Sem v2

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Motivation: Nano approach 1.Conversion 2.Storage 3.Efficiency Novel technologies (e.g. Fusion power…) Energy related challenges Solution approaches Existing tech.: • Solar cells • Batteries • Capacitors • Catalysis Novel materials with enhanced properties (Chemistry approach) Existing materials Enhance properties via structure control (Nano approach)

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Transcript of Sem v2

Page 1: Sem v2

Motivation: Nano approach

1. Conversion2. Storage 3. Efficiency

Novel technologies (e.g. Fusion power…)

Energy relatedchallenges

Solution approaches

Existing tech.:• Solar cells • Batteries • Capacitors • Catalysis

Novel materials with enhanced properties(Chemistry approach)

Existing materials

Enhance propertiesvia structure control

(Nano approach)

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Functionalmaterial

Functionalmaterial

Motivation: Nano approach

Active material (few nanometres)

Nanostructuring

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SEM

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Template-assisted nanostructuring (Overview)

Self-assembled diblockcopolymer nanostructure

Mesoporous gyroid film on conducting FTO

Electrodeposition of functional materials:Ni, NiO, V2O5, TiO2, ...

Selective removal of organic template

Assembly of functional devices

Versatile method

E. Crossland et al., Nano Letters, 2009, 9(8):2807-2812E. Crossland et al., Nano Letters, 2009, 9(8):2813-2819

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Diblock copolymer microphase-separation

• Macrophase-separation of homopolymer blends• Immiscible polymers demix• Occurs on the micron-scale

P. Flory, Journal of Chemical Physics, 1942, 10:51–61M. Huggins, Annuals of the NY Academy of Sciences, 1942, 43:1–32

• Microphase-separation of diblock copolymers• Immiscible blocks demix• Occurs on the nanometre-scale, since the

two blocks are covalently bound

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Double-gyroid morphology (Ia3d)

Two subvolumes: (majority 62% and minority 38% phase)• interconnected• extremely high surface area

• self-supporting • robust

Michielsen et al., Journal of the Royal Society interface, 2010Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(38):3928-3932

Video Gyroid animation

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Replica

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Electrochromic NiO display

Video Gyroid 4Video Gyroid 3Video NiO Display

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Structural color

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Where does colour come from?

Pigment colours Structural colours

white light

bright, pure, directional

- Iridescence -

red

blue

pigment

Scattered red light- rest of light absorbed

white light

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Nature is more complex

• Urania butterfly

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Nature is more complex

• Morpho butterfly

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Nature is more complex

• Morpho butterfly

Video Morpho

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Replica

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Nature is more complex

• Papilio palinurus

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Nature is more complex

• Japanese jewel beetle

400 nm

TEM - micrograph

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Nature is more complex

• Japanese jewel beetle

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SEM of a fly’s eye

Video smallflyeye

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More Structural Colour - Opals

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Making Artificial Opals

We can use polystyrene spheres to make artificial opals…

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Colloidal monolayer

Video Colloid fabricationVideo Colloid SEM

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SEM Images

All same size Binary mixtures

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Using Opals as Templates

Solar cells, batteries, photonic crystals, detectors, fashion…


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