Selma CELİKYAY Zonguldak Karaelmas University Bartin Faculty of Forestry

DDSS 2006 Conference/4-7 July/Heeze-Kapellerput/The Netherlands

Research on new residential areas using GISA case study Selma CELİKYAY

Zonguldak Karaelmas UniversityBartin Faculty of Forestry

Department of Landscape Architecture74100-Bartin-TURKEY

ZKU / zonguldak karaelmas university

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Main approaches

There are two main approaches guiding the research. One of them is sustainability and thus, the other is ecological planning approach. As known, both of them are related to one another.

Sustainability

The bridge between today and future

Usage of natural resources without exhausting them

Ecological planning

The relation between human and nature

The balance between utilization and conservation of the natural resources.


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Sustainability

Sustainability concept makes a bridge between today and future.

One of the major principles of sustainable development: “usage of natural resources without exhausting them” has been appropriated by the whole world and the space planning strategies have gained a new dimension considering natural resources.


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Ecological planning

As known, planning is a decision-making process regarding “the future”. On each scale of planning process, spatial rules of the social life have been formed. In planning process preparing scenarios on community scale, firstly spatial analyses should be carried out.

Throughout the world, spatial planning strategies focusing on the sustainable development have ecological approach. Both regional and urban planning processes have been based upon ecological issues.

Each land is not suitable for every kind of land uses or is suitable for only one land use from the natural resource point of view.


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Research area

The principal aim of the study is mainly to make a framework that will guide planning process regarding Bartin settlement.

In the city of Bartin through which the Bartin River flows, a case study has been carried out regarding the planning strategies and the ecological approach mentioned above.

Bartin is situated in Black Sea Region of Turkey.


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3D map of the research area


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Materials

Geographical information system ArcView 3.2

AutoCad

Potential value analysis program


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MethodThe method of McHarg employed in this study is also based on the ecological analysis, determination of the land use potentials of an area in terms of natural resources and the use of this analysis in physical planning.

Stages:

Data Analysis Evaluation Result


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Data

At the first stage, data regarding research area was stored in

computer.

Topography Geology Hydrology Soil Flora Existing land uses


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Analysis

Basically, there are two steps at the analysis stage.

Creation of the mathematical analysis method

Grid analysis


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Mathematical analysis method

A mathematical formula was created for analysis of ecological factors in the research area. The basic principle underlying of this formula is that each land is not suitable for every kind of land uses or is suitable for only one land use from the point of potential of natural resources view.

The aim of using a mathematical method is not only to selection of the suitable lands for residential uses but also to eliminate unsuitable lands.


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Mathematical formula

The basic principle underlying of this mathematical formula is that the potential of a land for residential use is the sum of the potential values of the ecological factors related to the land. This expression has been mathematically formulated:

RLU PV = Factor1 PV + Factor2 PV + …. + Factor (n) PV

RLU= Residential Land Use PV= Potential Value

This mathematical formula is a basic formula guiding the research based on ecological approach.


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Mathematical formula

Factor PV = g.e RLU PV = ΣFactor PV = g1.e1 + g2.e2 +…+ g(n).e(n)

RLU PV = Total potential value related to residential land use

PV = Potential value of the ecological factor related to residential land use

g = The ecological factor’s level of importance in determining the residential land use

e = The numerical value of the ecological factor (functional value)


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Criterions for residential areas

Criterions selected for residential areas are ability class of the soil, slope, erosion and aspect factors.

RApv =Ability Classpv + Slopepv + Erosionpv +Aspectpv

RA = Potential residential areas

pv = Potential value


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Criterions for residential areas

Each one of these ecological factors was separated inferior factors having the ecological threshold characteristics for residential land use. Either primary ecological factors or inferior ecological factors were evaluated numerical values.


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Table 1. Assessment criterions related to the potential residential areas

Grid unit no.

Ecological factors Ability Class Slope Erosion Aspect

Factors’ values (g) 3 3 2 2

Sub-factors’ values in grid area (e) Max: 4Min: 1

Max: 4Min: 1

Max: 4Min: 1

Max: 4Min: 1

Total values (g.e) g.e g.E g.e g.e

Total potential value of grid unit (∑g.e)

Max. value: 40, Min. value: 10, Mid-value: 25∑g.e = PRAPV


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Grid unit no.

Ecological factor Ability Class of Land

Factor’s value (g) 3

Sub-factors

Sub-factors IV.Class V.Class VI.Class VII.Class

Sub-factor’s value (e) 4 3 2 1

The value of grid (e)

Potential value of grid unit (g.e) ACpv=

Table 2. Assessment criterions related to the ability class factor of the lands


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Table 3. Assessment criterions related to the slope factor

Grid unit no.

Ecological factor Slope


Sub-factors

Sub-factors 0-6% 6-12% 12-20% 20 +%



Potential value of grid unit (g.e) Slopepv=


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Table 4. Assessment criterions related to the erosion factor

Grid unit no.

Ecological factor Erosion


Sub-factors

Sub-factors The highest High erosion Mid-erosion Little or no



Potential value of grid unit (g.e) Erosionpv=


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Table 5. Assessment criterions related to the aspect factor

Grid unit no.

Ecological factor Aspect


Sub-factors

Sub-factors SW, S, SE W, E NW, NE N



Potential value of grid unit (g.e) Aspectpv=


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Grid analysis

Division of the research area into geographic grid units

Question of the ecological factors within the grid units in accordance with the mathematical method


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Grid analysis

Through the grid analysis, the existence of ecological sub-factors in grid units has been questioned according to the mathematical method with the help of geographical information system.

Not only one sub-factor but also several sub-factors existing in these grids have been taken into account. And so, the dominant type method has been used in the assessment of ecological sub-factors researched in the grid system.


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Evaluation

Selection of the appropriate lands for residential uses

Elimination of the inappropriate lands for residential uses


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Evaluation

According to the grid analysis, the grids receiving a potential value less than the minimum potential value indicated in the natural factor evaluation table related to residential areas through the computer program developed for this purpose have been determined as the areas lack of potential and have been extracted from the evaluation.

The grid units having numerical value between minimum

potential value and mid-potential value have been determined as the second degree potential areas. The grid units having numerical value above mid-value have been determined as the first degree potential areas. In this way, a map illustrating two optional residential areas has been acquired.


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Result of the research

As a result of the grid analyses, the fourth class lands having slope between twelve and twenty percent, the lands having mid-erosion degree, and aspects of south, south-east and east were determined as first class potential areas that are suitable for residential land uses.

The hill sides around the settled areas are the places having high potential in terms of residential land uses. Contrary to the settlements on the first class agricultural lands, and the places having risks in terms of level of the subsoil water and earthquake, these areas have characteristic of strong ground in terms of geologic structure.


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New residential areas


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Existing land uses

As seen on the map, in the developing residential area- outside of the settled areas- the housing areas have been built as they were suggested in 1980’s plan on the scale of 1/5000.

Some of these residential areas have fourth class land use ability and they are on 12-20 % gradient hillsides, while some of the residential areas are on valuable agricultural lands having first class land use ability. In the areas outside of the settled area, residences having 2 or 3 floors can be observed. These residential areas also have first class land use ability and they are set on the most fertile agricultural lands.


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Existing land uses


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Conclusions

The research shows that most of the lands of Bartin settlement have been misused due to physical plans not considering natural resources.

Especially agricultural lands have been used for residential land uses.

In the process of urban development, socio-economical development strategies regarding the future of Bartin settlement should be focused on ecological bases. It should be considered to provide the balance between conservation and utilization of the

natural resources for sustainability.


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Selma Celikyay Zonguldak Karaelmas University

Bartin Faculty of Forestry

Department of Landscape Architecture

74100-Bartin-TURKEY

[email protected]

[email protected]

www.bof/karaelmas.edu.tr/peyzaj/en/index.php

Selma CELİKYAY Zonguldak Karaelmas University Bartin Faculty of Forestry

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