe~zmsf ogtfzgal fccoiofgi'

Mvt~vty czme Qvalot Ayyvzagif

Qvalot Oe~zmsfefgt

Qvalot oe~zmsfefgt ogilvdfy tahogk aitomg tm ogizfayf tbf

fccfitosfgfyy agd fccoiofgi mc tbf ~zm`fit tm jf ~zmsodf addfd jfgfcoty

tm tbf ytahfbmldfzy mc tbat ~zm`fit '

Og eag iayfy tbf oe~lfefgtatomg mc qvalot oe~zmsfefgty {oll

zfqvozf ~zf~azatomg mc ibagkf zfqvfyty mz tahogk imzzfitosf aitomgy agd

{oll jf bagdlfd aiimzdogk tm ~zmifdvzf cmz msfzall ibagkf imgtzml

Qvalot Imgtzml oy tbf emgotmzogk mc y~fiocoi ~zm`fit zfyvlty tmdftfzeogf oc tbf ime~l {otb tbf zflfsagt qvalot ytagdazdy agd

odfgtocogk {ay tm floeogatf iavyfy mc vgyatoycaitmz ~fzcmzeagif'

Qvalot imgtzml ogsmlsfy emgotmzogk y~fiocoi ~zm`fit zfyvlty tm

dftfzeogf oc tbf ime~l {otb zflfsagt ytagdazdy agd odfgtocogk {ay

tm floeogatf iavyfy mc vgyatoycaitmz zfyvlty'

^zm`fit zfyvlty efgtomgfd ogilvdf jmtb ^ZMDVIT zfyvlty yvib ay

dflosfzajlfy agd EAGAKFEFGT zfyvlty yvib ay imyt agd yibfdvlf

~fzcmzeagif

Qvalot imgtzml oy mctfg ~fzcmzefd j a qvalot imgtzml df~aztefgt

9' QVALOT_ IMGTZML


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42

Tbf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt tfae ybmvld basf a {mzhogk hgm{lfdkf mc

ytatoytoial qvalot imgtzml fy~fioall yae~logk agd ~zmjajolot tm bfl~

fsalvatf agd imgtzml mvt~vty'

OG^VTY

1%[mzh zfyvlty

:% Qvaloteagakfefgt ~lag

9% M~fzatomgal

dfcogotomgy

4% Ibfihloyty

TMMLY AGD

TFIBGOQVFY

1% Ogy~fitomg

:% Imgtzml ibazty

9% ^azftm doakzae

4% Ytatoytoial yae~logk

6% Clm{ibaztogk

3%Tzfgd agalyoy

MVT^VTY

1%Qvalot

oe~zmsfefgt:% Aiif~tagif

dfioyomgy

9% Zf{mzh

4%^zmifyy ad`vytefgty

Qvalot Imgtzml Clm{ibazt

Og~vty tm Qvalot Imgtzml

[mzh zfyvlty 0 ogilvdogk jmtb ~zmdvit zfyvlty agd ~zmifyy zfyvlty'

Tbf qvalot eagakfefgt ~lag

M~fzatomgal dfcogotomgy

Ibfihloyty

Tmmly agd Tfibgoqvfy cmz Qvalot Imgtzml

Ogy~fitomg


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4?

Ogy~fitomg ogilvdfy aitosotofy yvib ay efayvzogk, fraeogogk agd

tfytogk vgdfztahfg tm dftfzeogf {bftbfz zfyvlty imgcmze tm

zfqvozfefgty'

Ogy~fitomg iag jf iazzofd mvt mg tbf lfsfl mc a yogklf aitosot mz a cogal~zmdvit'

Ogy~fitomgy iag jf iallfd zfsof{y, ~zmdvit zfsof{y, avdoty, agd {alh%

tbzmvkb'

Imgtzml Ibazty

Tbfyf ibazty azf kza~boial zf~zfyfgtatomgy tbat doy~la tbf zfyvlt mc a

~zmifyy msfz toef agd azf vyfd tm dftfzeogf oc tbf ~zmifyy oy og

imgtzml'

[bfg og imgtzml tbf ~zmifyy ybmvld gmt jf ad`vytfd , bm{fsfz ot ea

jf ibagkfdog mzdfz tm ~zmsodf oe~zmsfefgty'

Imgtzml ibazty ea jf vyfd tm emgotmz ag t~f mc mvt~vt sazoajlf'

Imgtzml ibazty azf emyt mctfg vyfd tm emgotmz zf~ftotosf aitosot og

~zmdvitomg jvt iag alym jf vyfd tm emgotmz imyt agd yibfdvlf

sazoagify'


50/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


6>

âzftm Ibaztyâzftm Ibazty jayfd mg âzftmy zvlf, {boib ytatfy tbat 2> ~fzifgt mc tbf

~zmjlfey azf mctfg dvf tm :> ~fzifgt mc tbf iavyfy' Tbf ayyve~tomg oy tbat

emyt mc tbf zfyvlty og ag yotvatomg azf dftfzeogfd j a yeall gvejfz mc

iavyfy agd bfl~y odfgtoc tbf sotal cf{ imgtzojvtmzy tbat aiimvgt cmz emytqvalot ~zmjlfey' Tbf ibazt oy a cmze mc boytmkzae tbat mzdfzy tbf data j

czfqvfgi mc miivzzfgif8 ot ybm{y bm{ eag dfcfity {fzf kfgfzatfd j a

t~f mc iatfkmz mc odfgtocofd iavyf' Cmz frae~lf tm dftfzeogf tbf fzzmzy og

tbf imllfitomg mc jfgfcoioaz data tbf ~zm`fit tfae odfgtocofd cosf iavyfy agd

cmz faib iavyf tbf czfqvfgi tbf imgtaogfd fzzmzy, tbf data oy ~lmttfd ay

ybm{g og tbf ibazt jflm{, tbf jazy zf~zfyfgt faib iatfkmz agd tbf logf tbf

ivevlatosf ~fzifgtakf mc tbf fzzmzy, tbf ibazt allm{y tm odfgtoc tbat 2>& mc

tbf fzzmzy imvld jf zfdvifd `vyt j oe~zmsogk tbf imllfitomg mc data og t{m

iatfkmzofy ogytfad mc cmivyogk fccmzty tm imzzfit all iatfkmzofy'

Ytatoytoial Yae~logk

Ytatoytoial yae~logk ogsmlsfy ibmmyogk a ~azt mc a ~m~vlatomg mc ogtfzfyt

cmz ogy~fitomg'

A~~zm~zoatf yae~logk iag fccfitosfl zfdvif tbf imyt mc qvalot imgtzml'


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61

Tbfzf oy a sayt jmd mc hgm{lfdkf zflatfd tm ytatoytoial yae~logk agd

tbfzfcmzf tbf eagakfefgt evyt jf a{azf mc tbf sazomvy yae~logk

tfibgoqvfy'

Clm{ibaztogk

Clm{ibaztogk oy vyfd og qvalot imgtzml tm bfl~ agalpf bm{ a ~zmjlfe

miivzy'

Tzfgd Agalyoy

Tbf tzfgd agalyoy ogsmlsfy tbf vyf mc eatbfeatoial tfibgoqvfy tm

cmzfiayt cvtvzf mvtimefy jayfd mg boytmzoial zfyvlty ot oy mctfg vyfd tm

emgotmz0

Tfibgoial ~fzcmzeagif bm{ eag dfcfity basf jffg odfgtocofd

agd bm{ eag zfeaog vgimzzfitfd' Imyt agd yibfdvlf ~fzcmzeagif bm{ eag aitosotofy og a ifztaog

~fzomd {fzf ime~lftfd {otb yokgocoiagt sazoagify'

Mvt~vty cmz Qvalot Imgtzml

Qvalot oe~zmsfefgt

Aiif~tagif dfioyomgy, {bfzf tbf ogy~fitfd otfey {oll fotbfz jf

aiif~tfd mz zf`fitfd agd tbmyf zf`fitfd ea jf zf{mzhfd'Zf{mzh, {boib oy ag aitomg tahfg tm jzogk dfcfity mz gmgimgcmzeogk

otfey ogtm ime~loagif {otb zfqvozfefgty agd y~fiocoiatomgy' Zf{mzh oy

a czfqvfgt iavyf mc ~zm`fit msfz%zvgy agd tbf ~zm`fit eagakfefgt

tfae evyt eahf ag fccmzt tm eogoeopf ot'

Ime~lftfd Ibfihloyty, {boib jfimef a ~azt mc a ~zm`fit zfimzd {bfg

tbf azf vyfd

^zmifyy Ad`vytefgty, {boib ogsmlsfy oeefdoatf imzzfitosf mz

~zfsfgtosf aitomg ay a zfyvlt mc qvalot imgtzml efayvzfefgty' Og ymef

iayfy tbf ad`vytefgt ea gffd tm jf bagdlfd aiimzdogk tm ~zmifdvzfy

cmz msfzall ibagkf imgtzml'


52/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


6:

Ot oy tbf yytfeatoi a~~zmaib tm tbf ~zmifyyfy mc {mzh tbat lmmhy tm zfemsf

{aytf, lmyy, zf{mzh, czvytzatomg, fti' og mzdfz tm eahf tbf ~zmifyyfy mc {mzh

emzf fccfitosf, fccoiofgt, agd a~~zm~zoatf'

Qvalot oe~zmsfefgt zfcfzy tm tbf a~~loiatomg mc eftbmdy agd tmmly tm ilmyf

tbf ka~ jft{ffg ivzzfgt agd fr~fitfd lfsfly mc qvalot j vgdfzytagdogk agd

addzfyyogk yytfe dfcoiofgiofy agd ytzfgktby tm oe~zmsf, mz og ymef iayfy,

zf%dfyokg ~zm`fit ~zmifyyfy'

A sazoft mc qvalot oe~zmsfefgt a~~zmaibfy froyty, zagkogk czme ogdosodval

~fzcmzeagif oe~zmsfefgt tm zfdfyokg mc fgtozf ~zm`fit ~zmifyyfy' Tbfyf

a~~zmaibfy doccfz og tfzey mc toef, zfymvzify, agd ime~lfrot, jvt ybazf tbf

yaef cmvz ytf~y og qvalot oe~zmsfefgt0

Odfgtoc{bat mv {agt tm oe~zmsf8 tbf ~zm`fit vyogk tbf data cmvgd

og tbf qvalot imgtzml ~zmifyy odfgtocofy tbf azfay tbat gffd

oe~zmsfefgt'

Agalpf tbf ~zmjlfe mz yytfe, tbf tfae tbfg ogsfytokatfy tbf iavyfy

cmz tbf ~zmjlfe agd oty oe~loiatomgy tm tbf ~zm`fit, tbf iavyfy ea jfogtfzgal mz frtfzgal tm tbf ~zm`fit'

Dfsflm~ ~mtfgtoal ymlvtomgy mz ibagkfy tbat a~~faz lohfl tm oe~zmsf

tbf ~zmjlfe mz yytfe, tbf tfae jzaogytmzey odfay agd ~mtfgtoal

ymlvtomgy tm tbf ~zmjlfe, tahogk og imgyodfzatomg oty oe~ait tm tbf

4' QVALOT_ OE^ZMSFEFGT


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69

~zm`fit yibfdvlf agd jvdkft' Actfz iazfcvl imgyodfzatomgy tbf tfae

dfiodfy agd ibmmyfy tbf jfyt altfzgatosf'

Tfyt agd oe~lfefgt tbf ymlvtomgy' Tbf tfae ea dfiodf tm tfyt tbf

ymlvtomg mg a yeall yialf tm sfzoc tbat ot oy ia~ajlf mc corogk tbf

~zmjlfe, ot tfytfy cmz tbf ogotoal ayyve~tomgy eadf ajmvt tbf ~zmjlfe

agd mgif ot imgcozey tbat tbf ymlvtomg oy a soajlf altfzgatosf, ot tbfg

~zmiffdy tm oe~lfefgt og a cvll yialf tbf ymlvtomg'

Imyt mc Qvalot

Tbf imyt mc qvalot oy tbf yve mc imyty a ~zm`fit {oll y~fgd tm ~zfsfgt ~mmz

qvalot agd ag mtbfz imyty ogivzzfd ay a zfyvlt mc mvt~vty mc ~mmz qvalot'^mmz qvalot oy tbf {aytf, fzzmzy, mz caolvzf tm efft ytahfbmldfz gffdy agd

~zm`fit zfqvozfefgty' Tbf imyty mc ~mmz qvalot iag jf jzmhfg dm{g ogtm tbf

tbzff iatfkmzofy mc ~zfsfgtomg, a~~zaoyal, agd caolvzf imyty0

^zfsfgtomg imyty0 Tbfyf azf ~laggfd imyty ag mzkagopatomg ogivzy tm

fgyvzf tbat fzzmzy azf gmt eadf at ag ytakf dvzogk tbf dflosfz

~zmifyy mc tbat ~zmdvit mz yfzsoif tm a jfgfcoioaz' Frae~lfy mc

~zfsfgtomg imyty ogilvdf qvalot ~laggogk imyty, fdviatomg agd tzaogogk

imyty, qvalot adeogoytzatomg ytacc imyty, ~zmifyy imgtzml imyty, eazhft

zfyfazib imyty, cofld tfytogk imyty, agd ~zfsfgtosf eaogtfgagif imyty'

Tbf imyt mc ~zfsfgtogk eoytahfy azf al{ay evib lfyy tbag tbf imyty mc

ogy~fitomg agd imzzfitomg'

A~~zaoyal imyty0 Tbfyf ogilvdf tbf imyty mc sfzocogk, ibfihogk, mz

fsalvatogk a ~zmdvit mz yfzsoif dvzogk tbf dflosfz ~zmifyy' Frae~lfy

mc a~~zaoyal imyty ogilvdf zfifosogk mz ogimeogk ogy~fitomg imyty,

ogtfzgal ~zmdvitomg avdot imyty, tfyt agd ogy~fitomg imyty, ogytzvefgt


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64

eaogtfgagif imyty, ~zmifyy efayvzfefgt agd imgtzml imyty, yv~~lofz

fsalvatomg imyty, agd avdot zf~mzt imyty'

Caolvzf imyty0 A ~zm`fit ogivzy tbfyf imyty jfiavyf tbf ~zmdvit mz

yfzsoif dod gmt efft tbf zfqvozfefgty agd bad tm jf corfd mz zf~laifd,

mz tbf yfzsoif bad tm jf zf~fatfd'

Zfcfzfgify0

{{{'~e4dfs'ime^EO jmd mc hgm{lfdkf

))))))))))))))))))))
http://www.pm4dev.com/http://www.pm4dev.com/http://www.pm4dev.com/


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66

QVFYTOMG 4Tbfzf azf doccfzfgt lfsfly mc eagakfefgt

og ag mzkagopatomg agd fsfz lfsfl tzofy tm

efft oty ayyokgfd kmaly' Og fsfz ~zm`fit

all tbf lfsfly mc eagakfefgt ait `mogtl cmz

tbf yviifyycvl ime~lftomg mc tbf ~zm`fit'

Ime~azf agd fsalvatf tbf zmlf mc tbfyflfsfly, alym fr~laog tbf imgcloit tbat iag

azoyf jft{ffg tbfyf lfsfly {otb mvz

~zm~myfd ymlvtomgy mc tbfyf ~zmjlfey'

":>/


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63

Imgcloit og ~zm`fit eagakfefgt oy ogfsotajlf' Tbf ~mtfgtoal cmz imgcloit og

ogcmzeatomg yytfey dfsflm~efgt ~zm`fity oy vyvall bokb jfiavyf ot ogsmlsfy

ogdosodvaly czme doccfzfgt jaihkzmvgdy agd mzofgtatomgy {mzhogk tmkftbfz tm

ime~lftf a ime~lfr tayh' Tbf iavyf mc imgcloit og tfae ~zm`fity iag jf

zflatfd tm doccfzfgify og salvfy, attotvdfy, gffdy, fr~fitatomgy, ~fzif~tomgy,

zfymvzify, agd ~fzymgalotofy' ^zm~fz yholly og dfalogk {otb imgcloit iag ayyoyt

~zm`fit eagakfzy agd mtbfz mzkagopatomg efejfzy tm bagdlf agd fccfitosfl

zfymlsf imgcloity {boib iag lfad tm a emzf ~zmdvitosf mzkagopatomg ay a

{bmlf'

^zm`fit Eagakfefgt Msfzsof{

^zm`fit eagakfefgt oy a eftbmdmlmkoial a~~zmaib tm aibofsogk akzffd v~mg

zfyvlty {otbog a y~fiocofd toef czaef {otb dfcogfd zfymvzify' Ot ogsmlsfy

a~~logk hgm{lfdkf, yholly, tmmly, agd tfibgoqvfy tm a {odf zagkf mc aitosotofy

og mzdfz tm efft tbf zfqvozfefgty mc a ~zm`fit' Tbf ea`mz mj`fitosfy mc

~zm`fit eagakfefgt ogilvdf ~fzcmzeagif, imyt, agd toef kmaly' Tbf cmivy oy

tm efft ivytmefz fr~fitatomgy, dflosfz ~zm`fity {otbog jvdkft, agd ime~lftf

~zm`fity mg toef' ^zm`fit eagakfefgt oy bfl~cvl og aibofsogk tbfyf mj`fitosfy

j mzkagopogk, ~laggogk, emgotmzogk, imgtzmllogk, agd imzzfitogk tbf ~zm`fitaitosotofy' Tbfyf aitosotofy imgyoyt mc izfatogk a {mzhajlf ~zm`fit

fgsozmgefgt, hff~ogk tbf {mzh fgsozmgefgt bfaltb, ~laggogk tbf fyyfgtoal

aitosotofy tm jvold tbf ogcmzeatomg yytfe mz ~zmdvit, agd imgtzmllogk

frfivtomg mc tbf ~lag'

^ZM@FIT IMGCLOIT EAGAKFEFGT


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6;

Vyogk ~zm`fit eagakfefgt ~zogio~lfy jzogky salvf tm ag mzkagopatomg'

A~~logk tbfyf ~zogio~lfy kosf eagakfzy tbf ajolot tm fytajloyb yviifyy

efayvzfy, qvagtoc salvf ~zm~mztomgatf {otb imyt, vyf m~toeal mzkagopatomgal

zfymvzify, allm{ ivytmefz cmivy agd alokgefgt, ogimz~mzatf qvalot

~zogio~lfy, oe~lfefgt tbf ~zaitoif mc ytzatfkoi ~lagy, zfymlsf ~zmjlfey emzf

qvoihl, {mzh {otbog tbf yim~f mc tbf ~zm`fit, addzfyy cvtvzf zoyh jfcmzf

jfimeogk a ~zmjlfe, agd izfatf a bokbfz qvalot ~zmdvit tbf cozyt toef' Tbf

toef agd zfymvzify ~vt ogtm ~zm`fit eagakfefgt {oll eahf v~ cmz tbf imyt

msfz tbf locf mc tbf ~zm`fit'

^zm`fit eagakfefgt zflofy mg ~zmsfg agd zf~fatajlf ~zmifyyfy agd

tfibgoqvfy' Tbfyf ~zmifyyfy agd tfibgoqvfy azf vtolopfd tm immzdogatf

zfymvzify tm aiime~loyb ~zfdoitajlf zfyvlty' Altbmvkb yviifyy oy gfsfz

kvazagtffd, a ~zm`fit oy emzf lohfl tm jf yviifyycvl {bfg imgsfgtomgal

~zm`fit eagakfefgt ~zmifyyfy azf ~zaitoifd' Tbf cmvz ~bayfy mc tbf ~zm`fit

eagakfefgt ~zmifyy azf fr~laogfd jflm{'

1' ^zm`fit OgotoatomgTbf cozyt ~bayf mc tbf ~zmifyy ogsmlsfy ~fzcmzeogk aitosotofy tm fsalvatf

tbf ~zm`fit yopf, yim~f, agd dfkzff mc doccoivlt agd tm fytajloyb~zmifdvzfy cmz yv~~mztogk latfz ~zm`fit aitosotofy' Frae~lfy mc aitosotofy at

tboy ~bayf azf cmzeogk a ~zm`fit ogotoatomg tfae, jvoldogk tbf ivytmefz

zflatomgybo~, dfsflm~ogk fccfitosf eagakfefgt ~zmifdvzfy, agd

imgytzvitogk a ~zm`fit {mzhjmmh'

:' ^zm`fit laggogkTbf yfimgd ~bayf mc tbf ~zmifyy ogsmlsfy dfcogogk ilfaz, doytogit aitosotofy

agd {mzh zfqvozfd tm ime~lftf tbf aitosotofy cmz faib ogdosodval ~zm`fit'

Frae~lfy mc aitosotofy at tboy ~bayf azf dfcogogk tbf ~zm`fit yim~f,

dfcogogk tbf {mzh jzfahdm{g ytzvitvzf, fytoeatogk zfymvzif

zfqvozfefgty, mvtlogogk imeevgoiatomg ~zmifdvzfy aemgk eagakfzy,


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62

tfae efejfzy, agd tbf ivytmefz, odfgtocogk agd fsalvatogk zoyh, agd

dfsflm~ogk a Jayflogf ^zm`fit ^lag'

9' ^zm`fit FrfivtomgTbf tbozd ~bayf mc tbf ~zmifyy ogsmlsfy oe~lfefgtogk tbf ~lagy izfatfd og

tbf fazlofz ~bayfy, ^zm`fit Ogotoatomg agd ^zm`fit ^laggogk' Frae~lfy mc

aitosotofy at tboy ~bayf azf frfivtogk tbf jayflogf ~lag, eagakogk ibagkfy

tm tbf jayflogf ~lag, emgotmzogk ~zm`fit ~zmkzfyy, agd imeevgoiatogk

~zm`fit ytatvy tm eagakfzy, tfae efejfzy, agd tbf ivytmefz'

4' ^zm`fit Ilmyfdm{gTbf cogal ~bayf mc tbf ~zmifyy ogsmlsfy jzogkogk tbf ~zm`fit tm ag fgd'Frae~lfy mc aitosotofy at tboy ~bayf azf fsalvatogk tfae efejfzy,

imgdvitogk cogal ~zm`fit zfsof{y, agd ilmyogk tbf ivytmefz imgtzait'

Tbf ~zm`fit eagakfz oy zfy~mgyojlf cmz iazzogk mvt tbf ogotoatomg, ~laggogk,

frfivtomg, agd ilmyfdm{g ~bayfy mc a ~zm`fit' Tbf yviifyy mc a ~zm`fit zflofy

ytzmgkl mg tbf ~zm`fit eagakfz' Tbf zmlf mc tboy ~fzymg oy tm fsalvatf ~zm`fit

cfayojolot agd tm izfatf tbf ~lag mc aitosotofy zfqvozfd tm efft tbf mj`fitosfy'

Tboy ogdosodval evyt jf ajlf tm jvold ag fgsozmgefgt og {boib tbf ~zm`fit

iag jf frfivtfd {bolf ~zmtfitogk tbf fgsozmgefgt czme caitmzy tbat imvld

oe~fdf ~zmkzfyy, ~laggogk tbf {mzh tbat bay tm jf ime~lftfd tm zfaib tbf

kmal, agd hff~ogk tbf imvzyf mc tbf ~zm`fit og imgtzml' Ot oy oe~mztagt cmz a

~zm`fit eagakfz tm ~myyfyy a dosfzyf yft mc yholly % eagakfefgt, lfadfzybo~,

tfibgoial, ivytmefz zflatomgybo~, agd imgcloit eagakfefgt'

Eagakfzy y~fgd 4:& mc tbfoz toef mg zfaibogk akzffefgt {otb mtbfzy {bfg

imgcloit miivzy' Imgcloit eagakfefgt {otbog a tfae fgsozmgefgt zfqvozfy

tbf ajolot tm ymlsf ~zmjlfey, yft kmaly, ime~zmeoyf, yfttlf ~fzymgalot


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6?

doccfzfgify, agd zfymlsf imgcloity' Tzaogogk cmz ~zm`fit eagakfzy og tboy azfa

oy gfifyyaz cmz tbfoz yviifyy, ay tbf azf t~oiall zfy~mgyojlf cmz bagdlogk

imgcloit dvzogk a ~zm`fit' Tbf zfeaogdfz mc tboy ~a~fz {oll addzfyy imgcloit

agd oty zfymlvtomg og ~zm`fit eagakfefgt'

Vgdfzytagdogk Imgcloit

A ~zmifyy tbat jfkogy {bfg mgf ~azt ~fzifosfy tbat agmtbfz ~azt bay

gfkatosfl accfitfd, mz oy ajmvt tm gfkatosfl accfity ymeftbogk tbat

cozyt iazfy ajmvt'

Imgcloit miivzy {bfg tbfzf azf t{m mz emzf ime~ftogk zfy~mgyfy tm a

yogklf fsfgt'

Oy a ~zmifyy tbat jfkogy {bfg mgf ~azt ~fzifosfy tbat bay gfkatosfl

accfitfd, mz oy ajmvt tm gfkatosfl accfit, ymeftbogk tbat tbf cozyt ~azt

iazfy ajmvt'

Imgcloit oy sof{fd ay a iilf0 *Ay {otb ag ymioal ~zmifyy, tbfzf azf iavyfy8

alym, tbfzf oy a imzf ~zmifyy, {boib bay zfyvlty mz fccfity' Tbfyf fccfity cffd

jaih tm fccfit tbf iavyfy'* Tm vgdfzytagd imgcloit cvztbfz, tbf yotvatomg evyt

ogilvdf flfefgty mc ogtfzdf~fgdfgif, femtomgy, ~fzif~tomgy, agd jfbasomzy'

Cmz frae~lf, imgcloit miivzy jft{ffg ~aztofy {bmyf tayhy azf

ogtfzdf~fgdfgt, {bm azf agkz {otb faib mtbfz, {bm ~fzifosf tbf mtbfz ~azt

ay jfogk at cavlt, agd {bmyf aitomgy iavyf a jvyogfyy ~zmjlfe'

Imgcloit iag jf imgytzvitosf agd bfaltb cmz ag mzkagopatomg' Imgytzvitosf

imgcloit miivzy {bfg ~fm~lf ibagkf agd kzm{ ~fzymgall czme tbf imgcloit,

ogsmlsfefgt mc tbf ogdosodvaly accfitfd j tbf imgcloit oy ogizfayfd,


60/77

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3>

imbfyosfgfyy oy cmzefd aemgk tfae efejfzy, agd a ymlvtomg tm tbf ~zmjlfe

oy cmvgd' Bm{fsfz, oc imgcloit oy gmt eagakfd ~zm~fzl, ot iag jf dftzoefgtal

tm ag mzkagopatomg j tbzfatfgogk mzkagopatomgal vgot, jvyogfyy

~aztgfzybo~y, tfae zflatomgybo~y, agd ogtfz~fzymgal imggfitomgy'

Dfimgytzvitosf imgcloit miivzy {bfg a dfioyomg bay gmt jffg cmvgd agd tbf

~zmjlfe zfeaogy, fgfzk oy tahfg a{a czme emzf oe~mztagt aitosotofy mz

oyyvfy, emzalf mc tfaey mz ogdosodvaly oy dfytzmfd, agd kzmv~y mc ~fm~lf mz

tfaey azf ~mlazopfd'

Dfytzvitosf imgcloit bay a ~zfdoitajlf ~attfzg hgm{g ay tbf Dzaea Tzoagklf'

J lfazgogk bm{ tm odfgtoc tbfyf vg~zmdvitosf zmlfy agd bm{ tm fccfitosfl

bagdlf faib zmlf ~lafz, eagakfzy iag ~zfsfgt ymef imgcloity czme miivzzogkagd zfymlsf tbmyf tbat dm' Emyt ogdosodvaly hgm{ bm{ tm ayyvef tbf

cmllm{ogk tbzff zmlfy0

1' ^fzyfivtmz zfcfzy tm a ~fzymg {bm vyfy akkzfyyosf jfbasomz akaogyt

agmtbfz ~fzymg, attaihogk tbf ogtfgdfd soitoe' Ag attaih iag jf dozfit

mz ogdozfit agd jf ~byoial, sfzjal, mz jmtb' Tbf ~fzyfivtmz+y aitomgy

dflosfz a efyyakf tbat *mv azf gmt mha* {bolf eahogk tbf ~fzyfivtmz

cffl zokbtfmvy agd yv~fzomz':' Soitoe zfcfzy tm a ~fzymg {bm vyfy gmgayyfztosf jfbasomz ym mtbfzy

sof{ tbfe ay *O+e gmt mha'* Tboy jfbasomz fgimvzakfy mtbfzy tm fotbfz

zfyivf mz ~fzyfivtf tbf soitoe' Soitoey {oll cffl bfl~lfyy, ogadfqvatf,

yad, yiazfd, mz kvolt' Tbf soitoe zmlf oy mctfg vyfd jfiavyf tbf

ogdosodval oy cfflogk ytzfyyfd, bay lm{ yflc%fytffe, mz oy jfogk

~fzyfivtfd j agmtbfz'

9' Zfyivfz zfcfzy tm a ~fzymg {bm vyfy fotbfz gmgayyfztosf mz akzfyyosf

jfbasomz' Ogdosodvaly jfimef zfyivfzy jfiavyf tbf {oll gmt ya *gm*agd vg{ollogkl ayyvef tbf zfy~mgyojolot mc ymlsogk tbf soitoe+y

~zmjlfe' Og imgtzayt, mtbfzy {oll ayyvef tbf zfyivfz zmlf tm

dfemgytzatf yv~fzomzot msfz tbf soitoe'


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31

Ot oy oe~mztagt cmz a ~zm`fit eagakfz tm vgdfzytagd tbf dgaeoiy mc imgcloit

jfcmzf jfogk ajlf tm zfymlsf ot' Tbf ogtfzgal ibazaitfzoytoiy mc imgcloit ogilvdf

~fzif~tomg mc tbf kmal, ~fzif~tomg mc tbf mtbfz, sof{ mc tbf mtbfz+y aitomgy,

dfcogotomg mc ~zmjlfe, imeevgoiatomg, agd ogtfzgal kzmv~ dgaeoiy'

[bat oy Imgcloit Eagakfefgt=

Imgcloit ea jf dfcogfd ay a ytzvkklf mz imgtfyt jft{ffg ~fm~lf {otb

m~~myogk gffdy, odfay, jflofcy, salvfy, mz kmaly' Imgcloit mg tfaey oy

ogfsotajlf8 bm{fsfz, tbf zfyvlty mc imgcloit azf gmt ~zfdftfzeogfd' Imgcloit

eokbt fyialatf agd lfad tm gmg%~zmdvitosf zfyvlty, mz imgcloit iag jf

jfgfcoioall zfymlsfd agd lfad tm qvalot cogal ~zmdvity'

Tbfzfcmzf, lfazgogk tm eagakf imgcloit oy ogtfkzal tm a bokb ~fzcmzeagif

tfae' Altbmvkb sfz cf{ ~fm~lf km lmmhogk cmz imgcloit, emzf mctfg tbag gmt,

imgcloit zfyvlty jfiavyf mc eoyimeevgoiatomg jft{ffg ~fm~lf {otb zfkazd tm

tbfoz gffdy, odfay, jflofcy, kmaly, mz salvfy' Imgcloit eagakfefgt oy tbf

~zogio~lf tbat all imgcloity iaggmt gfifyyazol jf zfymlsfd, jvt lfazgogk bm{

tm eagakf imgcloity iag dfizfayf tbf mddy mc gmg ~zmdvitosf fyialatomg'

Imgcloit eagakfefgt ogsmlsfy aiqvozogk yholly zflatfd tm imgcloit

zfymlvtomg, yflc%a{azfgfyy ajmvt imgcloit emdfy, imgcloit

imeevgoiatomg yholly, agd fytajloybogk a ytzvitvzf cmz eagakfefgt mc

imgcloit og mvz fgsozmgefgt'

Bm{ dm ~fm~lf zfy~mgd tm imgcloit= Cokbt mz Clokbt=

^byomlmkoiall {f zfy~mgd tm imgcloit og mgf mc t{m {ay % {f {agt tm kfta{a czme tbf imgcloit mz {f azf zfad tm tahf mg agmgf {bm imefy mvz

{a' Tbogh cmz a emefgt ajmvt {bfg mv azf og imgcloit' Dm mv {agt tm

lfasf mz dm mv {agt tm cokbt {bfg a imgcloit ~zfyfgty otyflc= Gfotbfz

~byomlmkoial zfy~mgyf oy kmmd mz jad % oty ~fzymgal zfy~mgyf' [bat oy


62/77

^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


3:

oe~mztagt tm lfazg, zfkazdlfyy mc mvz ogotoal ~byomlmkoial zfy~mgyf tm

imgcloit, oy tbat {f ybmvld ogtfgtomgall ibmmyf mvz zfy~mgyf tm imgcloit'

[bftbfz {f cffl lohf {f {agt tm cokbt mz clff {bfg a imgcloit azoyfy, {f iag

dflojfzatfl ibmmyf a imgcloit emdf' J imgyiomvyl ibmmyogk a imgcloit emdf

ogytfad mc tm imgcloit, {f azf emzf lohfl tm ~zmdvitosfl imgtzojvtf tm

ymlsogk tbf ~zmjlfe at bagd'

YTZATFKOFY CMZ IMGCLOIT EAGAKFEFGT

Lazymg agd Kzay loyt mc cosf ytzatfkofy cmz eagakogk dycvgitomgal imgcloit

~zmsodfy a kmmd yveeaz mc a~~zmaibfy'

Efdoatomg0

Tbf kmal oy tm odfgtoc evlto~lf ~myyojlf altfzgatosfy agd tm evtvall yflfit

mgf tbat oy aiif~tajlf tm all ogsmlsfd ~aztofy agd og tbf ogtfzfyt mc ~zm`fit

mj`fitosfy'

Azjotzatomg0

Tboy ytzatfk zfqvozfy tbf ~zm`fit eagakfz tm ~zmsodf a yacf agd ~zmdvitosfm~~mztvgot cmz tbf imgcloitfd ~aztofy tm aoz tbfoz doyakzffefgty' Actfz iazfcvl

attfgtomg agd cvll loytfgogk tm faib ~azt, tbf ~zm`fit eagakfz ybmvld

cmzevlatf, dfcogf, agd ~zmsodf a ymlvtomg tm tbf ~aztofy' Tboy ytzatfk oy

jayfd mg tbf cmziogk a~~zmaib tm imgcloit dfyizojfd fazlofz' Azjotzatomg iag

mctfg jf fccfitosfl imejogfd {otb efdoatomg j cmziogk ag ogotoal imgcloit

ymlvtomg agd tbfg allm{ogk tbf ~aztofy tm gfkmtoatf tm a emzf evtvall

aiif~tajlf altfzgatosf'

Imgtzml0Jayfd mg tbf yemmtbogk a~~zmaib dfyizojfd fazlofz, tboy ytzatfk yffhy tm

jzogk tfgyomg agd femtomgy dm{g tm a lfsfl at {boib ~zmdvitosf doyivyyomg


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^ZM@FIT EAGAKFEFGT


39

agd gfkmtoatomg iag miivz' Bvemvz oy mctfg ag fccfitosf tmml, ay {fll ay tbfvyf mc tfe~mzaz jzfahy mz toef%mvty og tbf doyivyyomgy jft{ffg imgcloitfd~aztofy'

Aiif~tagif0Tbf dfioyomg iag jf eadf tbat tbf imgcloit imgyfqvfgify azf gfklokojlf

zflatosf tm ~zm`fit mj`fitosfy agd, tbfzfcmzf, zfqvozf gm aitomg' Tboy ytzatfk

iazzofy yokgocoiagt zoyh mc latfz fyialatomg agd ybmvld jf imejogfd {otb

y~fiocoi ~lagy cmz emgotmzogk tbf yotvatomg tm fgyvzf tbat tbf imgcloit

zfeaogy at ag aiif~tajlf lfsfl'

Floeogatomg0

Cogall, tbf floeogatomg ytzatfk oy zfyfzsfd cmz tbmyf imgcloity tbat basfjfimef ym dycvgitomgal tbat tbf ~zm`fit iag gm lmgkfz tmlfzatf ag oe~aity

czme tbfe' Mctfg a layt zfymzt, floeogatomg ogsmlsfy tbf zfemsal mc tbf

imgcloitfd ~aztofy czme ogsmlsfefgt {otb tbf ~zm`fit'

Semester III Assgn I Project Management

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Transcript of Semester III Assgn I Project Management