Semester 2, Day 6 DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative Replication.
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Transcript of Semester 2, Day 6 DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative Replication.
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Semester 2, Day 6
DNA, RNA, Proteins, and Semiconservative Replication
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Agenda Study for Quiz Turn in Homework Quiz on Cells Lecture on DNA, RNA, Proteins, and
Semiconservative replication
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Study Prokaryotic Bacteria Cell Eukaryotic Animal Cell Eukaryotic Plant Cell You should be able to label all organelles in
any type of cell You should be able to tell me the function of
each organelle in a cell
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Homework Due Annotation: Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6 Concept Checks for each Section Chapter 6 Review
#1, 2, 4-10, 14-17, 19
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Recall: Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) are
macromolecules made up of linked monomers called nucleotides
Nucleotides - Sugars we’ll look at:
P
O
O
O-O-
Sugar
NitrogenousBase
Image Source: www.tutorhelpdesk.com
“un-oxygen”
difference of an oxygen
For DNA For RNA
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Nucleotides – Nitrogenous bases we’ll look at:
(DNA only)
(RNA only)
Image Source: www.cmlab.csie.ntu.edu.tw
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Chargaff’s Data:
% of Nitrogenous Bases in DNA
Organism
A T G C
E. Coli 26.0 23.9 24.9 25.2
Yeast 31.3 30.9 18.7 17.1
Rat 28.6 28.4 21.4 21.5
Human 30.9 29.4 19.9 19.8
A T G C
Purine with Pyrimidine
Image Source: bio1151.nicerweb.com
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins X-Ray Diffraction:
Image Source: legacy.hopkinsville.kctcs.edu
Rosalind Franklin’s Photo 51= DOUBLE HELIX
Image Source: lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Watson and Crick
Zoom-In
Cytosine & Guanine pair
w/ 3 hydrogen
bonds
Adenine & Thymine pair w/ 2 hydrogen
bonds
2 outside strands of alternating
deoxyribose sugars & phosphates
Image Source: academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Why is DNA a double helix?
Image Source: whitni13.blogspot.com
Phosphates & sugars
are hydrophilic
( H2O)
Water can
enter here
Nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic ( H2O)
Space
Space
Space
Twisting shape minimizes
where water can get in
Antiparallel strands aid in creating the double helix
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DNA, RNA, & Proteins RNA Structure (Single Stranded):
Uracil, NOT
Thymine
Image Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg
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DNA, RNA, & Proteins RNA can fold into itself:
Image Source: www.uic.edu
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DNA, RNA, & Proteins 3 Types of RNA:
mRNA rRNA tRNA
“messenger” “ribosomal” “transfer”
Carries genetic info from DNA (in nucleus) to
ribosome (in cytoplasm)
Combines with a protein to form the ribosome
Transports amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA Image Source: www.sparknotes.comtRNA Image Source: www.wiley.commRNA Image Source: www.yalescientific.org
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Proteins are essential to life: antibodies, enzymes,
hormones, structure, storage, transport, etc. A macromolecule made of linked monomers called
amino acids:
H2N C COOH
H
R
-NH2 (amine group)-COOH (carboxylic acid)
Side chain different from each of the 20 amino acidsImage Source: commons.wikimedia.org
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Proteins: Complex 3D
Structure
Primary Structure: order of
amino acids in a protein (a.k.a.
“polypeptide chain”).
Secondary Structure: coiling or
pleating.
Tertiary Structure: coils &
pleats attract each other.
Quaternary Structure: multiple
proteins grouped together.
Image Source: www.contexo.info
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins Only 20 amino acids, BUT:
Any NUMBER of amino acids Any ORDER of amino acidsMillions of Protein Combinations!
Image Source: www.irbbarcelona.org
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Semiconservative Replication
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Problems A T T C G A T G C C A A A T G G C G A
C C T G C G A T C C A T T C G A G A T
T T A C A T A A G C G C C C T A T C G
A A A T A C G A T T G G C G A A T A T
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Reading/Work Time Packet Work: Cornell Notes for the following:
Section 11.1 Section 11.2 Section 11.3
Questions: 11.1: #1-3 11.2: #1-3 11.3: #1-3 Chapter 11 Assessment: #1-2, 8-11, 13, 16, 18