Self-Rule for British Colonies p.317-321

Objectives

•Describe how Canada achieved self-rule

•Explain how Australia and New Zealand became democracies

•Describe British domination of Ireland

CANADA STRUGGLES FOR SELF-RULE

French Colonist

French and Indian War – 1763

Influx of British

Loyalist post Revolutionary War

French settled separately from English

French and English Canada

French• Roman Catholic

English• Protestant

Upper Canada – Ontario • English-speaking majority

Lower Canada – Quebec • French-speaking majority

CANADA STRUGGLES FOR SELF-RULE

The Durham Report

The split worked for a time

Mid 1800s • Middle class professionals demand political and

economic reforms• Rebellion break out in upper and lower Canada

Lord Durham• Reformist• Reunite upper and lower Canada• Encourage immigration • Canada should govern itself

The Dominion of Canada

Dominion

• A nation allowed to govern its own affairs

In 1867 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick join

Was self-governing in domestic affairs, but was still part of the British Empire

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

Britain's Penal Colony

1788 – Britain begins colonizing Australia with convicted criminals

Penal Colony

• Place where convicts are sent to serve their sentences

• Used as a way to keep prisons from over crowding

After release, prisoners could buy land and settle

Free Settlers Arrive

Over time British settlers start to settle in New Zealand and Australia• Raise sheep• Become successful wool exporters

Land was offered cheap

Population increase in Australia aided by 1851 gold rush

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

Settling New Zealand

• No British ownership

• Maori rights recognized

Slower settlement

• Missionaries arrive to convert the Maoris

• Conflict with European settlers over land

1814

• Maori except British rule

• Britain recognizes Maori land rights

British annexation

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALANDSelf-Government

Wanted to govern themselves and remain in the British Empire

Created parliamentary forms of government

In the early 1900s both New Zealand and Australia became donimions

Status of Native People

Natives were excluded from democracy and prosperity

European diseases killed many

Aborigines were displaced from their lands or killed many times

Tensions in New Zealand continued

• Wars in 1845 and 1872• Finally driven to remote part of the country

THE IRISH WIN HOME RULE

Expansion began in 1100s when the Pope gave control of Ireland to the King of England

English law limited the rights of Catholics and favored Protestant religion and English language

1801 – England formally joined Ireland to UK

The Great Famine

1840s• Potatoes had become the sole source

of food for many• Crops failed year after year

1 million people died

1.5 million flea• Most to the United States

THE IRISH WIN HOME RULE

Demand for Home Rule

Home rule

• Local control over internal matter only• British were fearful that home rule would lead to

independence

In 1914, Parliament enacted a home rule bill

World War I breaks out and home rule is put on hold

Rebellion and Division

1916 – Easter Rebellion• British put the rebellion down and execute the

leaders• Gave wider popularity to Irish nationalism

Irish Republican Army• Unofficial military force seeking independence for

Ireland

1921 – Divided Ireland is granted home rule• Northern Ireland – Republic of Ireland (1949)

What remnant of the division between Upper and Lower Canada

still exsists?

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How were the fates of the Aborigines and Maoris similar to that of indigenous people in the United

States?

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Why might Britain been more reluctant to grant home rule to Ireland than to its other colonies?

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